1、Designation: D 4049 06An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining the Resistance of Lubricating Grease to WaterSpray1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4049; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method2covers the ability of a grease to adhereto a metal surface when subjecte
3、d to a water spray underprescribed laboratory conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theres
4、ponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD 1742 Test Method for Oil Sep
5、aration from LubricatingGrease During StorageE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lubricating grease, na semi-fluid to solid product ofa thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of
6、 the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid by surfacetension and other physical forces. Other ingredients are com-monly included to impart special properties. D 2173.1.2 oil separation, nthe appearance of a liquid fractionfrom an otherwise homogeneous lubricating composition.D
7、 17423.1.3 thickener, nin lubricating grease, a substance com-posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid lubricantto form the products structure.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe thickeners can be fibers (such asvarious metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certainnon-soap thickeners), whic
8、h are insoluble or, at most, only veryslightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general require-ments are that the solid particles be extremely small, uniformlydispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-likestructure with the liquid lubricant. D 2174. Summary of Test Method4.1 Th
9、e grease to be tested is coated on a stainless steelpanel and sprayed with water at the specified test temperatureand pressure. The amount of grease remaining on the panelafter 5 min 6 15 s is a measure of the resistance of the greaseto water spray.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used
10、 to evaluate the ability of agrease to adhere to a metal surface when subjected to directwater spray. The results obtained from the use of this testmethod suggest correlation in operations involving direct waterspray impingement such as steel mill roll neck bearing ser-vice.4This test method is used
11、 for quality control and purchasespecifications.6. Apparatus56.1 Stainless Steel Test Panel, 18-8 (chromium-nickel)stainless steel, as shown in Fig. 1.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitte
12、eD02.G0.06 on Functional Tests - Contamination.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 404999(2004).2The development of this test method is described in Musilli, T. G., “WaterSpray-Off Characteristics of
13、Lubricating Grease,” NLGI Spokesman, December1982, pp. 323326.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website
14、.4A. E. Cichelli, “Evaluation of Greases for Steel Mill Service,” NLGI Spokes-man, August 1973, and A. E. Cichelli, “Grease Lubrication in Steel Mills withEmphasis on Roll Neck Bearings,” NLGI Spokesman, April 1980.5The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Koe
15、hler Instrument Co., Inc., 1595 Sycamore Ave., Bohemia, NY 11716. If youare aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMInternational Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at ameeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1*A
16、 Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.1 Grease Application Jig, for applying grease to panel;Fig. 2.6.2 Water Spray Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 3.6.3 Spray
17、Nozzle, as shown in Fig. 4.6.4 Thermometer or Thermocouple, capable of measuring38 6 0.5C, to determine the temperature of the water spray,positioned to prevent breaking the spray pattern.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwi
18、se indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are available.6Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purit
19、y to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.7.2 Mineral Spirits, reagent grade, minimum purity.(WarningCombustible. Vapor harmful.)7.3 n-Heptane, reagent grade, minimum purity.(WarningFlammable. Harmful if inhaled.)8. Sampling8.1 Each test will require a quantity sufficien
20、t to cover thesteel panel (approximately 4 to 12 g).8.2 Supply a 25-g (minimum) representative sample.8.3 Examine for any indication of nonhomogeneity, such asoil separation, phase changes, or gross contamination. If anyabnormal conditions are found, obtain a new sample.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.
21、1 Clean the test panel by brushing with mineral spirits.Then rinse with n-heptane and air dry. (WarningSee 7.2 and7.3.)9.2 Clean reservoir by flushing with water and wipe off anyresidual oil film from the surfaces of the reservoir and from thespray chamber area. Disassemble and clean the spray nozzl
22、e,taking care to properly position the vane in the cone bodyduring assembly. This shall be done after each test.NOTE 1For proper vane orientation, see Fig. 4.9.2.1 Visually inspect apparatus prior to each test to ensurecleanliness.10. Procedure10.1 Weigh a clean test panel to the nearest 0.1 g, and
23、recordas W1, and then, using the metal jig (as shown in Fig. 2), usea spatula to spread approximately a 0.8 6 0.005-mm (132-in.)thick film of grease. Clean off any grease beyond the raisedsection of the panel. Reweigh and record as W2.10.2 Add an adequate amount of tap water to the reservoirand to c
24、over the heater and adjust the water temperature to 386 0.5C (100 6 1F). When the water temperature in thereservoir reaches 38 6 0.5C (1006 1F), circulate 2 to 3 minto attain temperature equilibrium before spraying the panel.6Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications , AmericanChem
25、ical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rock
26、ville,MD.DIMENSIONSin. mmA Overall panel length 6.0 152.4B Raised section length 4.0 101.6C Width 2.000 - 0.002 50.8 - 0.05D Thickness0316 6 0.003 4.76 6 0.08E Reduced section thickness116 1.59F Reduced section length 1.0 25.4NOTEAll tolerances 60.03 mm unless otherwise specified.FIG. 1 Stainless St
27、eel Test PanelDIMENSIONSin. mmG Width 3.0 76.2H Length 8.0 203.2I Thickness716 11.11J Raised section width12 12.7K Reduced section thickness732 5.54L Reduced section width 2.001 + 0.003 50.83 + 0.5NOTEAll tolerances 60.03 mm unless otherwise specified.FIG. 2 Grease Application JigD4049062Adjust pump
28、 pressure to 276 6 7 kPa (40 6 1 psi) using thebypass valve. The bypass valve must be ahead of the gauge, notbetween the gauge and nozzle. Shut off the motor.10.3 Insert the panel, making sure the panel is level andcentered below the spray nozzle. Start the motor and spray thewater on the panel for
29、5 min 6 15 s.10.4 Shut off the motor to stop the spray, and remove thepanel. Remove the excess grease outside the raised section ofpanel (area BC, Fig. 1) and along the sides and bottom of thepanel. Place the panel in a horizontal position in an oven for 1h 6 5 min at 666 1C (150 6 2F).10.5 Remove t
30、he panel from the oven, and allow to cool.Reweigh the panel, and record as W3.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the percent spray-off as follows:% spray2off 5FW2 W3!W2 W1!G100! (1)where:W1= initial mass of clean panel,W2= panel plus grease, before spraying, andW3= panel plus grease, after spraying.12. R
31、eport12.1 Report the following: date, grease identity, and percentspray-off to the nearest 1.0 %.13. Precision and Bias713.1 The precision of this test method as determined bystatistical examination of interlaboratory results in accordancewith Practice E 691 is as follows:13.1.1 RepeatabilityThe dif
32、ference between two test re-sults obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test materialwould, in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed the following value in only one case intwenty:6.0 % spray-off13.1
33、.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, inthe long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed the following value in only one case in twenty
34、:18.0 % spray-off13.2 BiasThe procedure for measuring a greases resis-tance to water spray has no bias because the value of spray-offcan be defined only in terms of a test method.14. Keywords14.1 grease; spray; water resistance; waterspray7Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headqu
35、arters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02-1188.NOTEThe bypass valve shall be ahead of the gauge, not between the gauge and nozzle.FIG. 3 Water Spray ApparatusD4049063SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.G0.06 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since
36、the last issue(D 404999(2004) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Removed Test Methods D 235 from the Referenced Docu-ments and the text.(2) Revised 7.2 and 9.1 to remove Stoddard Solvent wording.(3) Revised 9.1-9.2.1 to address repetitious apparatus clean-ing.(4) Added surface finish specs
37、 to plates.(5) Standardized the spray nozzle.(6) Replaced Fig. 1.(7) Revised wording regarding the spray nozzle assembly inFig. 3.(8) Replaced Fig. 4.TYPE OF LIQUID CAPACITY G.P.M. AND SPRAY ANGLE AT PRESSURE (psi)40 60 80 100 150 250Water1.9 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.6 5.065 63 61 60 58 55kPa psi276 40414 6055
38、2 80689 1001034 1501724 250FIG. 4 Full Cone Spray TesterD4049064ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any suc
39、h patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invite
40、d either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a
41、fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D4049065
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