ASTM D4057-2006(2011) Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products《石油和石油产品的手工抽样标准操作规程》.pdf

1、Designation:D405706 Designation: D4057 06 (Reapproved 2011)Designation: Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 8.1Standard Practice forManual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4057; the number immediately following th

2、e designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for

3、use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for manually obtaining representative samples of petroleum products of a liquid,semi-liquid, or solid state whose vapor pressure at ambient conditions is below 101 kPa (14.7 psia). If sampling is for the precise

4、determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For sample mixing andhandling of samples, refer to Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3). The practice does not cover sampling of electricalinsulating oils and hydraulic fluids. A summary of the

5、 manual sampling procedures and their applications is presented in Table 1.Chapter 8.3). The practice does not cover sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids.NOTE 1The procedures described in this practice may also be applicable in sampling most noncorrosive liquid industrial chem

6、icals, provided thatall safety precautions specific to these chemicals are strictly followed.NOTE 2The procedure for sampling liquefied petroleum gases is described in Practice D1265; the procedure for sampling fluid power hydraulic fluidsis covered in ANSI B93.19 and B93.44; the procedure for sampl

7、ing insulating oils is described in Practice D923; and the procedure for sampling naturalgas is described in Test Method D1145.NOTE 3The procedure for special fuel samples for trace metal analysis is described in an appendix to Specification D2880.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test

8、Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating GreaseD244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified AsphaltsD268 Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatin

9、gs andMaterialD323Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory AnalysisD525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)D873 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation F

10、uels (Potential Residue Method)D923 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating LiquidsD977 Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD1145 Test Method for Sampling Natural GasD1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, Manual MethodD1856 Test Method for Recovery of Asphalt From Solution

11、by Abson MethodD2172 Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen From Bituminous Paving MixturesD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleumand Petroleum Products (API MPMS

12、Chapter 8.2)1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02/COMQ,/COMQ the joint ASTMAPI committee on Static Petroleum Measurement. Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API

13、). This test methodhas been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established procedures. This test method was issued as a jointASTM-API standard in 1981.Current edition approved Oct.June 1, 2006.2011. Published November 2006.August 2011.

14、Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20002006 asD405795(2000).D405706. DOI: 10.1520/D4057-06.10.1520/D4057-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume i

15、nformation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequate

16、ly depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,

17、 PA 19428-2959, United States.D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement Practice fo

18、r Sampling and Handling of Fuelsfor Volatility Measurement (API MPMS Chapter 8.4)D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.3)2.2 American National Standards:3B93.19 Standard Method for Extraction Fluid Samples from the Lines of a

19、n Operating Hydraulic Fluid Power System (forParticulate Contamination Analysis)B93.44 Method for Extracting Fluid Samples from the Reservoir of an Operating Hydraulic Fluid Power System2.3 API Standards:4MPMS Chapter 8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4177)MP

20、MS Chapter 8.3 Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products(ASTM Practice D5854)MPMS Chapter 8.4 Standard Practice for the Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurements (ASTM PracticeD5842)MPMS Chapter 9.3 Thermohydrometer Test Method f

21、or Density and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid PetroleumProductsMPMS Chapter 10, various sections, Sediment and Water DeterminationMPMS Chapter 17.1 Guidelines for Marine Cargo InspectionMPMS Chapter 17.2 Measurement of Cargoes Aboard Marine Tank VesselsMPMS Chapter 18.1 Measurement Proced

22、ures for Crude Oil Gathered from Small Tanks By Truck3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:Samples3.1.1 Samples:3.1.1.1all-levels sampleall-levels samplea sample obtained by submerging a stoppered beaker or bottle to a point as near aspossible to the draw-off level, then o

23、pening the sampler and raising it at a rate such that it is approximately three-fourths full asit emerges from the liquid.3.1.1.2boring sample3.1.2 boring samplea sample of the material contained in a barrel, case, bag, or cake that is obtained from the chips createdby boring holes into the material

24、 with a ship auger.3.1.1.3bottom sample3.1.3 bottom samplea spot sample collected from the material at the bottom of the tank, container, or line at its lowest point.Discussion3.1.3.1 DiscussionIn practice, the term bottom sample has a variety of meanings.As a result, it is recommended that the exac

25、tsampling location (for example, 15 cm from the bottom) should be specified when using this term.3.1.1.43.1.4 bottom water samplea spot sample of free water taken from beneath the petroleum contained in a ship or bargecompartment or a storage tank.3.1.1.5clearance sample3.1.5 clearance samplea spot

26、sample taken with the inlet opening of the sampling apparatus 10 cm (4 in.) (some regulatoryagencies require 15 cm (6 in.) below the bottom of the tank outlet. Discussion3.1.5.1 DiscussionThis term is normally associated with small (159 m3or 1000 Bbls or less) tanks, commonly referred to aslease tan

27、ks.3.1.1.6composite sample3.1.6 composite samplea blend of spot samples mixed in proportion to the volumes of material from which the spot sampleswere obtained.3.1.1.7core sample3.1.7 core samplea sample of uniform cross sectional area taken at a given height in a tank.3.1.1.8dipper sample3.1.8 dipp

28、er samplea sample obtained by placing a dipper or other collecting vessel in the path of a free-flowing stream tocollect a definite volume from the full cross section of the stream at regular time intervals for a constant time rate of flow or attime intervals varied in proportion to the flow rate.3W

29、ithdrawn.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from American Petroleum

30、Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.D4057 06 (2011)23.1.1.9drain sample3.1.9 drain samplea sample obtained from the water draw-off valve on a storage tank. Discussion3.1.9.1 DiscussionOccasionally, a drain sample may be the same as a bottom sample (for exam

31、ple, in the case of a tank car).3.1.1.103.1.10 floating roof samplea spot sample taken just below the surface to determine the density of the liquid on whichthe roof is floating.3.1.1.113.1.11 flow proportional samplea sample taken from a pipe such that the rate of sampling is proportional throughou

32、tthe sampling period to the flow rate of the fluid in the pipe.3.1.1.12grab sample3.1.12 grab samplea sample obtained by collecting equal quantities from parts or packages of a shipment of loose solids suchthat the sample is representative of the entire shipment.3.1.1.13grease sample3.1.13 grease sa

33、mplea sample obtained by scooping or dipping a quantity of soft or semi-liquid material contained from apackage in a representative manner.3.1.1.14lower sample3.1.14 lower samplea spot sample of liquid from the middle of the lower one-third of the tanks content (a distance offive-sixths of the depth

34、 liquid below the liquids surface). See Fig. 1.3.1.1.15middle sample3.1.15 middle samplea spot sample taken from the middle tanks contents (a distance of one-half of the depth of liquid belowthe liquids surface). See Fig. 1.3.1.1.163.1.16 multiple tank composite samplea mixture of individual samples

35、 or composites of samples that have beenobtained from several tanks or ship/barge compartments containing the same grade of material. Discussion3.1.16.1 DiscussionThe mixture is blended in proportion to the volume of material contained in the respective tanks orcompartments.3.1.1.17outlet sample3.1.

36、17 outlet samplea spot sample taken with the inlet opening of the sampling apparatus at the level of the bottom of thetank outlet (fixed or floating). See Fig. 1.3.1.1.18representative sample3.1.18 representative samplea portion extracted from the total volume that contains the constituents in the s

37、ame proportionsthat are present in that total volume.3.1.1.19running sample3.1.19 running samplea sample obtained by lowering a breaker or bottle to the level of the bottom of the outlet connectionor swing line and returning it to the top of the oil at a uniform rate such that the beaker or bottle i

38、s about three-fourths full whenwithdrawn from the oil.3.1.1.20sample3.1.20 samplea portion extracted from a total volume that may or may not contain the constituents in the same proportionsthat are present in that total volume.3.1.1.213.1.21 samplingall the steps required to obtain a sample that is

39、representative of the contents of any pipe, tank, orNOTE 1The location shown for the outlet sample applies only to tankswith side outlets. It does not apply when the outlet comes from the floorof the tank or turns down into a sump. Bottom sample location must bespecified.NOTE 2Samples should be obta

40、ined from within solid stand pipes asthe materials normally not representative of the material in the tank at thatpoint.FIG. 1 Spot Sampling LocationsD4057 06 (2011)3other vessel and to place that sample in a container from which a representative test specimen can be taken for analysis.3.1.1.223.1.2

41、2 spot samplea sample taken at a specific location in a tank or from a flowing stream in a pipe at a specific time.3.1.1.23surface sample3.1.23 surface samplea spot sample skimmed from the surface of a liquid in a tank.3.1.1.243.1.24 tank composite samplea blend created from the upper, middle, and l

42、ower samples from a single tank.Discussion3.1.24.1 DiscussionFor a tank of uniform cross section, such as an upright cylindrical tank, the blend consists of equal partsof the three samples. For a horizontal cylindrical tank, the blend consists of three samples in the proportions shown in Table 2Tabl

43、e1.3.1.1.25tap sample3.1.25 tap samplea spot sample taken from a sample tap on the side of a tank. It may also be referred to as a tank-side sample.3.1.1.26top sample3.1.26 top samplea spot sample obtained 15 cm (6 in.) below the top surface of the liquid. See Fig. 1.3.1.1.273.1.27 tube or thief sam

44、plea sample obtained with a sampling tube or special thief, either as a core sample or spotsample from a specific point in the tank or container.3.1.1.28upper sample3.1.28 upper samplea spot sample taken from the middle of the upper one-third of the tanks contents (a distance of one-sixthof the liqu

45、id depth below the liquids surface). See Fig. 1.3.1.2Other Terms:3.1.2.1automatic samplerOther Terms3.1.29 automatic samplera device used to extract a representative sample from the liquid flowing in a pipe. Discussion3.1.29.1 DiscussionThe automatic sampler generally consists of a probe, a sample e

46、xtractor, an associated controller, a flowmeasuring device, and a sample receiver. For additional information on an automatic sampler, see Practice D4177 (API MPMSChapter 8.2).3.1.2.2dissolved waterChapter 8.2).3.1.30 dissolved waterwater in solution in an oil.3.1.2.3emulsion3.1.31 emulsionan oil/wa

47、ter mixture that does not readily separate.3.1.2.4entrained water3.1.32 entrained waterwater suspended in the oil. Discussion3.1.32.1 DiscussionEntrained water includes emulsions but does not include dissolved water.3.1.2.5free water3.1.33 free waterthe water that exists as a separate phase.3.1.2.6i

48、ntermediate container3.1.34 intermediate containerthe vessel into which all or part of the sample from a primary container/receiver is transferredfor transport, storage, or ease of handling.3.1.2.73.1.35 primary sample receiver/receptaclea container in which a sample is initially collected. Discussi

49、on3.1.35.1 DiscussionExamples of primary sampler containers include glass and plastic bottles, cans, core-type thief, and fixedand portable sample receivers.3.1.2.8stand pipes3.1.36 stand pipesvertical sections of pipe or tubing extending from the gaging platform to near the bottom of tanks that areequipped with external or internal floating roofs. DiscussionTABLE 2 1 Sampling Instructions for Horizontal CylindricalTanksLiquidDepth(% ofDiameter)Sampling Level(% of Diameter Above Bottom)Composite Sample(Proportionate Part