ASTM D4057-2012 Standard Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products《石油和石油产品的手工抽样标准操作规程》.pdf

1、Designation: D4057 06 (Reapproved 2011)D4057 12Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 8.1Standard Practice forManual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4057; the number immediately following the designation indicates t

2、he year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the De

3、partment of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThe previous version of the manual sampling practice described the various sampling methods andapparatus, with much focus on crude oils and semi-solids and solids. Also, previous versions did notsignificantly address closed or restricted sampling, which continue to be

4、come more prevalent.This version will provide guidance on manual sampling terminology, concepts, equipment,containers, procedures, and will provide some specific guidance related to particular products andtests. The type and size of the sample obtained, and the handling method, will depend on the pu

5、rposefor which it was taken. Refer to the test method for any specific sampling and handling requirementsup to the point of testing. It remains the responsibility of the subcommittee for the relevant test methodto provide guidance, or warnings, regarding sample container selection; preparation; clea

6、nliness; heat,pressure, or light; sample size requirements for testing and retention; and any other special handlingrequirements necessary to ensure a representative sample is tested.In addition to the individual test method, for guidance on container, size, mixing and specialhandling, further guida

7、nce may be provided in Practice D5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3), PracticeD5842 (API MPMS Chapter 8.4), and Practice D4306. While this practice will provide some generalguidance regarding sample chain of custody, Guide D4840 should also be consulted.This document has been developed jointly between the A

8、merican Petroleum Institute (API) andASTM International.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures and equipment for manually obtaining samples of liquid petroleum and petroleum products,crude oils, and intermediate products from the sample point into the primary container are described. Procedures

9、 are also includedfor the sampling of free water and other heavy components associated with petroleum and petroleum products.1.2 This practice also addresses the sampling of semi-liquid or solid-state petroleum products.1.3 This practice provides additional specific information about sample containe

10、r selection, preparation, and sample handling.1.4 This practice covers procedures for manually obtaining representative samples of petroleum products of a liquid,semi-liquid, or solid state whose vapor pressure at ambient conditions is below 101 kPa (14.7 psia). does not cover sampling ofelectrical

11、insulating oils and hydraulic fluids. If sampling is for the precise determination of volatility, use Practice D5842 (APIMPMS Chapter 8.4) in conjunction with this practice. For sample mixing and handling of samples, handling, refer to PracticeD5854 (API MPMS Chapter 8.3). The practice does not cove

12、r sampling of electrical insulating oils and hydraulic fluids.NOTE 1The procedures described in this practice may also be applicable in sampling most noncorrosive liquid industrial chemicals, provided thatall safety precautions specific to these chemicals are strictly followed.NOTE 2The procedure fo

13、r sampling liquefied petroleum gases is described in Practice D1265; the procedure for sampling fluid power hydraulic fluids1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and the API Committee on PetroleumMeasurement and i

14、s the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.02 /COMQ the joint ASTMAPI committee on Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (JointASTM-API).This test method practice has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with established proce

15、dures.This test method practice was issued as a joint ASTM-API standard in 1981.Current edition approved June 1, 2011Dec. 1, 2012. Published August 2011October 2013. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20062011 asD4057D4057 06 (2011).06. DOI: 10.1520/D4057-11.10.1520/D4057

16、-12.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior

17、 editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1is covered in ANSI B93.19 and B93.44; the pr

18、ocedure for sampling insulating oils is described in Practice D923; and the procedure for sampling naturalgas is described in Test Method D1145.NOTE 3The procedure for special fuel samples for trace metal analysis is described in an appendix to Specification D2880.1.5 The procedures described in thi

19、s practice may also be applicable in sampling most non-corrosive liquid industrial chemicalsprovided that all safety precautions specific to these chemicals are followed.Also, refer to Practice E300. The procedures describedin this practice are also applicable to sampling liquefied petroleum gases a

20、nd chemicals.Also refer to Practices D1265 and D3700.The procedure for sampling bituminous materials is described in Practice D140. Practice D4306 provides guidance on samplecontainers and preparation for sampling aviation fuel.1.6 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standar

21、d. USC units are reflected in parentheses.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory

22、limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating G

23、reaseD244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified AsphaltsD268 Guide for Sampling and Testing Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates for Use in Paint and Related Coatings andMaterialD287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D323 Test Method

24、 for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of Coke Samples for Laboratory AnalysisD525D445 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent andOpaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynami

25、c Viscosity)D873D473 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (Potential Residue Method)Sediment in Crude Oils and FuelOils by the Extraction Method (API MPMS Chapter 10.1)D923D664 Practices for Sampling Electrical Insulating LiquidsTest Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products byPo

26、tentiometric TitrationD977 Specification for Emulsified AsphaltD1145 Test Method for Sampling Natural Gas (Withdrawn 1986)3D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, Manual MethodD1267 Test Method for Gage Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)D1298 Test Me

27、thod for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer Method (API MPMS Chapter 9.1)D1657 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer (API MPMS Chapter 9.2)D1838 Test Method for Copper Strip Corros

28、ion by Liquefied Petroleum (LP) GasesD1856 Test Method for Recovery of Asphalt From Solution by Abson MethodD2172 Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of Bitumen From Bituminous Paving MixturesD2880D2622 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsTest Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavel

29、ength DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3230 Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric Method)D3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Floating Piston CylinderD4006 Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation (API MPMS Chapter 10.2)D4007 Test Method for Water and Sedim

30、ent in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure) (API MPMSChapter 10.3)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.2)D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

31、D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4377 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer Titration (API MPMS Chapter 10.7)D4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue (Micro Method)D4629 Test Method for Trace Nitrog

32、en in Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Syringe/Inlet Oxidative Combustion andChemiluminescence Detection2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards

33、 Document Summary page on the ASTM website.D4057 122D4807 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oil by Membrane Filtration (API MPMS Chapter 10.8)D4840 Guide for Sample Chain-of-Custody ProceduresD4928 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration (API MPMS Chapter 10.9)D4929

34、 Test Methods for Determination of Organic Chloride Content in Crude OilD5002 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of Crude Oils by Digital Density AnalyzerD5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D4865D5762 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electr

35、icity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsTest Method for Nitrogen inPetroleum and Petroleum Products by Boat-Inlet ChemiluminescenceD5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement (API MPMS Chapter 8.4)D5853 Test Method for Pour Point of Crude OilsD5854 Practice for Mixing and Han

36、dling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.3)D5863 Test Methods for Determination of Nickel, Vanadium, Iron, and Sodium in Crude Oils and Residual Fuels by FlameAtomic Absorption SpectrometryD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Ch

37、arting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-ment System PerformanceD6377 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure of Crude Oil: VPCRx (Expansion Method)D6470 Test Method for Salt in Crude Oils (Potentiometric Method)D6560 Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles)

38、in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6822 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byThermohydrometer Method (API MPMS Chapter 9.3)D6849 Practice for Storage and Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) in Sample Cylinders for LPG

39、 Test MethodsD7169 Test Method for Boiling Point Distribution of Samples with Residues Such as Crude Oils and Atmospheric and VacuumResidues by High Temperature Gas ChromatographyE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the Chemical Analysis

40、 Laboratory2.2 American National Standards:4B93.19 Standard Method for Extraction Fluid Samples from the Lines of an Operating Hydraulic Fluid Power System (forParticulate Contamination Analysis)B93.44 Method for Extracting Fluid Samples from the Reservoir of an Operating Hydraulic Fluid Power Syste

41、m2.2 API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards:3MPMS Chapter 8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D4177)MPMS Chapter 8.3 Standard Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTMPractice D5854)MPMS Chapter 8.4 Stand

42、ard Practice for the Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurements (ASTM PracticeD5842)MPMS Chapter 9.1 Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleumand Liquid Petroleum (ASTM Test Method D1298)MPMS Chapter 9.2 Standard Test Met

43、hod for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure Hydrometer(ASTM Test Method D1657)MPMS Chapter 9.3 ThermohydrometerStandard Test Method for Density Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of CrudePetroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Thermohydrometer Method (ASTM Test M

44、ethod D6822)MPMS Chapter 10,10.1 various sections, Sediment and Water DeterminationStandard Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oilsand Fuel Oils by the Extraction Method (ASTM Test Method D473)MPMS Chapter 10.2 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation (ASTM Test Method D4006)MPMS C

45、hapter 10.3 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (LaboratoryProcedure) (ASTM Test Method D4007)MPMS Chapter 10.4 Standard Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (LaboratoryProcedure)MPMS Chapter 10.7 Standard Test Method

46、for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer Titration (ASTM TestMethod D4377)MPMS Chapter 10.8 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentiometric Karl Fischer Titration (ASTM TestMethod D4807)MPMS Chapter 10.9 Standard Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Coulometric Karl Fi

47、scher Titration (ASTM Test MethodD4928)MPMS Chapter 14.6 Pressure PycnometerMPMS Chapter 17.1 Guidelines for Marine Cargo Inspection3 Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, http:/www.api.org.D4057 123MPMS Chapter 17.2 Measurement of Cargoes Abo

48、ard Marine Tank VesselsMPMS Chapter 18.1 Measurement Procedures for Crude Oil Gathered from Small Tanks By Truck2.3 Gas Processors Association (GPA) Standards:4GPA S 2174 Obtaining Liquid Hydrocarbon Samples for Analysis by Gas Chromatograph2.4 Other Publications:UOP163 Hydrogen Sulfide and Mercapta

49、n Sulfur in Liquid Hydrocarbons by Potentiometric Titration549 CFR 173 ShippersGeneral Requirements for Shipments and Packagings63. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:Definitions:3.1.1 assay, nthe procedure to determine the presence, absence, or quantity of one or more components.3.1.2 automatic sampler, na device used to extract a representative sample from the liquid flowing in a pipe; the automaticsampler generally consists of a probe, a sample extractor, an associated controller, a flow measuring device, and a sample receiver.3.1.3 bubble