1、Designation: D4060 14Standard Test Method forAbrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the TaberAbraser1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4060; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determinat
3、ion of the resis-tance of organic coatings to abrasion produced by the TaberAbraser on coatings applied to a plane, rigid surface, such as ametal panel.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard, with the exception of mils when determining coatingthickness.1.3 This standard
4、is similar in content (but not technicallyequivalent) to ISO 77842.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the ap
5、plica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by Falling AbrasiveD1005 Test Metho
6、d for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer Hard-nessD3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and RelatedMaterialsD7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement
7、of DryFilm Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toFerrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coat-ings Applied to Non-Ferrous MetalsG195 Guide for Conducting Wear Tests Using a RotaryPlatform Abraser2.2 Other Standards:ISO 77842 Paints and varnishesDetermination of resis-tance to abrasionPar
8、t 2: Rotating abrasive rubber wheelmethod33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Abrasion resistance can be expressed as one or moreof the following terms:3.1.2 wear index, n1000 times the loss in weight inmilligrams per cycle.3.1.3 weight loss, nthe loss in weight in
9、 milligrams,determined at a specified number of cycles.3.1.4 wear cycles per mil, nthe number of cycles ofabrasion required to wear a film through to the substrate per mil(0.001 in.) of film thickness.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The organic coating is applied at uniform thickness to aplane, rigid p
10、anel and, after curing, the surface is abraded usingrotary rubbing action under controlled conditions of pressureand abrasive action. The test specimen, mounted on a turntableplatform, turns on a vertical axis, against the sliding rotation oftwo abrading wheels. One abrading wheel rubs the specimeno
11、utward toward the periphery and the other, inward toward thecenter. The resulting abrasion marks form a pattern of crossedarcs over an area of approximately 30 cm2.4.2 Abrasion resistance is calculated as loss in weight at aspecified number of abrasion cycles, as loss in weight percycle, or as numbe
12、r of cycles required to remove a unit amountof coating thickness.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.Current ed
13、ition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4060 10. DOI:10.1520/D406014.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMSt
14、andards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM I
15、nternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance and Use5.1 Coating on substrates can be damaged by abrasionduring manufacturing and service. This test method has beenuseful in evaluating the abrasion resistance of coatings. Ratingspro
16、duced by this test method have correlated well with ratingsproduced by the falling abrasive values in Test Method D968.5.2 For some materials, abrasion tests utilizing the TaberAbraser may be subject to variation due to changes in theabrasive characteristics of the wheel during testing. Dependingon
17、abradant type and test specimen, the wheel surface maychange (that is, become clogged) due to the adhesion of debrisgenerated during the test and must be resurfaced at morefrequent intervals as agreed upon by the interested parties. Todetermine if more frequent resurfacing is required, plot thetotal
18、 weight loss every 50 cycles. If a significant negativechange in slope is observed prior to 500 cycles, the point atwhich the slope changes determines the resurfacing frequency.6. Apparatus6.1 Taber Abraser4(Fig. 1), as described in Guide G195and consisting of the following elements:6.1.1 Ahorizonta
19、l turntable platform; comprised of a rubberpad, clamp plate, and nut to secure the specimen to theturntable.Aclamping ring is provided to secure the resurfacingmedium6.1.2 A motor capable of rotating the turntable platform at aspeed of either 72 6 2 r/min for 110v/60Hz or 60 6 2 r/min for230v/50Hz,6
20、.1.3 A pair of pivoted arms, to which the abrasive wheelsand auxiliary masses may be attached; loads of 250, 500, or1000 g on each wheel may be obtained by use of thesechangeable masses. Counterweight attachments of 125 or 175g are available to reduce the load against the specimen, and canbe used wi
21、th or without the auxiliary masses.NOTE 1Without auxiliary masses or counterweights, each arm willapply a load against the specimen of 250 g per wheel (exclusive of themass of the wheel itself).6.1.4 A vacuum suction system and vacuum pick-up nozzleto remove debris and abrasive particles from the sp
22、ecimensurface during testing. The height of the vacuum pickup nozzleshall be adjustable, and the nozzle openings shall be 8 mm indiameter. The vacuum system shall operate when testingcommences.6.1.5 A counter to record the number of cycles (revolutions)made by the turntable platform.6.2 Abrasive Whe
23、elsResilient Calibrase wheels No.CS-10 or CS-17, as required, shall be used unless otherwiseagreed upon by the interested parties. Because of the slowhardening of the bonding material, resilient wheels should notbe used after the date marked on them, or one year after theirpurchase if the wheels are
24、 not dated.6.2.1 The wheels shall be 12.7 6 0.3 mm thick and have anexternal diameter of 51.9 6 0.5 mm when new, and in no caseless than 44.4 mm.NOTE 2The hardness of the wheels can be checked by Test MethodD2240. Measure at least four points equally spaced on the side surface ofthe wheel. The readi
25、ng shall be taken 10 s after full application of thepressure, and then averaged. An acceptable hardness for both types ofwheels is 81 6 5 units on Shore Durometer A-2 Scale.NOTE 3The CS-17 wheels produce a harsher abrasion than the CS-10wheels.6.3 Resurfacing Medium, an S-11 abrasive disk, used forr
26、esurfacing the abrasion wheels.7. Test Specimens7.1 Apply a uniform coating of the material to be tested toa rigid panel having both surfaces substantially plane and4Available from Taber Industries, 455 Bryant St., North Tonawanda, NY 14120.Note: Vacuum Suction System not shown.FIG. 1 Taber AbraserD
27、4060 142parallel. Specimens shall be a disk or a square plate with a 6.5mm hole centrally located on each panel. Typical dimensionsfor a test panel are 100 mm in diameter or 100 by 100 mm.Thickness of the specimen should be no greater than 6.3 mmunless an S-21 extension nut4or arm height extension k
28、it4isutilized. Prepare a minimum of two coated panels for thematerial.NOTE 4While the minimum of two coated panels is acceptable,evaluating three or more panels per material will provide greater confi-dence in your test results.NOTE 5The coatings should be applied in accordance with PracticesD823, o
29、r as agreed upon between the interested parties.NOTE 6The thickness of the dry coatings should be measured inaccordance with Test Method D1005 or Practice D7091.NOTE 7For those materials greater than 6.3 mm but less than 12.7 mmthick, the S-21 extension nut may be used to affix the specimen to thetu
30、rntable. This requires a 9.5 mm center hole in the specimen.Alternatively, an arm height extension kit will permit testing of specimensup to 40 mm thick and requires the center hole to be 14.5 mm.8. Calibration8.1 Verify calibration of the TaberAbraser as directed by theequipment manufacturer (see A
31、ppendix X1).9. Standardization9.1 To ensure that the abrading function of the wheels ismaintained at a constant level, prepare the abrading wheelsprior to each test.9.1.1 Mount the selected abrasive wheels on their respectiveflange holders, taking care not to handle them by their abrasivesurfaces.9.
32、1.2 A load of 1000 g (per wheel) should be used, unlessotherwise agreed upon by the interested parties.9.1.3 Mount the resurfacing medium (S-11 abrasive disk) onthe turntable and secure in place with the clamp plate, nut andclamping ring. Lower the abrading heads carefully until thewheels rest squar
33、ely on the abrasive disk. Place the vacuumpickup nozzle in position and adjust it to a distance of 3 61.0 mm, or as agreed upon between buyer and seller, above theabrasive disk.9.1.4 Set the vacuum suction force to 100. The vacuumsuction force may be decreased if agreed upon by the interestedparties
34、.9.1.5 Resurface the wheels by running them 50 cyclesagainst the resurfacing medium. Each S-11 resurfacing disk isgood for one resurfacing operation, after which it shall bediscarded. WarningDo not brush or touch the surface of thewheels after they are resurfaced.NOTE 8The wheels shall be resurfaced
35、 in this manner before testingeach specimen and after every 500 cycles.10. Conditioning10.1 Cure the coated panel under conditions of humidityand temperature as agreed upon between the interested parties.For additional information, reference Specification D3924.10.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon betw
36、een the interestedparties, condition the coated panel for at least 24 h at 23 6 2Cand 50 6 5 % relative humidity. Conduct the test in the sameenvironment or immediately on removal therefrom.11. Procedure11.1 Weigh the test specimen to the nearest 0.1 mg andrecord this weight, if either the wear inde
37、x or the weight lossis to be reported.11.2 When wear cycles per mil is required, measure thecoating thickness of the test specimen on four points along thepath to be abraded and take the average of the readings.11.3 Mount the test specimen on the abraser turntableplatform with the side to be abraded
38、 facing up. Secure usingthe clamp plate and nut. Place the abrading heads on the testspecimen and the vacuum pick-up nozzle in position asoutlined in 9.1.3. Affix the auxiliary masses as outlined in9.1.2. Set the vacuum suction as outlined in 9.1.4.NOTE 9To generate a uniform wear pattern, specimen
39、surfaces mustbe plane and parallel. If a sample is slightly warped, the model E140-14Rimmed Specimen Holder with Ring Clamp4or similar may be used. Thisholder clamps the sample against a flat rigid plate about the perimeter ofthe sample.NOTE 10If using a dual table abraser and the second table is no
40、t inuse, mount a sample to the table and set the vacuum nozzle height asstated in 9.1.3.11.4 Subject the test specimen to abrasion for the specifiednumber of cycles or until wear through of the coating isobserved. In determining the point of wear through, stop theinstrument at intervals for examinat
41、ion of the test specimen.11.5 Remove any loose abradings remaining on the testspecimen by light brushing. Reweigh the test specimen.11.6 Repeat 11.1 11.5 on at least one additional testspecimen of the material under test. (See Note 4.)12. Calculation12.1 Wear IndexCompute the wear index, I, of a tes
42、tspecimen as follows:I 5A 2 B! 1000C(1)where:A = weight of test specimen before abrasion, mg,B = weight of test specimen after abrasion, mg, andC = number of cycles of abrasion recorded.NOTE 11In calculating wear index it may be advisable to discard thelast 200 cycles because the results may be affe
43、cted by abrasion of theexposed substrate.12.2 Weight LossCompute weight loss, L, of the testspecimen as follows:L 5 A 2 B (2)where:A = weight of test specimen before abrasion, mg, andB = weight of test specimen after abrasion, mg.12.3 Wear Cycles Per MilCompute the wear cycles permil, W, of the test
44、 specimen as follows:W 5 D/T (3)where:D = number of cycles of abrasion required to wear coatingthrough to substrate andT = thickness of coating, mils.D4060 143NOTE 12In calculating the wear cycles, it is advisable to discard thefirst and last readings because the first may be affected by an unevensu
45、rface and the last by abrasion of the substrate.13. Report13.1 Report the following information for each test mate-rial:13.1.1 Temperature and humidity during conditioning and atthe time of testing,13.1.2 Thickness of coating when wear cycles are specified,13.1.3 Type of abrasive wheels used and fre
46、quency ofresurfacing if different then Note 8,13.1.4 Load applied to the abrasive wheels (per arm),13.1.5 Vacuum nozzle height,13.1.6 Vacuum suction setting,13.1.7 Number of wear cycles recorded for each testspecimen,13.1.8 Wear index, weight loss, or wear cycles per mil foreach test specimen, and13
47、.1.9 Mean and range of the abrasion resistance values ofthe replicate coated panels.14. Precision and Bias514.1 The precision of this test method is based on aninterlaboratory study of Test Method D4060 - 01, conducted in2006. Seven laboratories tested five materials. Each “testresult” represented a
48、n individual determination. Every labora-tory obtained five replicate samples for each material.514.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo test results obtained within onelaboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by morethan the “r” value for that material given in Table 1;“r”istheinterval representing
49、 the critical difference between two testresults for the same material, obtained by the same operator,using the same equipment, in the same laboratory, on the sameday.14.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo test results shall be judged notequivalent if they differ by more than the “R” value for thatmaterial given in Table 1;“R” is the interval representing thedifference between two test results for the same material,obtained by different operators, using different equipment, indifferent laboratories.14.1.3 Any judgment in accordance with these two state-ments h
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