ASTM D4074 D4074M-2011(2015) Standard Test Method for Bitumen and Aggregate Content of Bitumen-Aggregate Mixtures From Roofing Samples《屋面样品沥青混合料的沥青和骨料含量的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D4074/D4074M 11 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forBitumen and Aggregate Content of Bitumen-AggregateMixtures From Roofing Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4074/D4074M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adopt

2、ion or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bitu-men content of adhe

3、red aggregate surfacing on a roof, and theapproximate mass per unit area of the flood coat and adheredaggregate.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem s

4、hall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish app

5、ro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility and regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D71 Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch andAsphalt (Displacement Method)D2829 Practice for Sampling and Analysis of ExistingBuilt-Up R

6、oof Systems3. Summary of Test Method3.1 The proportions of bitumen and aggregate in a mixtureare determined from their relative densities and the relativedensity of their mixture.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method offers a convenient alternative tosolvent extraction for the approximate dete

7、rmination of top-coating bitumen and adhered aggregate in roofing samples,particularly when the bitumen is coal tar pitch.5. Apparatus5.1 Beaker, 500-mL minimum capacity, without a pourspout.35.2 Glass Cover Plate, 127 by 127 by 3 mm 5 by 5 by 0.12in.5.3 Balance, 1000 6 0.1-g capacity.6. Materials6.

8、1 Isopropyl Alcohol, (CH3)2CHOH, commercial grade.6.2 Paper Cups, paraffin-coated, 61 mm 2.4 in. in diam-eter by 76 in. 3 mm high, 150-mL 5-oz capacity.7. Sampling7.1 Obtain samples in the field in accordance with PracticeD2829.8. Procedure8.1 Cut a 100-mm 558-in. square specimen from theroofing sam

9、ple and collect any associated loose, bitumen-freeaggregate in a tared paper cup.8.2 Add additional loose, bitumen-free aggregate to the cupfrom the remaining sample, if necessary, to obtain a 100 to200-g specimen of the aggregate. Weigh the aggregate to thenearest 0.1 g and record as Ma.8.3 Place t

10、he roofing specimen on aluminum foil or releasepaper and carefully remove the adhered aggregate and topcoating with a hot knife or scraper without damaging the topfelt.NOTE 1This will usually leave 200 to 400 g/m24 to 8 lb/100 ft2ofbitumen on the surface of the roofing felt.1This test method is unde

11、r the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 onRoofing Membrane Systems.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originallyapproved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4074/D4074M 11

12、.DOI: 10.1520/D4074_D4074M-11R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply o

13、f the beaker, Kimble Chase, part #14020600Kimax 600 mL without spout, known to the committee at this time is FisherScientific, 1022 Spruce St., P.O. Box 1502, Vineland, NJ 083621502. If you areaware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Interna-tional Headquarters. Your c

14、omments will receive careful consideration at a meetingof the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States18.4 Collect the adhered aggregate and top coating removedin 8.3 in a t

15、ared paper cup and add any associated loose,bitumen-coated aggregate. Weigh to the nearest 0.1 g andrecord as Mm.8.5 Overfill the clean 500-mL beaker with isopropyl alcoholand carefully slide the glass cover plate over the top so as toexclude air. Blot the excess alcohol from the exterior of thebeak

16、er. Weigh the assembly to the nearest 0.1 g and record asT.8.6 Remove the glass cover plate and place the aggregatespecimen from 8.2 in the beaker. Again, overfill the beakerwith alcohol, and carefully replace the cover plate. Blot theexcess alcohol from the exterior of the beaker. Weigh theassembly

17、 to the nearest 0.1 g and record as Wa.8.7 Discard the contents of the beaker and rinse withalcohol. Place the adhered aggregate and top coating specimenfrom 8.4 in the beaker. Overfill with alcohol, replace the coverplate, and blot the exterior as before. Weigh the assembly to thenearest 0.1 g and

18、record as Wm.8.8 Recover a 10 to 20-g specimen of the top coatingbitumen from the remaining roofing sample. Prepare cast cubesand weigh them suspended in air and suspended in isopropylalcohol in accordance with Sections 8 and 9 of Test MethodD71, using alcohol in place of water. Record the weight in

19、 airas a, and the weight in alcohol as b.NOTE 2If a clean aggregate or bitumen sample cannot be obtained,use relative densities of 3.36 for gravel, 3.18 for slag, 1.30 for asphalt, and1.65 for coal-tar pitch.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the relative density of the aggregate (Sa)asfollows:Sa5 Ma/T1Ma2

20、 Wa! (1)where:Ma= weight of the aggregate in air, g,T = weight of the covered beaker filled with alcohol, g,andWa= weight of the covered beaker containing the aggregateand filled with alcohol, g.9.2 Calculate the relative density of the aggregate-bitumenmixture (Sm) as follows:Sm5 Mm/T1Mm2 Wm! (2)wh

21、ere:Mm= weight of the mixture in air, g,T = weight of the covered beaker filled with alcohol, g,andWm= weight of the covered beaker containing the mixtureand filled with alcohol, g.9.3 Calculate the relative density of the bitumen (Sb)asfollows:Sb5 a/a 2 b! (3)where:a = weight of the bitumen cube in

22、 air, g, andb = weight of the bitumen cube in alcohol, g.9.4 Calculate the bitumen fraction of the mixture (p)asfollows:p 5 SbSa2 Sm!/SmSa2 Sb! (4)9.5 Calculate the approximate mass of top coating bitumen(B) as follows:B 5 pMm(5)9.6 Calculate the mass of adhered aggregate (A) as follows:A 5 Mm2 B (6

23、)10. Report10.1 Report the approximate mass per unit area of bitumen.If the 100 by 100-mm specimen was used, multiply B by 100to get g/m2. If the 558 by 558-in. specimen was used, Bexpressed in grams is numerically equivalent to lb/100 ft2.10.2 Report the approximate mass per unit area of aggre-gate

24、. If the 100 by 100-mm specimen was used, multiply A by100 to get g/m2. If the 558 by 558-in. specimen was used, Aexpressed in grams is numerically equivalent to lb/100 ft2.10.3 Report the type of bitumen and aggregate if known.11. Precision and Bias11.1 The precision of this test method indicates t

25、he probableerror of a single determination is 61.4 % of the true value.Duplicate samples should not differ by more than 2 % betweenlaboratories.11.2 There are no known biases in this test method.12. Keywords12.1 aggregate; asphalt; bitumen; built-up roofing; coal-tarpitchASTM International takes no

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29、ess shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 11 (2015)2