ASTM D4133-1982(2004) Standard Practice for Sampling Phytoplankton with Pumps《用泵取样可繁殖海洋浮游生物的标准实施规程》.pdf

1、Designation: D 4133 82 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Practice forSampling Phytoplankton with Pumps1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4133; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A

2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the procedures for obtaining quali-tative samples of a phytoplankton community by use ofpumping systems.1.2 This

3、 standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Document2

4、.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4137 Practice for Preserving Phytoplankton Samples3. Summary of Practice3.1 Water is pumped from a discrete depth and passedthrough a net. The captured phytoplankton are removed fromthe net and preserved as dictated by the objectives of the study.4. Significance and Use4.1 The a

5、dvantages of a pumping phytoplankton samplerare as follows:4.1.1 Sample size is more accurately controlled than withthe use of a conical tow net.4.1.2 Discrete samples from any depth are easily obtained.4.1.3 Multiple or replicate samples are easily obtained.4.1.4 They are adaptable to shallow ecosy

6、stems.4.1.5 They allow for a stable collecting efficiency.4.2 The disadvantages of a pumping phytoplankton samplerare as follows:4.2.1 They generally are bulky and frequently require anelectrical source.4.2.2 They generally are costly.4.2.3 They collect only qualitative samples, or semiquanti-tative

7、 samples when used with a volume register.4.3 There are several special considerations that shall beobserved when using a pumping phytoplankton sampler. Theyare as follows:4.3.1 Pumps can induce mortality of the organisms anddamage the delicate forms.4.3.2 If tubing is not properly cleaned after use

8、, contamina-tion of subsequent samples can ensue.5. Apparatus5.1 Pumping systems of various kinds have been used tocollect qualitative or semiquantitative samples of phytoplank-ton. Several papers summarizing these techniques have beenpublished.3,4Although a variety of pump apparatus have beenused,

9、the basic design consists of a pump, generally with avolume register, a base, and a concentrating net, such as asimple tow net sampler or Wisconsin net sampler.6. Procedure6.1 Pump water from a discrete depth and pass through anet. Remove the sample from the net. Preserve the plankton asdescribed in

10、 Practice D 4137.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E47 on BiologicalEffects and Environmental Fate and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE47.01 on Aquatic Assessment and Toxicology.Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published April 2004.2For referenced ASTM st

11、andards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Aron, W., “The Use of a Large Capacity Portable Pump for Plankton Sampling,with Not

12、es on Plankton Patchiness,” Journal of Marine Research, Vol 16, 1958, pp.158174.4Gibbons, S. G., and Fraser, J. H., “The Centrifugal Pump and Suction Base asa Method of Collecting Plankton Samples,” Journal of Conseil Permanent Inter-national Four LExploration De La Mer, Vol 12, 1937, pp. 155170.1Co

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16、you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 4133 82 (2004)2