ASTM D4206-1996(2018) Standard Test Method for Sustained Burning of Liquid Mixtures Using the Small Scale Open-Cup Apparatus.pdf

1、Designation: D4206 96 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forSustained Burning of Liquid Mixtures Using the Small ScaleOpen-Cup Apparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4206; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the ca

2、se of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method may be used in conjunction with a flash point determination. If the flash

3、 point ofa mixture of flammable and nonflammable liquids or liquids of widely different flash points is belowthe upper limit of a flammability classification (for example, 100F specified by the U.S. Departmentof Transportation), this test may be conducted to determine the sustained burning character

4、istics of themixture.This test method is a modification of the test for combustibility now incorporated as Schedule 2 ofthe “Highly Flammable Liquids and Liquefied Petroleum Gases Regulation, 1972” of the UnitedKingdom under The FactoriesAct, 1961, which is also issued as British Standard BS-3900, P

5、artA-11,Small Scale Test for Combustibility. This sustained burning test was studied and proposed by theASTM Coordinating Committee for Flash Point and Related Properties. The major purpose of this testis similar to that of the British testto provide a method for determining the sustained burningcha

6、racteristics by directly observing this property rather than by deducing them from the flash point.1. Scope1.1 This test method2describes a procedure for determiningthe sustained burning characteristics of mixtures of flammableand nonflammable liquids and to mixtures containing liquidswith widely di

7、fferent flash points.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard should be used to measure and describethe resp

8、onse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat andflame under controlled conditions and should not be used todescribe or appraise the fire-hazard or fire-risk of materials,products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However,results of the test may be used as elements of a fire-hazardas

9、sessment or a fire-risk assessment which takes into accountall of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of thefire hazard or fire risk of a particular end use.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility

10、of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization estab

11、lished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 British Standards:3BS-3900 Part A-11, Small Scale Test for Combustibility3. Sum

12、mary of Test Method3.1 Ablock of aluminum alloy, or other nonrusting metal ofsuitable heat conductivity, with a concave depression (calledthe well) is heated to the required temperature of 120F (49C).A standard source of flame, capable of being swung over thecenter of the well and at a given distanc

13、e from it, is attached tothe metal block.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.Current edition approved June

14、 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4206 96 (2013).DOI: 10.1520/D4206-96R18.2McKelvie, A. N., “A Test for Ability to Support Combustion for LiquidsIncluding Paints and Allied Products,” Journal of Oil Co. Chemical Assoc., 1972,Vol 55,

15、 pp. 10861095.3Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,London W4 4AL, U.K., http:/www.bsi- orAmerican National StandardsInstitute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700

16、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the Wor

17、ld Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.2 Two millilitres of the product under test are transferredto the well. After the product has reached the statedtemperature, the flame is passed over the well, held there for aspecified time, and then removed. The time of sustained

18、burning is then noted.4. Significance and Use4.1 Mixtures of flammable liquids and nonflammableliquids, such as an alcohol and water mixture, are classified bythe U. S. Government by the definition of flammable liquidbased on a closed-cup flash point method. Thus, mixtures maybe classed as flammable

19、 even though they do not sustainburning. This test method determines the ability of a liquidmixture to sustain burning and, when used with a closed-cupflash point method, indicates the flammability characteristics ofthe mixture.5. Apparatus5.1 Small Scale Open-Cup Apparatus,4or an equivalenttester c

20、onsisting of a 316 stainless steel block or othernonrusting block of suitable heat conductivity, fitted with aconcave depression or well (Note 1). The metal block has athermometer embedded in it. A small gas jet on a swivel isattached to the metal block. The exact dimensions of the metalblock and it

21、s well, the gas jet and its positioning, and theembedded thermometer are shown in Fig. 1 and are specified inAnnex A1.NOTE 1While the Small Scale Open-Cup Tester is generally made ofan aluminum alloy, continued use of it for sustained burning tests mayproduce a carbon deposit in the well that may be

22、 difficult to removewithout damaging the aluminum well. A stainless steel well may becleaned with crocus cloth.5.1.1 GageA metal strip, capable of checking the heightof the gas jet above the top of the well lip (2.2 6 0.1 mm).5.1.2 Hot Plate, fitted with a temperature-controlling deviceor other mean

23、s of heating the metal block.5.1.3 Stopwatch, or other suitable timing device.45.2 Thermometer,432 to 230F (5 to 110C), traceable tothe National Institute of Standards and Technology.45.3 Graduated Pipet or Hypodermic Syringe,2capable ofdelivering 2 6 0.1 mL.6. Preparation of Sample6.1 Obtain a repr

24、esentative sample of the product under test,mixing it thoroughly, especially if it has a tendency to layer,and keep in an airtight container.6.2 Because of the possibility of loss of volatileconstituents, the sample should receive only the minimumtreatment to assure uniformity. After removing the sp

25、ecimen,immediately close the sample container tightly to en sure thatno volatile flammable components escape from the container.(Otherwise a new sample may be necessary if further testing isrequired.)6.3 Do not open containers unnecessarily. Do not maketransfers unless the sample temperature is at 1

26、00F (37.8C) orbelow, except for samples that are too viscous to be handled atthat temperature. In these cases, transfer the samples at thelowest possible temperature at which the sample can beaccurately measured into the cup.6.4 Discard samples in leaky containers.6.5 Do not store samples in plastic

27、 (polyethylene,polypropylene, etc.) bottles, since volatile material may diffusethrough the walls of the bottles.7. Correction for Barometric Pressure7.1 When the barometric pressure differs from 760 mm Hg(101.3 kPa), determine the temperature at which the test shouldbe conducted by the following eq

28、uations:F 5 120F 2 0.06 760 2 P! (1)C 5 49C 2 0.03 760 2 P!F 5 120F 2 0.42 101.3 2 B!C 5 49C 2 0.23 101.3 2 B!where:F, C = temperatures to obtain the equivalent of 120F (49C)at standard pressure,P = barometric pressure, mm Hg, andB = barometric pressure, kPa.4Suitable apparatus is available from Erd

29、co Engineering Corp., 721 CusterAve.,Evanston, IL 60204 or Stanhope-Seta Limited, Park Close, Englefield Egham,Surrey TW20 OXD, England.FIG. 1 Small Scale Open Cup ApparatusD4206 96 (2018)28. Procedure8.1 Set up the apparatus (see 5.1) in a draft-free area. Placethe metal block on the hot plate fitt

30、ed with a temperature-controlling device, or heat the metal block by other suitablemeans so that the temperature is maintained within 62F(61C) of the temperature 120F (49C) corrected, ifnecessary, for the difference in pressure from 760 mm Hg(101.3 kPa).8.2 After the cup is within 62F (61C) of the c

31、orrect testtemperature, withdraw from the sample container a 2-mLspecimen using the graduated syringe or pipet. Transfer thespecimen to the well of the tester; immediately start the timingdevice.8.3 Light the test flame with the jet in the “off” positionaway from the well. Adjust the size of the fla

32、me so that it isspherical and approximately532 in. (4 mm) in diameter bymatching it to the532 in. diameter circle engraved on thesurface of the tester.8.4 After exactly 1 min (0 to +1 s) at which time the testportion will be deemed to have reached the test temperature asindicated by the thermometer

33、embedded in the metal block,swing the test flame into a position exactly over the well. Holdit in this position for exactly 15 s, and then return it to the “off”position.8.5 Observe and time the duration of the burning of thespecimen following the return of the flame to the “off”position.8.6 Repeat

34、the test with a fresh specimen to determine themean time of burning.9. Interpretation of Results9.1 A product is considered to sustain burning if thespecimen (a) ignites when the flame is over the well andburning is sustained for more than 15 s after it is removed, or(b) flashes and burns when the t

35、est flame is in the “off” positionprior to swinging it over the well.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Identification of the material under test,10.1.2 Test temperature and barometric pressure in millime-tres of mercury (kilopascals),10.1.3 If the specimen burns less than 15 s,

36、the actual timeof burning, and10.1.4 Statement of sustained burning characteristics.11. Precision11.1 The precision of this test method will be determined.12. Keywords12.1 small scale open-cup apparatus; sustained burningD4206 96 (2018)3ANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. DIMENSIONS OF TESTERASTM Intern

37、ational takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely t

38、heir own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand shoul

39、d be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Stand

40、ards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-8

41、32-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ A1.1 Dimensions of Teste

42、r(a) Metal Block DetailsDimensions,mmDiameter of block 61.562.5Height of block 35.038.0Diameter of flange 94.595.5Flange thickness 3.0 approx.Height of well “lip” above flange 0.61.0Diameter of well “lip” 41.0 approx.Spherical radius of well 33.033.5Depth of well 6.26.4Distance from top of block to

43、thermometer hole 16.017.0Thermometer hole diameter 7.0 approx.(b) Test Gas Jet DetailsDimensions,mmOutside diameter of jet 3.04.0Jet end tapered to 1.72.3Bore of jet 0.60.8Length of jet (from center of axis to tip) 36.0036.25Distance of axis from center of wall 38.0038.25Flame gage ring diameter 4.0 0.1Height of jet above top of well “lip”A2.20.1“Swing” of jet (from stop to stop) 90 1AAdjust with suitable gage.D4206 96 (2018)4