ASTM D4209-2007(2013) Standard Practice for Determining Volatile and Nonvolatile Content of Cellulosics Emulsions Resin Solutions Shellac and Varnishes《纤维素、乳化液、树脂溶液、虫漆和清漆的挥发物和非挥发物含.pdf

1、Designation: D4209 07 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forDetermining Volatile and Nonvolatile Content of Cellulosics,Emulsions, Resin Solutions, Shellac, and Varnishes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4209; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of

2、original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice is intended to serve as a guide to theselect

3、ion of the proper ASTM test method for determining thevolatile and nonvolatile content of cellulosics, emulsions, resinsolutions, shellac, and varnishes.NOTE 1Standards for determining the composition of the volatilefraction are not covered by this practice.1.2 The standards referenced in the practi

4、ce are as follows:Classification Section ASTM StandardCellulosics 5.1 D871D914D1347Emulsions 5.2 D2369Resin Solutions 5.3 D1259D1490Shellac 5.4 D29D1650Varnishes 5.5 D115D16441.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.

5、2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, andApplicationsD29 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Lac Resins(Withdrawn 2005)3D115 Test Methods for Testing Solvent Containing Var-nishes Used for Electrical InsulationD360 Specification for Shel

6、lac VarnishesD871 Test Methods of Testing Cellulose AcetateD914 Test Methods for EthylcelluloseD1259 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of ResinSolutionsD1347 Test Methods for Methylcellulose (Withdrawn2003)3D1490 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin SolutionsD1644 Test M

7、ethods for Nonvolatile Content of VarnishesD1650 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing ShellacVarnish (Withdrawn 1997)3D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD4758 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Latexes(Withdrawn 2007)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The definitions contained

8、in Terminology D16 areapplicable to this practice.3.1.2 cellulose ester, nderivatives of cellulose in whichone or more of the hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced byacyl groups.3.1.3 cellulose ether, nderivatives of cellulose in whichone or more of the hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced byalkyl

9、groups.3.1.4 cellulose nitrate (nitrocellulose), nderivatives ofcellulose in which one or more of the hydroxyl hydrogens havebeen replaced by nitrate groups.3.1.5 emulsion vehicle, nan emulsion of binder in water.The binder may be oil, oleoresinous varnish, resin, or otheremulsifiable liquid.3.1.6 l

10、atex, na stable aqueous dispersion of syntheticresin, produced by emulsion polymerization, as the principalconstituent of the binder.3.1.7 shellac varnish, na solution or “cut” of a specifiedtype and grade of dry lac resin in a suitable alcohol.3.1.8 varnish, na liquid composition that is converted

11、byoxidation or thermal cross-linking to a transparent or translu-cent solid film after application as a thin layer.4. Significance and Use4.1 The nonvolatile content of raw materials may be used todetermine the total nonvolatile content (solids) of paint and1This practice is under the jurisdiction o

12、f ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition appro

13、ved in 2007 as D4209 07. DOI:10.1520/D4209-07R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last ap

14、proved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1related coatings. Such information may be useful

15、to coatingsproducers and users for the determination of the total solidsavailable for film formation and for the estimation of thevolatile organic content.5. Procedure5.1 Cellulosics:5.1.1 Test Methods D1644, Method A, should be used fordetermining the amount of alcohol present in nitrocelluloseship

16、ments. This method may also be used for other cellulosederivatives if mutually agreed upon by producer and user.5.1.2 Moisture in three different cellulose derivatives maybe determined using test methods given in the followingstandards:Cellulose Derivative ASTM Standard SectionCellulose acetate D871

17、 34Ethylcellulose D914 46Methylcellulose D1347 345.2 Emulsions and Latices:5.2.1 Test Method D2369, Procedure B may be used todetermine the nonvolatile and volatile content of most emul-sions. Important considerations are the presence of volatileplasticizers and surfactants and the presence of oxidi

18、zablecomponents in oleoresinous vehicles and drying oil modifiedalkyds.5.2.2 Test Method D4758 should be used to determine thenonvolatile and volatile content of synthetic latex samples.5.3 Resin Solutions:5.3.1 Test Methods D1259, Method A is recommended forsolutions of non-heat reactive resins tha

19、t remain stable andrelease solvents under the test conditions. Examples includealkyds and rosin esters.5.3.2 Test Methods D1259, Method B is recommended forsolutions of heat reactive resins that undergo condensation orother reactions or both under the influence of heat. Examplesinclude the formaldeh

20、yde reaction products of urea, melamine,and phenols. Method B is also recommended for resin solu-tions that release solvent slowly, for example, epoxy resin andvinyl resin solutions when these contain high boiling solvents.5.3.3 Method A and Method B of Test Methods D1259differ primarily in the long

21、er drying time specified for MethodB (2 h versus 30 min). In both methods, a weighed specimenof resin solution is spread under pressure between two weighedsheets of aluminum foil, which are then separated and dried at105C. The method is unique in that it provides for drying ofvery thin films of resi

22、n, minimizing chances for volatiles to betrapped.5.4 Shellac:5.4.1 Sections 14 and 15 of Test Methods D29 describe twomethods for the determination of volatile matter (moisture) inlac resins. Method A (Section 14) is recommended for orangeshellac, button lac, garnet lac, and dry bleached lac. Method

23、 B(Section 15) is recommended for bleached lac in the form ofhanks, bars, and crushed fresh ground (see SpecificationD360).5.4.2 Sections 14 to 16 of Test Methods D1650 are recom-mended for the determination of the nonvolatile and volatilecontent of shellac varnishes.5.5 Varnishes:5.5.1 Test Methods

24、 D1644 describes two methods for thedetermination of the nonvolatile and volatile content of var-nishes. Method A requires heating a 1.2 g specimen at 105Cfor3hinanoven, while Method B requires heating a smallerspecimen at 149C for 10 min on a hotplate. Method A maygive high results due either to in

25、complete elimination ofvolatile matter or to absorption of oxygen by oxidizing-typevarnishes.5.5.2 Sections 18 to 22 of Test Methods D115 is applicableto the following classifications of varnishes used for electricalinsulation: alcohol-soluble varnishes, oxidizing air-dryingvarnishes, thermosetting

26、varnishes, oxidizing baking varnishes,air-drying asphaltic varnishes, silicone varnishes, and thermo-setting laminating varnishes. Determine nonvolatile matter inelectrical insulating varnishes intended for electrical equipmentoperating at 180C and above in accordance with Test MethodsD115 except th

27、at the temperature used shall be 135 6 3C (2756 5.5F) or at a temperature agreed upon between the producerand user.6. Precision6.1 Some of the referenced ASTM standards have precisionlimits. Reference to the individual standards for precisionstatements is recommended.7. Keywords7.1 nonvolatile conte

28、nt of cellulosics; emulsions; volatilecontent of cellulosicsD4209 07 (2013)2SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D4209 - 82 (2002) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2007.)(1) Updated the Termin

29、ology section.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of su

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31、tional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to th

32、e ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4209 07 (2013)3