ASTM D4211-1982(2004) Classification for Fish Sampling《鱼样的分类》.pdf

1、Designation: D 4211 82 (Reapproved 2004)Classification forFish Sampling1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4211; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses

2、indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification covers rotenone and antimycin whichare used to collect or eradicate fish; numerous chemicals havebeen used but presently only rotenone a

3、nd antimycin are EPAapproved for this use.2. Referenced Document2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4131 Practice for Sampling Fish with Rotenone3. Significance and Use3.1 The significance of using chemical fish toxicants is thatmore complete population analyses or total eradication, orboth, can be accomplished.

4、Target species can be selectivelyeradicated by varying concentrations. This provides a veryeffective tool in fisheries investigations and managementprograms. Water conditions (that is, pH, temperature, alkalin-ity, and so forth) and morphology can be limiting factors.3.2 RotenoneRotenone used as a f

5、ish toxicant is highlyversatile and can be used effectively to collect fish samples; toeradicate fish; and to selectively remove certain fish species.3.2.1 Its effectiveness is reduced in cold 20C, and dosagerequired increases with alkalinities. It may also eliminate foodweb organisms. Fish may be r

6、epulsed from treated areas.3.3 AntimycinAntimycin is versatile in the selective re-moval of scalefish or even more selectively against certaincentrarchids (sunfish) and minnows.3.3.1 Its effectiveness is reduced in water with pH above8.5.4. Basis of Classification4.1 EPA-Approved Fish Toxicants.4.1.

7、1 RotenoneThis fish toxicant is also known as derrisor cube and is derived from roots of several plants of the familyLeguminosae. Its action mode as a powerful respiratory inhibi-tor in fish starts with entrance into the blood stream via the gillsand then by translocation to vital organs. Formulatio

8、ns are inthe following general forms: a liquid containing 5 % rotenone,liquid with 2.5 % rotenone and synergists, and wettable pow-der. Persistence in the environment is seldom more than twoweeks although it may remain longer in very cold, soft water.4.1.2 AntimycinThis fish-toxicant is an antibioti

9、c pro-duced by Streptomyces and is known as Fintrol 5t, Fintrol15t, and Fintrol-Concentratet. The Fintrol 5t and 15t arecoated sand-like grains for use in waters 5 to 15 ft (1.52 to 4.57m) deep. The Fintrol-Concentratet is a liquid for use in streamsor shallow waters. Antimycin is effective in small

10、 concentra-tions (5 ppb) and enters fish through the gills to irreversiblyblock cellular respiration. It is nonpersistent in the environ-ment.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of thi

11、s standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five yea

12、rs andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical commit

13、tee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942

14、8-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).1This classification is under the juris

15、diction of ASTM Committee E47 onBiological Effects and Environmental Fate and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E47.01 on Aquatic Assessment and Toxicology.Current edition approved April 1, 2003. Published April 2003. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D

16、4211 82 (1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.