1、Designation: D4302 05 (Reapproved 2010)Standard Specification forArtists Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd Paints1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4302; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes requirements for compo-sition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artistsoil,
3、resin-oil, and alkyd paints.1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and addi-tives. Requirements are included for pigment identification,lightfastness, consistency, and drying time.1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastnessrequirements in this specification. In order to iden
4、tify otherpigments that meet these requirements, instructions are givenfor test specimen preparation. Test methods for determiningrelative lightfastness are referenced.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This pe
5、rtains only to the test method found in Section 8.This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulato
6、rylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D79 Specification for Zinc Oxide PigmentsD185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in PigmentsD387 Test Method for Color and Strength of ChromaticPigments with a Mechanical MullerD476 Classification for Dry Pigmentary Titanium Dioxid
7、eProductsD602 Specification for Barium Sulfate PigmentsD1133 Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocar-bon SolventsD1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type GageD1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formationof Organic Coatings at Room Temp
8、eratureD1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and Oil Acidsin Solvent
9、-Reducible PaintsD2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD2689 Practices for Testing Alkyd Resins3D4236 Practice for Labeling Art Materials for ChronicHealth HazardsD4303 Test Methods for Lightfastness of Colorants Used inArtists MaterialsD4838 Test Method for Determining the Relative Tint
10、ingStrength of Chromatic PaintsD4941 Practice for Preparing Drawdowns of Artists PastePaintsE284 Terminology of Appearance3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Colour Index Name, nconsists of the category (typeof dye or pigment), general hue, and an assigned number givento a colorant in the Colour Ind
11、ex4as an international identifi-cation system.3.1.1.1 DiscussionFor example, the Colour Index Nameof one phthalocyanine blue pigment is Pigment Blue 15 (PB15).3.1.2 Colour Index Number, na five-digit number given inthe Colour Index that describes the chemical constitution of acolorant.3.1.2.1 Discus
12、sionFor example, the Colour Index Num-ber of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is 74160.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.57 on Artist Paints and Related Mate
13、rials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2010. Published Decmeber 2010. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4302 05. DOI:10.1520/D4302-05R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For
14、Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Colour Index, 3rd ed., 5 Vols and Revisions, The Society of Dyers andColourists, London, 19
15、7175. Available from the American Association of TextileChemists and Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.3 Refer to Terminology E284 for appearance terms us
16、edin this specification.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 alkali refined oil, ntriglyceride oil of vegetableorigin that has been treated with alkali to reduce the free acidityby formation of water-soluble salts, subsequently removed bywashing.3.2.1.1 DiscussionAn appreciable d
17、egree of free aciditymay cause a greater development of yellowing in a dried filmof oil. Most artists oil paints are ground in alkali refined oil.3.2.2 alkyd paint, npaint containing a resin produced bycombining a polybasic acid, a polyhydric alcohol, and the fattyacid of a drying vegetable oil. For
18、 this specification, the resinproduced must be soluble in mineral spirits or turpentine.3.2.3 drier (siccative), na substance, usually an organo-metallic compound, that accelerates the rate of drying of an oilpaint or oil medium.3.2.4 oil paint, npaint containing an alkali refined triglyc-eride dryi
19、ng oil of vegetable origin.3.2.5 resin-oil paint, npaint containing 90 weight %minimum of vehicle solids, vegetable drying oil, and 10 weight% maximum of vehicle solids replaced by gum or resin.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements andprovides a basis for com
20、mon understanding among producers,distributors, and users.4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the require-ments be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects.Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification,may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, eith
21、erof which may be acceptable under this specification.5. Labeling Requirements5.1 Pigment(s) Identification:5.1.1 Every label shall include for each pigment containedin the paint (1) the information underlined in Table 1 (whichincludes the Common Name, Colour Index Name, and anyadditional terms nece
22、ssary to identify the form of the pigment)and (2) the appropriate Lightfastness Category.5.1.2 The complete pigment identification given in Table 1,which also includes the Colour Index Number and a simplechemical description, shall be given in an appropriate producerpublication. Manufacturers are en
23、couraged to put this completeidentification on the container label when label size permits.5.1.3 The Common Name shall be placed on the front of thelabel and shall be the name of the paint except as described in5.1.5 and 5.1.6. Other identification may be placed elsewhereon the container.5.1.4 The C
24、olour Index name may be spelled out in full orabbreviated depending on the size of the label. Example:Pigment Blue 15, or Pig. Blue 15 or PB 15.5.1.5 Substituted PigmentIn the case of substituted pig-ments, the word “Hue” in equal size letters shall follow in thetitle, on the front of the tube, imme
25、diately after the name of thepigment that has been simulated. Directly below the title, theCommon Name from Table 1 of the pigment(s) used shall begiven in letters no less than the next type size smaller than thetitle; or if more that one pigment is used, then 5.1.7 coveringmixed pigments, can be fo
26、llowed. For example:CADMIUM RED MEDIUM HUE COBALT BLUE HUE(Naphthol Red AS-OL) (Mixture)5.1.6 Proprietary names or optional names may be usedprovided the Common Name(s) given in Table 1 appears on thefront of the label directly under the proprietary or optionalname in letters no less than the next t
27、ype size smaller than theproprietary or optional name; or if more than one pigment isused, then 5.1.7 covering mixed pigments, can be followed.5.1.7 Mixed PigmentsArtists paints containing more thanone pigment comply with this specification if all coloredpigments included in the mixture are on the s
28、uitable pigmentlist (Table 1) and provided the mixture itself has passed allother test requirements in this specification. The CommonNames for the pigments in the mixture, or the word “Mixture,”must appear under the title in letters no less than the next typesize smaller than the title. For example:
29、PERMANENT GREEN LIGHT PERMANENT GREEN LIGHT(Cadmium Yellow Light, (Mixture)Phthalocyanine Blue)If the word “Mixture” is used under the title, the CommonNames of the pigments in the mixture, as given in Table 1,must be listed along with their Colour Index Names and theLightfastness Category of the mi
30、xture somewhere on the label.The lightfastness category shall be that of the least lightfastpigment. This lightfastness category may be changed if themixture is tested for lightfastness in accordance with TestMethods D4303 and results indicating a different category aresubmitted to ASTM Subcommittee
31、 D01.57 for evaluation.5.2 Provide on the label:5.2.1 Artists Oil PaintsVegetable origin of the oil andmethod of refinement.NOTE 1The type of oil can be identified in accordance with TestMethod D2245.5.2.2 Artists Alkyd PaintsType of fatty acid used. If freevegetable oil is used in combination with
32、an alkyd resin,declare this also on the label. State if compatible with artistsoil paints.NOTE 2The type of alkyd can be identified in accordance withPractices D2689.5.2.3 Artists Resin-Oil PaintsVegetable origin andmethod of refinement of the oil and type of resin or gum. If thecolors in a resin-oi
33、l paint line contain more than one, ordifferent, gums or resins, the identification on the individuallabels may uniformly include all of the gums or resins used inthe paint line. Example: “Damar or Mastic Gum.” State ifcompatible with artists oil paints.NOTE 3The type of oil can be identified in acc
34、ordance with TestMethod D2245.5.3 LightfastnessThe label shall contain the word “Light-fastness” followed by the appropriate rating, I or II, as givenfor each pigment in Table 1.5.3.1 Lightfastness I pigments, when made into paint speci-mens as described in Section 8 and exposed, tested, and ratedin
35、 accordance with Test Methods D4303, shall have a colorD4302 05 (2010)2difference (DE*ab) of 4 or less CIELAB units between thespecimens measured before and after exposure.5.3.2 Lightfastness II pigments, when made into paintspecimens as described in Section 8 and exposed, tested, andrated in accord
36、ance with Test Methods D4303, shall have acolor difference (DE*ab) of more than 4.0 but not more than 8.0CIELAB units between the specimens measured before andafter exposure.5.3.3 Pigments were placed in a lightfastness category onthe basis of either known historical performance in art works orthe r
37、atings from four lightfastness tests conducted as describedin Test Methods D4303. Results from further tests on these, orother pigments, are solicited by Subcommittee D01.57.5.3.3.1 The lightfastness category of a pigment shall bechanged if results from several further tests conducted inaccordance w
38、ith Test Methods D4303 and approved by ASTMSubcommittee D01.57, establish a different lightfastness cat-egory than the one given in Table 1.5.3.3.2 Additional pigments shall be placed in Table 1 afterthey have been tested for lightfastness in accordance with TestMethods D4303 and the test results su
39、bmitted to ASTMSubcommittee D01.57 for evaluation, provided the resultsdemonstrate that the pigments have the lightfastness ratingsrequired for Lightfastness I or Lightfastness II, as describedabove.5.3.4 For information and to establish nomenclature, pig-ments in Lightfastness III, IV, and V catego
40、ries are given inTable X1.1 inAppendix X1. However, such pigments are not tobe used in paint conforming to this specification.5.4 ContentsTo be expressed in volumetric measure asrequired by law.5.5 ToxicityAll products and labeling must conform to theFederal Hazardous Substances Act and to Practice
41、D4236.5.6 Statement of Conformance“Conforms to ASTMSpecification D4302,” or “Conforms to ASTM D4302,” or“Conforms to the quality requirements of ASTM D4302.” Thisstatement may be combined with other conformance state-ments, such as, “Conforms to the quality and health require-ments of ASTM Specifica
42、tion D4302 and Practice D4236.”5.7 AddressInclude on the label (1) the name and addressof the manufacturer or importer and (2) the country ofmanufacture.6. Quality Assurance for Artists Oil Paints and ArtistsResin-Oil Paints6.1 Conditions Not Covered in This Specification that AffectArtists Oil and
43、Resin-Oil Paints:6.1.1 SubstrateFactors such as the texture, gloss, effectivepH, porosity, chemical composition, and condition of thesubstrate will affect gloss, gloss uniformity, drying time,adhesion, and the flexibility of the dried film.6.1.2 Environmental ConditionsFactors such as tempera-ture,
44、humidity, air flow, and light conditions affect applicationproperties, film formation, drying time, and adhesion.6.1.3 StorageWith aging and elevated temperatures, theremay be a change in consistency and a separation of oil from thepaste paint.6.2 VehiclesOnly vegetable drying oils shall be used ina
45、rtists oil paints. Resin-oil paints shall contain 90 weight %minimum of vehicle solids, vegetable drying oil (see Note 1),and 10 weight % maximum of vehicle solids replaced by gumor resin.6.3 PigmentsPigments to be used in oil paints shall belimited to those listed in the column labeled “Oil” andpig
46、ments to be used in resin-oil paints shall be limited to thoselisted in the column labeled “Resin-Oil” in Table 1. Theirlightfastness rating shall be the numeral given in the same row.Those pigments listed as “not tested” shall not be used.6.4 DriersDriers may be used in minimal amounts inpaints tha
47、t contain a pigment which has a retarding effect onthe drying of oil. This is allowed so these paints can conformto the drying requirements of this specification.6.5 InertsMinimal amounts of inert pigments may beused to produce desirable working qualities and consistency, toprevent separation, to de
48、velop chromatic properties, or toensure the durability of the paint film.6.6 Preparation of SampleEmpty the contents of a previ-ously unopened container onto a glass slab and mix thoroughlywith a spatula to a homogeneous sample.6.7 NonvolatileThe nonvolatile content shall not be lessthan 97 weight %
49、 for the oil paints and 90 weight % for theresin-oil paints, as determined by Test Method D2369.6.8 Coarse ParticlesPaints shall be free of oversize par-ticles and shall form a uniform film. The maximum content ofcoarse particles shall be 1 weight % as determined by TestMethods D185.6.9 Fineness of DispersionOn a glass plate, using aspatula, mix the paint with an equal volume of linseed oil untilhomogeneous. If the paint is very thick, it may be necessary toadd a minimum amount of mineral spirits or turpentine to makethe paint suffic
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