1、Designation: D 4306 07An American National StandardStandard Practice forAviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by TraceContamination1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 Th
3、is practice2covers the types of and preparation ofcontainers found most suitable for the handling of aviation fuelsamples for the determination of critical properties affected bytrace contamination.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its u
4、se. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, and 5.6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 2624 Te
5、st Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Avia-tion and Distillate FuelsD 3948 Test Method for Determining Water SeparationCharacteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by PortableSeparometerD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD 4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductiv
6、ity of LiquidHydrocarbons by Precision Meter2.2 SAE Standard:4MAP1794, Aircraft Recommended Practice, Ball-On-Cylinder (Boc) Aircraft Turbine Fuel Lubricity Tester3. Significance and Use3.1 General descriptions for the manual sampling of petro-leum products are given in Practice D 4057. However, anu
7、mber of aviation fuel properties are established or affectedby trace levels of polar or other compounds. Measurementsignificance therefore requires that the sample containers notadd or adsorb any materials. This practice presents types andpreparations of sampling containers found satisfactory for th
8、edetermination of water separation, copper corrosion, electricalconductivity, thermal stability, lubricity, and trace metal con-tent. An approval procedure for new containers is also given.3.2 Two properties, particulate contamination and free watercontent, involve materials easily removed by any sa
9、mplingcontainer. These properties should be determined by placingthe sample directly into the measuring apparatus and not usingcontainers to transport the sample to the measuring equipment.3.3 Recommendations in this practice provide guidance forimmediate use and for storage of samples. Immediate us
10、einvolves sample storage for periods less than 24 h.4. Apparatus4.1 Sampling Containers:4.1.1 Epoxy-Coated Containers:4.1.1.1 While generally superior to other coatings, certainepoxy-coatings evolve plasticizers which can adversely affectcritical fuel properties. Because no specification is known to
11、describe a satisfactory epoxy-coating, 6.2 lists an approvalprocedure which can be used to identify a satisfactory coating.4.1.1.2 For initial qualification of new container sources,coated cans should be examined closely to assure that thecoating covers all inside surfaces. If not, the cans should b
12、econsidered the same as tin-plated, soldered side seam cans.4.1.1.3 Epoxy-coated cans are generally considered satis-factory for sampling aviation gasoline.4.1.2 Borosilicate (Hard) Glass BottlesAmber colored orbottles covered with an opaque material such as aluminum foilare preferred to avoid possi
13、ble reactions with sunlight.4.1.3 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) BottlesBlack,carbon-filled bottles avoid possible reactions with sunlight.4.1.4 Polyethylene Bottles, high-density, linear.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the di
14、rect responsibility of Subcommittee D02.J0.04on Additives and Electrical Properties.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 1984. Last previous edition approved 2001 as D 430601.2The detailed data on which this practice is based may be found in SAE PracticeM
15、AP1794 and three research reports. Supporting data have been filed at ASTMInternational Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research ReportsRR:D02-1169, RR:D02-1142, and RR:D02-1504.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at se
16、rviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
17、Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.5 Steel Cans, tin-plated, soldered side seam.4.1.6 Soda Lime (Soft) Glass Bottles.4.2 Closures:4.2.1 Closures with a metallic inside surface are preferred.Closures with the same inside surfaces as suitable containers orPTFE are
18、also suitable.4.2.2 Where required by shipping regulations such as DOT17C or 17E the closure should also include a metallic shippingseal.NOTE 1The use of improper or uncleaned closures or shipping sealswill destroy all precautions used in selecting and preparing containers. Theuse of properly select
19、ed and cleaned closures or seals is essential.5. Reagents and Materials5.1 Acetone, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable.Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).5.2 Toluene, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable.Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2). When used to cleancontainers for conductiv
20、ity, measure toluene conductivity ac-cording to Test Method D 2624 or D 4308 and use only ifconductivity is less than 20 pS/m.5.3 Isopropanol, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flam-mable. Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).5.4 Heptane, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable.Vapors may cause flash fi
21、re). (See Note 2).NOTE 2Because these solvents are available at various purity levels,the use of CP grade is required to eliminates possible problems withresidual impurities.5.5 Detergent, heavy duty, water soluble, laboratory type.5.6 Jet A or Jet A-1, used as reference fluid. (WarningCombustible.
22、Vapor harmful).5.6.1 Reference fluid for approval testing with Jet A or JetA-1 fuel is prepared in accordance with Test Method D 3948,Appendix X1 on Preparation of Reference Fluid Base, andshould have an electrical conductivity of 0.1 to 1.0 by TestMethod D 4308 (or give a reading of less than 1 acc
23、ording toTest Method D 2624) and an MSEP rating of 98-100 by TestMethod D 3948.5.6.2 Compressed Air, clean, dry, oil free and filtered, maybe used to expedite air drying.6. Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Introduction:6.1.1 Experience indicates no single container type to meetsall desired requirements i
24、ncluding size and cost. Certaincontainer types have been found suitable for some test methodsbut not for others. Some containers are adequate if the samplesare used immediately but are not suitable for sample storage.The procedure therefore designates the containers to be usedfor each test procedure
25、 and describes prior cleaning, if any. Asummary of the procedures is found in Table 1. The detailedprocedures follow below. However, the possibility that a fuelmay contain an unusual contaminant, making a normallysatisfactory container unsuitable should not be overlooked.TABLE 1 Summary of Container
26、 RecommendationsAType of Analysis: MSEPElectricalConductivityBLubricityThermalStabilityBTraceMetalsCopperCorrosionBHard borosilicate glassImmediate use PCPSDSNRESStorage P P S NEFNR SReuse S P S S NR SSoft soda lime glass (washed)Immediate use S S NE NE NR NEStorage NR NR NR NR NR NEReuse S S NR NR
27、NR NRAluminum containersImmediate use NR NR NR NR NR NRStorage NR NR NR NR NR NRReuse NR NR NR NR NR NREpoxy-lined steelImmediate use P P S P NR SStorage P P S P NR SReuse P P S P NR SPolytetrafluoroethyleneImmediate use S NR NR NE P SStorage NE NR NR NE P SReuse NE NR NR NE P STin-plate soldered st
28、eel (Superclean only)Immediate use S S S S NR NRStorage NR NR NR NR NR NRReuse NR NR NR NR NR NRHigh-density linear polyethyleneImmediate use S NR NR NR P SStorage NR NR NR NR P SReuse NR NR NR NR P SAThe containers listed in this summary should not be used without consulting the appropriate paragra
29、phs of this practice for detailed advice.BAll transparent or translucent containers must be shielded from light by wrapping with opaque material such as aluminum foil, or enclosure in a dark box or cabinet.Amber bottles reduce photochemical effects.CP = preferred.DS = suitable.ENR = not recommended.
30、FNE = not evaluated but may be suitable.D43060726.1.2 The largest sample meeting shipping rules, costs,availability, and other practical considerations should alwaysbe used to minimize surface effects.6.1.3 It is not possible to describe some of the containermaterials by standard specifications or b
31、y suitable genericdescriptions. Therefore, an approval procedure is outlined in6.2.6.1.4 Other sampling details such as sampling taps, label-ling, shipping instructions, and so forth will be found inPractice D 4057.6.2 Approval Procedure (Stored Samples):6.2.1 If internally coated the new container
32、should beexamined visually for coating integrity in accordance with4.1.1.2 and closure suitability in accordance with 4.2.1.6.2.2 Containers should be flushed three times with thecontainer 10 to 20 % filled with trisolvent (equal volumes of5.1, 5.2, and 5.3), then three times with heptane. For each
33、flush,the container should be closed and shaken for 1 min and thesolvent replaced for the next flush. After the last flush isdrained, the container should be air-dried.6.2.3 Reference fuel as indicated in 5.3 should be used fortesting.6.2.4 The containers should be filled with reference JetA, orA-1,
34、 closed, and stored for at least one month at roomtemperature. During this period the samples should be shakenstrongly at least once a week. At the end of storage the sampleshould be tested for electrical conductivity and water separa-tion. The final electrical conductivity should be no more than 2p
35、S/m greater than the original value. The water separationrating should decrease by no more than 3 MSEP units.6.2.5 Supplemental testing is necessary if the fuel normallycontains additives such as conductivity improvers which maybe desorbed. In that case a large additive-containing samplewhich has be
36、en stored for a month or longer to equilibrateadditive content should be used as the test fuel. Such fuelshould have a conductivity above 50 pS/m if the additive isconductivity improver additive; and the MSEP value shouldalso be determined.After similar storage for at least one month,the final elect
37、rical conductivity should not change more thanthe repeatability limits of Test Method D 2624 or D 4308,whichever method is used to rate the fuel. The final MSEPrating should be within the repeatability limits for the initiallyobtained value.6.2.6 The large container fuel sample should preferably ber
38、etained in its original container as a reference sample duringthe storage interval, and retested to determine whether acorrection, equal to any change in the reference material,should be applied. Similar testing can be applied for otheradditives and properties.6.3 Approval Procedure (Immediate Use):
39、6.3.1 All containers found suitable for storage are suitablefor immediate use. The following procedure applies to circum-stances where fuel samples will not be retained for longer than24 h, preferably for shorter times.6.3.2 The approval procedure is identical to that for storageexcept that the elap
40、sed time interval between filling containersand testing should be not less than 24 h.NOTE 3Effects due to containers are sometimes variable dependingon fuel sample properties especially if additives are present. Evaluationswith several fuels or fuel types are helpful to verify conclusions.6.4 Contai
41、ners for Thermal Stability Testing:6.4.1 Epoxy-lined containers in accordance with 4.1.1 arepreferred for immediate testing or sample storage. New con-tainers should be flushed three times with product beingsampled.6.4.1.1 Used containers should be flushed three times withthe container 10 to 20 % fi
42、lled with trisolvent (6.2.2)orheptane. For each flush the container should be closed andshaken for 1 min and the solvent replaced for the next flush.After the last flush is drained, the container should be air dried.Alternately, borosilicate glass bottles can be similarly rinsedthree times with the
43、fuel to be tested, then drained.6.4.1.2 If the same fuel type containing the same additives isto be resampled, flushing three times with the new sample isconsidered adequate preparation.6.4.2 New borosilicate glass bottles are satisfactory forimmediate use if cleaned by rinsing with water, acetone,
44、andair drying. Amber bottles are preferred. Clear bottles must beshielded from light by wrapping with aluminum foil orenclosure in a dark box or cabinet.6.4.3 New tin-plated cans with soldered side seams shouldonly be used if the container is cleaned and the sample is usedimmediately.6.4.3.1 Cleanin
45、g Before UseHalf fill the container withacetone. Alternatively, a mixture of equal volumes of acetone,toluene, and isopropanol may be used. Replace closure andshake vigorously for 1 min. Drain the solvent and air dry. Fillthe container about14 full with heptane, replace closure andrepeat shaking, dr
46、aining the solvent and air drying the con-tainer.NOTE 4Soldered cans often contain residues of soldering flux orroll-oils on inside surfaces. These materials may have low solubility inhydrocarbons but even at trace levels will adversely affect the propertiesdiscussed in this practice. The difficulti
47、es of completely removing thesecontaminants make the use of epoxylined containers preferable.6.4.4 PTFE bottles have not been evaluated but should besatisfactory after cleaning with heptane in accordance with6.4.1.1.6.4.5 Other plastic bottles such as high-density linear poly-ethylene have not been
48、evaluated and are not recommended.6.5 Containers for Water Separation Testing:6.5.1 Epoxy-lined containers are preferred for immediateuse or sample storage after flushing three times with the fluidbeing sampled.6.5.1.1 Used containers can be reused after cleaning inaccordance with 6.4.1.1 or 6.4.1.2
49、.6.5.1.2 If the same fuel type containing the same additives isto be sampled, flushing the container three times with the newproduct is considered adequate preparation.6.5.2 Borosilicate glass bottles are preferred for immediateuse and storage, after rinsing with water, acetone, and airdrying. Follow the instruction in 6.4.1.1 and 6.4.1.2 for reusingborosilicate bottles. Alternately, borosilicate glass bottles canbe similarly rinsed three times with the fuel to be tested, thendrained.D43060736.5.3 Tin-plated, side-seam soldered cans are satisfactoryfor immediate use afte
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