1、Designation:D430607 Designation: D4306 12An American National StandardStandard Practice forAviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by TraceContamination1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigina
2、l adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defen
3、se.1. Scope*1.1 This practice2covers the types of and preparation of containers found most suitable for the handling of aviation fuel samplesfor the determination of critical properties affected by trace contamination.1.21.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other unit
4、s of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regul
5、atorylimitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, and 5.6.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Tur
6、bine Fuels by Portable SeparometerD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision Meter Test Method for ElectricalConductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision MeterD5452 Test Method for Partic
7、ulate Contamination in Aviation Fuels by Laboratory Filtration2.2 SAE Standard:4MAP1794,MAP1794 Aircraft Recommended Practice, Ball-On-Cylinder (Boc) Aircraft Turbine Fuel Lubricity Tester3. Significance and Use3.1 General descriptions for the manual sampling of petroleum products are given in Pract
8、ice D4057. However, a number ofaviation fuel properties are established or affected by trace levels of polar or other compounds. Measurement significance thereforerequires that the sample containers not add or adsorb any materials. This practice presents types and preparations of samplingcontainers
9、found satisfactory for the determination of water separation, copper corrosion, electrical conductivity, thermal stability,lubricity, and trace metal content. An approval procedure for new containers is also given.3.2 Two properties, particulate contamination and free water content, involve material
10、s easily removed by any samplingcontainer. These properties should be determined by placing the sample directly into the measuring apparatus and not usingcontainers to transport the sample to the measuring equipment.3.3 Recommendations in this practice provide guidance for immediate use and for stor
11、age of samples. Immediate use involvessample storage for periods less than 24 h.4. Apparatus4.1 Sampling Containers:4.1.1 Epoxy-Coated Containers:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.J
12、0.04 onAdditives and Electrical Properties.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved 2001 as D430601. DOI: 10.1520/D4306-07.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012. Published March 2012. Originally approved in 1984. Last pre
13、vious edition approved 2007 as D430607. DOI: 10.1520/D4306-12.2The detailed data on which this practice is based may be found in SAE Practice MAP1794 and three research reports. Supporting data have been filed at ASTMInternational Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Reports RR:D0
14、2-1169, RR:D02-1142, and RR:D02-1504.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.4Available from Societ
15、y of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http:/www.sae.org.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technical
16、ly possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this stan
17、dard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.1.1 While generally superior to other coatings, certain epoxy-coatings evolve plasticizers which can adversely affect criticalfuel properties. Because no specification is known
18、to describe a satisfactory epoxy-coating, 6.2 lists an approval procedure whichcan be used to identify a satisfactory coating.4.1.1.2 For initial qualification of new container sources, coated cans should be examined closely to assure that the coatingcovers all inside surfaces. If not, the cans shou
19、ld be considered the same as tin-plated, soldered side seam cans.4.1.1.3 Epoxy-coated cans are generally considered satisfactory for sampling aviation gasoline.4.1.2 Borosilicate (Hard) Glass BottlesAmber colored or bottles covered with an opaque material such as aluminum foil arepreferred to avoid
20、possible reactions with sunlight.4.1.3 Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) BottlesBlack, carbon-filled bottles avoid possible reactions with sunlight.4.1.4 Polyethylene Bottles, high-density, linear.4.1.5 Steel Cans, tin-plated, soldered side seam.4.1.6 Soda Lime (Soft) Glass Bottles.4.2 Closures:4.2.1 C
21、losures with a metallic inside surface are preferred. Closures with the same inside surfaces as suitable containers or PTFEare also suitable.4.2.2 Where required by shipping regulations such as DOT 17C or 17E the closure should also include a metallic shipping seal.NOTE 1The use of improper or uncle
22、aned closures or shipping seals will destroy all precautions used in selecting and preparing containers. The useof properly selected and cleaned closures or seals is essential.5. Reagents and Materials5.1 Acetone, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).5.2 T
23、oluene, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2). When used to cleancontainers for conductivity, measure toluene conductivity according to Test Method D2624 or D4308 and use only if conductivityis less than 20 pS/m.5.3 Isopropanol, CP Grade (WarningExtremely f
24、lammable. Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).5.4 Heptane, CP Grade (WarningExtremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire). (See Note 2).NOTE 2Because these solvents are available at various purity levels, the use of CP grade is required to eliminates possible problems with residualimpurit
25、ies.5.5 Detergent, heavy duty, water soluble, laboratory type.5.6 Jet A or Jet A-1, used as reference fluid. (WarningCombustible. Vapor harmful).5.6.1 Reference fluid for approval testing with Jet A or Jet A-1 fuel is prepared in accordance with Test Method D3948,Appendix X1 on Preparation of Refere
26、nce Fluid Base, and should have an electrical conductivity of 0.1 to 1.0 by Test MethodD4308 (or give a reading of less than 1 according to Test Method D2624) and an MSEP rating of 98-100 by Test Method D3948.5.6.2 Compressed Air, clean, dry, oil free and filtered, may be used to expedite air drying
27、.6. Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Introduction:6.1.1 Experience indicates no single container type to meets all desired requirements including size and cost. Certain containertypes have been found suitable for some test methods but not for others. Some containers are adequate if the samples are usedim
28、mediately but are not suitable for sample storage. The procedure therefore designates the containers to be used for each testprocedure and describes prior cleaning, if any. A summary of the procedures is found in Table 1. The detailed procedures followbelow. However, the possibility that a fuel may
29、contain an unusual contaminant, making a normally satisfactory containerunsuitable should not be overlooked.6.1.2 The largest sample meeting shipping rules, costs, availability, and other practical considerations should always be usedto minimize surface effects.6.1.3 It is not possible to describe s
30、ome of the container materials by standard specifications or by suitable generic descriptions.Therefore, an approval procedure is outlined in 6.2.6.1.4 Other sampling details such as sampling taps, labelling, shipping instructions, and so forth will be found in PracticeD4057.6.2 Approval Procedure (
31、Stored Samples):6.2.1 If internally coated the new container should be examined visually for coating integrity in accordance with 4.1.1.2 andclosure suitability in accordance with 4.2.1.6.2.2 Containers should be flushed three times with the container 10 to 20 % filled with trisolvent (equal volumes
32、 of 5.1, 5.2,and 5.3), then three times with heptane. For each flush, the container should be closed and shaken for 1 min and the solventreplaced for the next flush. After the last flush is drained, the container should be air-dried.6.2.3 Reference fuel as indicated in 5.3 should be used for testing
33、.6.2.4 The containers should be filled with reference JetA, orA-1, closed, and stored for at least one month at room temperature.During this period the samples should be shaken strongly at least once a week. At the end of storage the sample should be testedD4306 122for electrical conductivity and wa
34、ter separation. The final electrical conductivity should be no more than 2 pS/m greater than theoriginal value. The water separation rating should decrease by no more than 3three MSEP units.6.2.5 Supplemental testing is necessary if the fuel normally contains additives such as conductivity improvers
35、 which may bedesorbed. In that case a large additive-containing sample which has been stored for a month or longer to equilibrate additivecontent should be used as the test fuel. Such fuel should have a conductivity above 50 pS/m if the additive is conductivity improveradditive; and the MSEP value s
36、hould also be determined. After similar storage for at least one month, the final electricalconductivity should not change more than the repeatability limits of Test Method D2624 or D4308, whichever method is used torate the fuel. The final MSEP rating should be within the repeatability limits for t
37、he initially obtained value.6.2.6 The large container fuel sample should preferably be retained in its original container as a reference sample during thestorage interval, and retested to determine whether a correction, equal to any change in the reference material, should be applied.Similar testing
38、 can be applied for other additives and properties.6.3 Approval Procedure (Immediate Use):6.3.1 All containers found suitable for storage are suitable for immediate use. The following procedure applies to circumstanceswhere fuel samples will not be retained for longer than 24 h, preferably for short
39、er times.6.3.2 The approval procedure is identical to that for storage except that the elapsed time interval between filling containers andtesting should be not less than 24 h.NOTE 3Effects due to containers are sometimes variable depending on fuel sample properties especially if additives are prese
40、nt. Evaluations withseveral fuels or fuel types are helpful to verify conclusions.6.4 Containers for Thermal Stability Testing:6.4.1 Epoxy-lined containers in accordance with 4.1.1 are preferred for immediate testing or sample storage. New containersshould be flushed three times with product being s
41、ampled.6.4.1.1 Used containers should be flushed three times with the container 10 to 20 % filled with trisolvent (6.2.2) or heptane. Foreach flush the container should be closed and shaken for 1 min and the solvent replaced for the next flush. After the last flush isdrained, the container should be
42、 air dried. Alternately, borosilicate glass bottles can be similarly rinsed three times with the fuelto be tested, then drained.6.4.1.2 If the same fuel type containing the same additives is to be resampled, flushing three times with the new sample isconsidered adequate preparation as per flushing i
43、nstruction provided in 6.5.1.TABLE 1 Summary of Container RecommendationsAType of Analysis: MSEPElectricalConductivityBLubricityThermalStabilityBTraceMetalsCopperCorrosionBHard borosilicate glassImmediate use PCPSDSNRESStorage P P S NEFNR SReuse S P S S NR SSoft soda lime glass (washed)Immediate use
44、 S S NE NE NR NEStorage NR NR NR NR NR NEReuse S S NR NR NR NRAluminum containersImmediate use NR NR NR NR NR NRStorage NR NR NR NR NR NRReuse NR NR NR NR NR NREpoxy-lined steelImmediate use P P S P NR SStorage P P S P NR SReuse P P S P NR SPolytetrafluoroethyleneImmediate use S NR NR NE P SStorage
45、NE NR NR NE P SReuse NE NR NR NE P STin-plate soldered steel (Superclean only)Immediate use S S S S NR NRStorage NR NR NR NR NR NRReuse NR NR NR NR NR NRHigh-density linear polyethyleneImmediate use S NR NR NR P SStorage NR NR NR NR P SReuse NR NR NR NR P SAThe containers listed in this summary shou
46、ld not be used without consulting the appropriate paragraphs of this practice for detailed advice.BAll transparent or translucent containers must be shielded from light by wrapping with opaque material such as aluminum foil, or enclosure in a dark box or cabinet.Amber bottles reduce photochemical ef
47、fects.CP = preferred.DS = suitable.ENR = not recommended.FNE = not evaluated but may be suitable.D4306 1236.4.2 New borosilicate glass bottles are satisfactory for immediate use if cleaned by rinsing with water, acetone, and air drying.Amber bottles are preferred. Clear bottles must be shielded from
48、 light by wrapping with aluminum foil or enclosure in a dark boxor cabinet.6.4.3 New tin-plated cans with soldered side seams should only be used if the container is cleaned and the sample is usedimmediately.6.4.3.1 Cleaning Before UseHalf fill the container with acetone.Alternatively, a mixture of
49、equal volumes of acetone, toluene,and isopropanol may be used. Replace closure and shake vigorously for 1 min. Drain the solvent and air dry. Fill the containerabout14 full with heptane, replace closure and repeat shaking, draining the solvent and air drying the container.NOTE 4Soldered cans often contain residues of soldering flux or roll-oils on inside surfaces. These materials may have low solubility in hydrocarbonsbut even at trace levels will adversely affect the properties discussed in this practice. The difficulties of completely removing these contaminants m
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