ASTM D4332-2014 Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers Packages or Packaging Components for Testing《调节试验用容器 包装或包装部件的标准实践规程》.pdf

1、Designation: D4332 14Standard Practice forConditioning Containers, Packages, or PackagingComponents for Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4332; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of

2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice provides for standard and special condi-tioning and testing atmospheres that may be used to simulatepart

3、icular field conditions that a container, package, or pack-aging component may encounter during its life or testing cycle.1.2 This practice describes procedures for conditioningthese containers, packages, or packaging components so thatthey approach or reach equilibrium with the atmosphere towhich t

4、hey may be exposed. This standard is commonly usedfor conditioning when conducting transit simulation tests.1.3 Practice D685 should be used as the relevant condition-ing standard when quantification of box compression strengthat standard atmosphere conditions is required.1.4 This standard does not

5、purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:

6、2D685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsE41 Terminology Relating To ConditioningE171 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Flexible BarrierPackagingE337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer (the

7、 Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)F2825 Practice for Climatic Stressing of Packaging Systemsfor Single Parcel Delivery3. Terminology3.1 Terms and definitions used in this practice may be foundin Terminology D996, Terminology E41, or SpecificationE171.4. Significance and Use4.1 Many mat

8、erials from which containers and packages aremade, especially cellulosic materials, undergo changes inphysical properties as the temperature and the relative humidity(RH) to which they are exposed are varied. Therefore, thepackage should be placed and kept in a specified atmospherefor a length of ti

9、me such that subsequent measurements ofphysical properties will be meaningful and reproducible.4.2 The conditions described in this practice are eitherhistorically accepted standard conditions or special laboratoryconditions chosen to represent particular phases of the distri-bution environment. The

10、se special conditions do not necessar-ily duplicate actual field conditions, but tend to simulate themand have effects on packages and materials which may berelated to their field performance.5. Atmospheric Conditions5.1 Preconditioning Atmosphere20 to 40C (68 to 104F)and 10 to 35 % relative humidit

11、y.5.2 Standard Conditioning Atmosphere 23 6 1C (73.4 62F) and 50 6 2 % relative humidity.NOTE 1Average values must fall within these limits. Short-termfluctuations and measurement limitations may cause individual measure-ments to vary up to 62C (63.6F) and 65 % relative humidity withoutsignificant i

12、mpairment of test precision.5.3 Environmental Conditioning AtmosphereThe environ-mental conditions shown in Table 1 may be selected whenappropriate (also see Practice F2825).NOTE 2In the absence of a specific requirement for a particularatmospheric condition, use the conditioning atmosphere given in

13、 5.2.NOTE 3Conditioning at the desert condition (see Table 1) at a constanttemperature of 60C (140F) may have effects on some materials that donot relate to effects of cyclical field conditions.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packagingand is the direct responsibilit

14、y of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers andSystems - Application of Performance Test Methods.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published January 2015. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4332 13. DOI:10.1520/D4332-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, vis

15、it the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29

16、59. United States15.4 The measurement of temperature and relative humidityof the conditioning atmosphere shall be made as close to thespecimen being exposed as is possible. (See Test Method E337for a detailed description of methods.) The temperature andrelative humidity indicated at the control poin

17、t, may not berepresentative of conditions elsewhere in the conditioned spacedue to local effects or deficiency in air circulation. Tolerancesat the controller usually must be smaller than those at thespecimen.6. Apparatus6.1 Room (or Cabinet) of such size that sample containersor packages may be ind

18、ividually exposed to circulating air atthe temperature and relative humidity chosen.6.1.1 Control Apparatus capable of maintaining the room atthe required atmospheric conditions within the tolerance limits.6.2 HygrometerThe instrument used to indicate the rela-tive humidity should be accurate to 62

19、% relative humidity. Apsychrometer may be used either for direct measurement ofrelative humidity or for checking the hygrometer (see TestMethod E337).6.3 ThermometerAny temperature-measuring device maybe used provided it can accurately indicate the temperature towithin 0.1C or 0.2F. The dry-bulb the

20、rmometer of thepsychrometer may be used either for direct measurement or forchecking the temperature-indicating device.7. Procedure7.1 Obtain containers, packages, or packaging componentsin quantity in accordance with the standard governing the testto be performed. Fiberboard containers (and contain

21、ers fabri-cated from other materials that are affected by changes inhumidities greater than 40 %) may require preconditioning (seeMethod D685).7.2 Containers or packages that are sealed with aqueousadhesives should have all seals made sufficiently prior topreconditioning or conditioning so that the

22、water in theadhesive will not be a factor in preconditioning or conditioningof the package.7.3 Place the container, package, or packaging componentwithin the conditioning chamber and expose it to the requiredconditions for an amount of time specified in the particular testprocedure. If no time perio

23、d is specified, a period of at least72 h, or that time required to reach equilibrium (which may beshorter or longer in duration than 72 h), is recommended. Thecontainer, package, or packaging component shall be supportedin a manner such that all surfaces have free access to theconditioning atmospher

24、e. Heavier packages may be placed ona pallet or other device that should allow for as much exposureof the bottom surface to the conditioning atmosphere as ispossible, so long as the device does not cause a permanentchange in the box or affect the final test result.7.4 Wherever possible, the desired

25、test or measurementshould be made at the specified conditioning atmosphere.When this is not possible, the test shall be performed as quicklyas possible after the specimen is removed from the condition-ing atmosphere.7.5 Alternatively, the package may be enclosed in a plasticsheet before removal from

26、 the conditioning atmosphere, in amanner such that the plastic will not interfere with theparticular test, so that the package will neither gain or losemoisture. Here too, the package shall be tested as quickly aspossible after removal from the conditioning atmosphere.8. Report8.1 The report of the

27、test on the conditioned package shallinclude the following:8.1.1 Temperature, relative humidity, and time of exposure.8.1.1.1 Preconditioning atmosphere and time of exposurewhen used.8.1.2 Statement of compliance with this procedure.8.1.3 Variations from this procedure, including the testingtemperat

28、ure and relative humidity if different from the condi-tioning atmosphere, the time elapsed, and so forth.9. Precision and Bias9.1 A statement of precision and bias is not applicable tothis practice.10. Keywords10.1 conditioning; conditions; containers; environment; ma-terials; packagesTABLE 1 Enviro

29、nmental ConditionsEnvironmentalConditionTemperature,C (F)RelativeHumidity, %Cryogenic 553(676) .Extremecold 302(224) .Frozen food storage 182(04) .Refrigeratedstorage 52(414) 855Temperate high humidity 202(684) 905Tropical 402(1044) 905Desert 602(1404) 155D4332 142ASTM International takes no positio

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