1、Designation: D4354 12Standard Practice forSampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion ControlProducts(RECPs) for Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers three procedures for the samplingof geosynthetics and rolled erosion control products (
3、RECPs)for testing. This practice requires that instructions on takinglaboratory samples and test specimens be part of every testmethod for geosynthetics.1.1.1 The first procedure describes the sampling of produc-tion units for the purpose of manufacturers quality control(MQC) (Table 1).1.1.2 The sec
4、ond procedure describes the sampling ofproduction units for the purpose of manufacturers qualityassurance (MQA) testing during the manufacturing process.This requires that backup statistical process control records bemaintained during the manufacturing process (Table 2).1.1.3 The third procedure des
5、cribes the division of ship-ments of geosynthetics and rolled erosion control products intolots and the determination of lot sample size for purchasersspecification conformance testing (Table 3).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use.
6、 It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD4271 Practice for Writing Statements on
7、 Sampling in TestMethods for Textiles (Withdrawn 2009)3D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 geosynthetic, na planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-technical engineering related material as an integral part of am
8、an-made project, structure, or system.3.1.2 lot, na unit of production, or a group of other unitsor packages, taken for sampling or statistical examination,having one or more common properties and being readilyseparable from other similar units.3.1.3 quality assurance, nall those planned or systemat
9、icactions necessary to provide adequate confidence that amaterial, product, system, or service will satisfy given needs.3.1.4 quality control, nthe operational techniques and theactivities which sustain a quality of material, product, system,or service that will satisfy given needs; also the use of
10、suchtechniques and activities.3.1.5 sample, n(1) a portion of material which is taken fortesting or for record purposes. (See also sample, lot; sample,laboratory; and specimen.) (2) a group of specimens used, or ofobservations made, which provide information that can be usedfor making statistical in
11、ferences about the population(s) fromwhich the specimens are drawn.3.1.6 sample, laboratory, na portion of material taken torepresent the lot sample, or the original material, and used inthe laboratory as a source of test specimens.3.1.7 sample, lot, none or more shipping units taken atrandom to rep
12、resent an acceptance sampling lot and used as asource of laboratory samples.3.1.8 sampling unit, nan identifiable, discrete unit orsubunit of material that could be taken as part of a sample.3.1.8.1 DiscussionFig. 1 is included to show the differ-ence between lot sample, laboratory sample and test s
13、pecimen.3.1.9 sampling unit, primary, nthe sampling unit contain-ing all the sources of variability which should be considered inacceptance testing; the sampling unit taken in first stage ofselection in any procedure for sampling a lot or shipment.3.1.9.1 DiscussionFor textiles, the primary sampling
14、 unitsare generally taken as the shipping units making up a lot; suchas bales of fiber, cases of yarn, rolls of fabric, or cartons of1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosyn-thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on MechanicalProperties.Curren
15、t edition approved July 1, 2012. Published September 2012. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4354 99(2009).DOI: 10.1520/D4354-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual B
16、ook of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United Stat
17、es1garments or other finished products. Adequate sampling foracceptance testing requires taking into account not only thevariability between primary sampling units but also the vari-ability between subunits within primary sampling units andbetween specimens from a single subunit in a primary sam-pli
18、ng unit.3.1.10 specimen, na specific portion of a material orlaboratory sample upon which a test is performed or which istaken for that purpose. (Syn. test specimen.)3.1.11 test result, na value obtained by applying a giventest method, expressed either as a single observation or aspecified combinati
19、on of a number of observations.3.1.11.1 DiscussionA test result is the value reported for asingle subunit of the laboratory sample. For different testmethods a test result might be (1) the value of a singleobservation (such as a measurement of a property, a count ofdefects, or a grading or rating) o
20、n a single specimen from asingle subunit of the laboratory sample; ( 2) the average orsome other function of the values for single observations oneach of n specimens from a single subunit of the laboratorysample; or (3) a ratio of successes to total observations for nspecimens from a single subunit
21、of the laboratory sample.3.1.12 For definitions of other textile terms used in thispractice, refer to Terminology D123.3.1.13 For definitions of other geosynthetic terms used inthis practice, refer to Terminology D4439.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 production unitas referr
22、ed to in this practice,isaquantity of geosynthetic agreed upon by the purchaser andseller for the purpose of sampling.3.2.1.1 DiscussionIn the absence of an agreed uponquantity, 1000 m2(1200 yd2) is recommended. For example, aproduction run may be 6000 m2. For the purpose of sampling,if 1000 m2crite
23、ria is used, this would be 6 production units.3.2.1.2 DiscussionFor the purpose of this practice, thepurchaser is considered to be the project owner, while the selleris the entity supplying the geosynthetic to the project owner.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Instructions are given within this practice fo
24、r dividingshipments or consignments of geosynthetics into lots and forthe determination of the number of production units in a lotsample.4.2 The number or method for determination of the numberof specimens to be tested from the laboratory sample iscontained in the specific geosynthetic property test
25、 method.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice provides a means by which samples ofgeosynthetics may be selected to provide a statistically validsample for the selection of test specimens without previousknowledge of the variability that may exist between productionunits.5.2 The principles stated
26、in Practice D4271, and the illus-trative text in that practice can be used by test method authorsin preparing sampling statements.5.3 This practice gives three procedures for sampling: onefor manufacturers quality control (MQC), one for manufac-turers quality assurance (MQA) testing, and a third for
27、purchasers specification conformance testing. For this reason,test methods containing a section on sampling that requires theTABLE 1 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot SampleManufacturers Quality ControlNumber of Units in Lot Number of Units Selected1to2 13to8 29to27 328 to 64 465 to 125 5126 to
28、216 6217 to 343 7344 to 512 8513 to 729 9730 to 1000 101001 or more 11TABLE 2 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot SampleManufacturers Quality AssuranceNumber of Units in Lot Number of Units Selected1to200 1201 to 500 2501 to 1000 31001 or more 4TABLE 3 Number of Units to be Selected as Lot SampleP
29、urchasers Specification ConformanceNumber of Units in Lot Number of Units Selected1to200 1201 to 500 2501 to 1000 31001 or more 4FIG. 1 Sampling UnitD4354 122use of this practice should contain a statement in the section onreporting similar to the following:“ Report which procedurefrom Practice D435
30、4 was used for sampling: Procedure A forManufacturers Quality Control (MQC), Procedure B forManufacturers Quality Assurance (MQA) Testing, or Proce-dure C for Purchasers Specification Conformance Testing.5.4 Manufacturers Quality Assurance is done internally toensure the manufacturer of the MQC prog
31、ram. When it isrequired to provide certification to a purchaser as to qualityassurance, the MQA testing is to be done by an external MQAtesting facility.6. Procedure ASampling for Manufacturers QualityControl (MQC) Testing6.1 Division into LotsConsider as a separate lot anyportion of a production th
32、at represents the planned productionquantity that the producer is testing, that differs from otherportions in specifications, style, or physical characteristics. Ifportions that are billed or designated as separate lots areshipped from different production plants, treat each separatelyshipped portio
33、n as a separate lot. When sampling is requiredduring manufacturing, consider a lot to be the planned produc-tion quantity.6.2 Determination of Lot Sample Size:6.2.1 Use Table 1 to determine the lot sample size forquality control testing.6.2.2 When time intensive tests, such as ultravioletdegradation
34、, are used do not test more than two units from asingle lot. Maintain information on the number of such testsper lot and supply the information to the purchaser uponrequest.6.2.3 If sampling is required during manufacture, select theunits for the lot sample at uniformly spaced time intervalsthrougho
35、ut the production period.6.2.4 For properties that are evaluated as attributes, the unitsin the lot sample serve as both laboratory samples and testspecimens.7. Procedure BSampling for Manufacturers QualityAssurance (MQA) Testing7.1 Division into LotsConsider as a separate lot anyportion of a produc
36、tion that represents the planned productionquantity that the producer is testing, that differs from otherportions in specifications, style, or physical characteristics. Ifportions that are billed or designated as separate lots areshipped from different production plants, treat each separatelyshipped
37、 portion as a separate lot. When sampling is requiredduring manufacturing, consider a lot to be the planned produc-tion quantity.7.2 Determination of Lot Sample Size Use Table 2 todetermine the lot sample size for quality assurance testing.7.2.1 When time intensive tests, such as ultravioletdegradat
38、ion, are used do not test more than two units from asingle lot. Maintain information on the number of such testsper lot and supply the information to the purchaser uponrequest.8. Procedure CSampling for Purchasers SpecificationConformance TestingNOTE 1The conformance testing is done by the purchaser
39、 or desig-nated person/organization. It is usually done as the geosynthetics arebrought to the project site and justify the payment of the billing.8.1 Division into LotsConsider as a separate lot anyportion of a shipment that the user is testing that differs fromother portions in specifications, sty
40、le, or physical characteris-tics. If portions that are billed or designated as separate lots areshipped from different production plants, treat each separatelyshipped portion as a separate lot. When sampling is requiredduring manufacturing, consider a lot to be the planned produc-tion quantity.8.2 D
41、etermination of Lot Sample Size:8.2.1 Take for the lot sample, production units, as directedin an applicable material specification, or as agreed upon by thepurchaser and the seller. Consider the applicable units ofproduction to be the primary sampling units.8.2.2 In the absence of a material specif
42、ication or otheragreement use Table 3 to determine the lot sample size forspecification conformance testing.8.2.3 If the specification requires sampling duringmanufacture, select the units for the lot sample at uniformlyspaced time intervals throughout the production period.8.2.4 For properties that
43、 are evaluated as attributes, the unitsin the lot sample serve as both laboratory samples and testspecimens.9. Keywords9.1 geosynthetic; quality assurance; quality control; sam-pling; specification conformance; testingASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights
44、asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any tim
45、e by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will r
46、eceive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM I
47、nternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4354 123
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