1、Designation: D4366 14Standard Test Methods forHardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4366; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the use of pendulum dampingtesters in the determination of hardness of organic coatings thathave been ap
3、plied to acceptably plane rigid surfaces, such as ametal or glass panel.1.2 Two test methods based on different pendulum types arecovered as follows:1.2.1 Test Method AKnig Pendulum Hardness Test.1.2.2 Test Method BPersoz Pendulum Hardness Test.1.3 This standard is similar in content (but not techni
4、callyequivalent) to ISO 1522.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of th
5、is standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD1005 Test
6、 Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of DryFilm Thickness of Noncon
7、ductive Coatings Applied to aNonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D3891 Practice for Preparation of Glass Panels for TestingPaint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products2.2 Other Standard:4ISO 1522 Paints and Varnishes Pendulum Damping Test3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This St
8、andard:3.1.1 Knig hardness, ntime in seconds for the swingamplitude of the Knig pendulum to decrease from 6 to 3.3.1.2 Persoz hardness, ntime in seconds for the swingamplitude of the Persoz pendulum to decrease from 12 to 4.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 A pendulum resting on a coating surface is set
9、 intooscillation (rocking) and the time for the oscillation amplitudeto decrease by a specified amount measured. The shorter thedamping time, the lower the hardness.5. Significance and Use5.1 The pendulum damping test has been found to havegood sensitivity in detecting differences in coating hardnes
10、s,where hardness is defined as resistance to deformation.5.2 The two procedures given in these test methods embodythe principle that the amplitude of oscillation of a pendulumtouching a surface decreases more rapidly the softer thesurface. However, these test methods differ in respect topendulum dim
11、ensions, and period and amplitude of oscillation.5.3 In general, the damping time of the Knig pendulum isapproximately half that of the Persoz pendulum.5.4 The Persoz pendulum has a greater degree of discrimi-nation than the Knig for measuring the hardness of softcoatings, but it may not be as suita
12、ble for testing hard, slipperyfilms because of its tendency to skid on surfaces with a lowcoefficient of friction.5.5 The interaction between the pendulum and the paint filmis complex, depending on both elastic and viscoelastic1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Pain
13、tand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2014. Published October 2014. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D4366 95 whic
14、h waswithdrawn February 2003 and reinstated in September 2014. DOI: 10.1520/D4366-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
15、page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
16、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1properties, and it may not be possible to establish a preciserelationship between the two types of pendulum tests.TEST METHOD AKNIG PENDULUM HARDNESS TEST6. Apparatus6.1 Knig Pendulum Tester5, consisting of a stand thatsupports a pendulum, a test pane
17、l, and a pendulum displace-ment scale. The stand has a stirrup to support the pendulumabove the table and a mechanism for shock-free lowering of thependulum onto the test panel. A typical apparatus is shown inFig. 1.NOTE 1Optional features may be the inclusion of an electronic devicefor automaticall
18、y timing the oscillation damping and the inclusion of anoscillation counter.6.2 Knig Pendulum, consisting of an open frameworkconnected by a cross-bar, to the underface of which are twoballs, 5 6 0.005 mm in diameter of hardness 63 6 3 HRC,inset to serve as the fulcrum. The lower end of the framewor
19、kis formed into a pointer. A weight sliding on a vertical rodattached to the cross-bar is used to counterpoise the pendulum.The total weight of the pendulum shall be 200 6 0.2 g.6.3 Stop Watch, or other timing device for timing theoscillation damping of the pendulum.6.4 Polished Plate (Float) Glass
20、Panel, for calibrating thependulum.7. Calibration7.1 Check the alignment of the pendulum and panel table asfollows:7.1.1 Place the polished glass panel on the panel table andgently bring the pendulum to rest on the surface of the glass.Be sure the pendulum oscillates freely.7.1.2 Place a spirit leve
21、l on the glass panel surface. Levelthe glass panel by means of the adjusting screws at the base ofthe instrument.7.1.3 Clean the glass panel by wiping with a soft, lintlesscloth wetted with the solvent mixture specified in PracticeD3891.7.1.4 Clean the fulcrum balls by wiping with a soft tissuewette
22、d with solvent. Leave the pendulum in ambient conditionsand then bring it to rest on the glass panel.7.1.5 Check the position of the scale relative to the pendu-lum pointer. With the pendulum at rest, its pointer shouldindicate zero on the scale. If the pointer does not indicate zero,move the scale
23、to obtain the correct zero setting.7.2 Check the duration of the pendulum swing on a glasspanel.7.2.1 Deflect the pendulum through 6, release it andsimultaneously start a stopwatch or other timing device.7.2.2 Determine whether the time for 100 swings of thependulum falls within 140 6 2s.7.2.3 If th
24、e measured time is less than specified, move theweight on the pendulum rod upward. If the measured time ismore than specified, move the weight downward. Continueadjustments until the specified time is obtained. If the timecannot be obtained, the instrument should be judged faulty andbe repaired.7.3
25、Check the duration of damping of the pendulum on theglass panel as follows:7.3.1 Deflect the pendulum through 6, release it andsimultaneously start the stopwatch or other timing device.7.3.2 Determine whether the time for the amplitude ofswing to decrease from 6 to 3 falls within 250 6 10 s.(corresp
26、onding to 172 to 185 pendulum swings).8. Test Panel Preparation and Conditioning8.1 Apply uniform coatings of the material to be tested toplane, rigid surfaces, such as metal or glass panels, by one ofthe procedures given in Test Methods D823.8.2 Cure the coated panels under the conditions of humidi
27、tyand temperature, as agreed upon between the purchaser andseller.8.3 Measure the thickness of the dry coating in accordancewith Test Methods D1005, D1186,orD1400.8.3.1 Coating thickness must be controlled closely becausethe pendulum test results can be affected by thickness varia-tions. A minimum t
28、hickness of 25 m is required to minimizesubstrate effects.9. Procedure9.1 Unless otherwise specified, make the hardness determi-nation at 23 6 2C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity, afterholding the test panels under these conditions for at least 16 h.9.2 Place the test panel on the panel table and gent
29、ly bringthe pendulum onto the panel surface.5Available from various supply companies.FIG. 1 ApparatusD4366 1429.3 Deflect the pendulum through 6, release it and simul-taneously start the stopwatch or other timing device.9.4 Determine the time for the amplitude of swing todecrease form 6 to 3. This i
30、s the Knig hardness.9.5 Repeat steps 9.2 9.4 on at least two other areas of thetest panel.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Mean and range of the Knig hardness values inseconds obtained for the test panel,10.1.2 Manufacturer and model of the hardness tester used,10.1.3 Mean and
31、range of the thickness values obtained forthe coating on the test panel, and the method used fordetermining the thickness,10.1.4 Temperature and relative humidity during the test,and10.1.5 Test panel preparation and conditioning techniquesused.11. Precision and Bias611.1 Method AKnig Pendulum TestOn
32、 the basis of aninterlaboratory test of this test method in which operators infour laboratories made three hardness measurements on each ofsix coated panels covering a wide range of hardness on twodays, the within-laboratory coefficient of variation was foundto be 3 % with 24 df and the between-labo
33、ratories coefficient ofvariation 8 % with 18 df. Based on these coefficients, thefollowing criteria should be used for judging the acceptabilityof results at the 95 % confidence level.11.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo results, each the mean of threedeterminations on a specimen, obtained by the same operatorsh
34、ould be considered suspect if they differ by more than 8 % oftheir mean value.11.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean of threedeterminations on a specimen, obtained by operators in differ-ent laboratories should be considered suspect if they differ bymore than 23 % of their mean value.11.2
35、BiasNo statement can be made on bias as the valueof Knig hardness is defined only in terms of this test method.TEST METHOD BPERSOZ PENDULUM HARDNESS TEST12. Apparatus12.1 Persoz Hardness Tester,5consisting of a stand thatsupports a pendulum, a test panel, and a pendulum displace-ment scale. The stan
36、d has a stirrup to support the pendulumabove the table and a mechanism for shock-free lowering of thependulum onto the test panel. A typical apparatus is similar tothat shown in Fig. 1.12.2 Persoz Pendulum, consisting of an open frameworkwith an upper cross-bar with two stainless steel balls, 8.0 60
37、.005 mm in diameter and of hardness 59 6 1 HRC, inset toform a fulcrum, and with a lower corss-bar that also forms thepointer. The total weight of the pendulum shall be 500 6 0.1 g,its center of gravity at rest shall be 60 6 0.1 mm below thefulcrum, and the pointer shall be 400 6 0.2 mm below thepla
38、ne of the fulcrum.13. Calibration13.1 Check the alignment of the pendulum and panel table.13.1.1 Follow the procedures outlined in 7.1.1 7.1.4.13.2 Check the duration of the pendulum swing on the glasspanel.13.2.1 Deflect the pendulum through 12, release it andsimultaneously start the stopwatch or o
39、ther timing device.13.2.2 Determine whether the time for 100 swings of thependulum falls within 100 6 0.1 s.13.2.3 If this value cannot be achieved, reclean the glasspanel and the bearing balls of the pendulum, recheck the levelof the glass panel, and retest. It is not permissible to adjust theinstr
40、ument scale at this point.13.3 Check the duration of damping of the pendulum on theglass panel as follows:13.3.1 Deflect the pendulum through 12, release it andsimultaneously start the stopwatch or other timing device.13.3.2 Determine whether the time for the amplitude ofswing to decrease from 12 to
41、 4 is 420 s.13.3.3 If this value cannot be achieved, repeat the glasspanel and instrument checks described in 13.2.3.14. Procedure14.1 Unless otherwise specified, make the hardness deter-mination at 23 6 2C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity, afterholding the test panels under these conditions for at le
42、ast 16 h.14.2 Place the test panel on the panel table and gently bringthe pendulum onto the panel surface.14.3 Deflect the pendulum through 12, release it, andsimultaneously start the stopwatch or other timing device.14.4 Determine the time for the amplitude of swing todecrease from 12 to 4. This is
43、 the Persoz hardness.14.5 Repeat steps 14.2 14.4 on at least two other areas ofthe test panel.15. Report15.1 Report the following information:15.1.1 Mean and range of the Persoz hardness values inseconds obtained for the test panel,15.1.2 Manufacturer and model of hardness tester used,15.1.3 Mean an
44、d range of the thickness values obtained forthe coating on the test panel, and the method used fordetermining the thickness,15.1.4 Temperature and relative humidity during the test,and15.1.5 Test panel preparation and conditioning techniquesused.6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International
45、 Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D01-1050. ContactASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.D4366 14316. Precision and Bias616.1 Method BPersoz Pendulum TestOn the basis of aninterlaboratory test of this test method in which operators infive laboratories made two or th
46、ree hardness measurements oneach of six coated panels (covering a wide range of hardness),the within-laboratory coefficient of variation was found to be1 % with 24 df and the between-laboratories coefficient ofvariation 3 % with 12 df. Based on these coefficients, thefollowing criteria should be use
47、d for judging the acceptabilityof results at the 95 % confidence level.16.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo results, each the mean of threedeterminations on a specimen, obtained by the same operatorshould be considered suspect if they differ by more than 3 % oftheir mean value.16.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo results,
48、each the mean of threedeterminations on a specimen, obtained by operators in differ-ent laboratories should be considered suspect if they differ bymore than 8 % of their mean value.16.2 BiasNo statement can be made on bias as the valueof Persoz hardness is defined only in terms of this test method.1
49、7. Keywords17.1 damping hardness tests; Knig pendulum hardnesstester; organic coatings; pendulum hardness tests; Persozpendulum hardness testerASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the
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