1、Designation: D4366 14D4366 16Standard Test Methods forHardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Damping Tests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4366; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the use of pendulum damping testers in the determination of hardness of organic coatings that ha
3、vebeen applied to acceptably plane rigid surfaces, such as a metal or glass panel.1.2 Two test methods based on different pendulum types are covered as follows:1.2.1 Test Method AKnig Pendulum Hardness Test.1.2.2 Test Method BPersoz Pendulum Hardness Test.1.3 This standard is similar in content (but
4、 not technically equivalent) to ISO 1522.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof
5、 the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Pan
6、elsD1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD3891 Practice for Preparation of Glass Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related ProductsD1186D7091 Test Methods Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic
7、 CoatingsAppliedto a Ferrous BaseFerrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals (Withdrawn2006)D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to aNonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D3891 Practice for
8、Preparation of Glass Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Products2.2 Other Standard:3ISO 1522 Paints and Varnishes Pendulum Damping Test3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 Knig hardness, ntime in seconds for the swing amplitude of the Knig pendu
9、lum to decrease from 6 to 3.3.1.2 Persoz hardness, ntime in seconds for the swing amplitude of the Persoz pendulum to decrease from 12 to 4.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 Apendulum resting on a coating surface is set into oscillation (rocking) and the time for the oscillation amplitude to decreaseby
10、a specified amount measured. The shorter the damping time, the lower the hardness.damping time is influenced by acombination of physical properties, amongst hardness, elasticity, coefficient of friction and shore of the sample under test. Thedamping time decreases with the decrease of hardness or an
11、 increase of elasticity or coefficient of friction.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.Current edition approv
12、ed Sept. 15, 2014Dec. 1, 2016. Published October 2014March 2017. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 19952014 asD4366 95 which was withdrawn February 2003 and reinstated in September 2014. DOI: 10.1520/D4366-14.14. DOI: 10.1520/D4366-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visi
13、t theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New Yor
14、k, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recomme
15、nds that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15. Significance
16、and Use5.1 The pendulum damping test has been found to have good sensitivity in detecting differences in coating hardness, wherehardness is defined as resistance to deformation.5.2 The two procedures given in these test methods embody the principle that the amplitude of oscillation of a pendulumtouc
17、hing a surface decreases more rapidly the softer the surface. However, these test methods differ in respect to pendulumdimensions, and period and amplitude of oscillation.5.3 In general, the damping time of the Knig pendulum is approximately half that of the Persoz pendulum.5.4 The Persoz pendulum h
18、as a greater degree of discrimination than the Knig for measuring the hardness of soft coatings, butit may not be as suitable for testing hard, slippery films because of its tendency to skid on surfaces with a low coefficient of friction.5.5 The interaction between the pendulum and the paint film is
19、 complex, depending on both elastic and viscoelastic properties,and it may not be possible to establish a precise relationship between the two types of pendulum tests.TEST METHOD AAKNIG PENDULUM HARDNESS TEST6. Apparatus6.1 Knig Pendulum Tester4, consisting of a stand that supports a pendulum, a tes
20、t panel, and a pendulum displacement scale.The stand has a stirrup to support the pendulum above the table and a mechanism for shock-free loweringpositioning of thependulum onto the test panel. A typical apparatus is shown in Pendulum Testers are divided in:Fig. 1.(1) Manual models: where both posit
21、ioning of the pendulum and taking the number of counts and timing is done manually.(2) Semi automated models: Where positioning of the pendulum is done manually and the number of counts and timing ismeasured automated.(3) Fully automated models: Where both the positioning of the pendulum and the num
22、ber of counts and timing is doneautomatically.6.1.1 The use of fully automated models is recommended above that of semi automated models due to their increasedrepeatability. When using older manual models results can fluctuate depending on the operator. Typical apparatus are shown in Fig.1 and Fig.
23、2.4 Available from various supply companies.FIG. 1 Apparatus Fully Automated TypeD4366 1626.1.2 Shown devices (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) are functioning in the same way. Their essential components are displayed in schematic(Fig. 3).NOTE 1Optional features may be the inclusion of an electronic device for au
24、tomatically timing the oscillation damping and the inclusion of anoscillation counter.6.2 Knig Pendulum, consisting of an open framework connected by a cross-bar, to the underface of which are two balls, 5 60.005 mm in diameter of hardness 63 6 3 HRC, inset to serve as the fulcrum. The lower end of
25、the framework is formed into aFIG. 2 Apparatus Manual TypeLegend to Figure 3:A) Pendulum (Persoz)B) Panel holdersC) Test panelD) Panel supportE) ScaleFIG. 3 Schematic Representation of a Pendulum Hardness TestD4366 163pointer. A weight sliding on a vertical rod attached to the cross-bar is used to c
26、ounterpoise the pendulum. The total weightmassof the pendulum shall be 200 6 0.2 g. See Fig. 4.6.3 Stop Watch, or other timing device for timing the oscillation damping of the pendulum.6.4 Polished Plate (Float) Glass Panel, for calibrating the pendulum.7. Calibration7.1 Check the alignment of the p
27、endulum and panel table as follows:7.1.1 Place the polished glass panel on the panel table and gently bring the pendulum to rest on the surface of the glass. Be surethe pendulum oscillates freely.7.1.2 Place a spirit level on the glass panel surface. Level the glass panel by means of the adjusting s
28、crews at the base procedureof the instrument.7.1.3 Clean the glass panel by wiping with a soft, lintless cloth wetted with the solvent mixture specified in Practice D3891.7.1.4 Clean the fulcrum balls by wiping with a soft tissue wetted with solvent. solvent, leaving no residue. Leave the pendulumin
29、 ambient conditions and then bring it to rest on the glass panel.7.1.5 Check the position of the scale pendulum pointer relative to the pendulum pointer. scale. With the pendulum at rest, itspointer should indicate zero on the scale. If the pointer does not indicate zero, move the scale to obtain th
30、e correct zerosetting.check the leveling of the pendulum tester and the fairness of the pendulum.7.2 Check the duration of the pendulum swing on a glass panel.7.2.1 Deflect the pendulum through 6, release it and simultaneously start a stopwatch or other timing device.7.2.2 Determine whether the time
31、 for 100 swings oscillation period of the pendulum falls within 140 6 2 s.1.40 6 00.2 s overa minimum of 100 swings.7.2.3 If the measured time is less than specified, specified and the pendulum did not skid, move the weight on the pendulumrod upward. If the measured time is more than specified, move
32、 the weight downward. Continue adjustments until the specified timeis obtained. If the time cannot be obtained, the instrument should be judged faulty and be repaired.7.3 Check the duration of damping of the pendulum on the glass panel as follows:7.3.1 Deflect the pendulum through 6, release it and
33、simultaneously start the stopwatch or other timing device.7.3.2 Determine whether the time for the amplitude of swing to decrease from 6 to 3 falls within 250 6 10 s. (correspondingto 172 to 185 pendulum swings).FIG. 4 Knig PendulumD4366 1648. Test Panel Preparation and Conditioning8.1 Apply uniform
34、 coatings of the material to be tested to plane, rigid surfaces, such as metal or glass panels, by one of theprocedures given in Test Methods D823.8.2 Cure the coated panels under the conditions of humidity and temperature, as agreed upon between the purchaser and seller.8.3 Measure the thickness of
35、 the dry coating in accordance with Test Methods D1005, D1186, or D1400D7091.8.3.1 Coating thickness must be controlled closely because the pendulum test results can be affected by thickness variations.A minimum thickness of 25 m is required to minimize substrate effects.9. Procedure9.1 Unless other
36、wise specified, make the hardness determination at 23 6 2C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity, after holdingthe test panels under these conditions for at least 16 h.9.2 Place the test panel on the panel table and gently bring the pendulum onto the panel surface.9.3 Deflect the pendulum through 6, releas
37、e it and simultaneously start the stopwatch or other timing device.9.4 Determine the time for the amplitude of swing to decrease form 6 to 3. This is the Knig hardness.9.5 Check for skidding of the pendulum. If the pendulum skidded during the test the obtained result should be consideredinvalid, and
38、 the test repeated.9.6 Repeat steps 9.2 9.49.5 on at least two other areas of the test panel.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Mean and range of the Knig hardness values in seconds obtained for the test panel,10.1.2 Manufacturer and model of the hardness tester used,10.1.3 Type
39、of hardness tester used, manual, semi automated or fully automated.10.1.4 Mean and range of the thickness values obtained for the coating on the test panel, and the method used for determiningthe thickness,10.1.5 Temperature and relative humidity during the test, and10.1.6 Test panel preparation and
40、 conditioning techniques used.11. Precision and Bias511.1 Method AKnig Pendulum TestOn the basis of an interlaboratory test of this test method in which operators in fourlaboratories made three hardness measurements on each of six coated panels covering a wide range of hardness on two days, thewithi
41、n-laboratory coefficient of variation was found to be 3 % with 24 df and the between-laboratories coefficient of variation 8 %with 18 df. Based on these coefficients, the following criteria should be used for judging the acceptability of results at the 95 %confidence level.11.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo re
42、sults, each the mean of three determinations on a specimen, obtained by the same operator shouldbe considered suspect if they differ by more than 8 % of their mean value.11.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean of three determinations on a specimen, obtained by operators in differentlaborato
43、ries should be considered suspect if they differ by more than 23 % of their mean value.11.2 BiasNo statement can be made on bias as the value of Knig hardness is defined only in terms of this test method.TEST METHOD BBPERSOZ PENDULUM HARDNESS TEST12. Apparatus12.1 Persoz Hardness Tester,4consisting
44、of a stand that supports a pendulum, a test panel, and a pendulum displacement scale.The stand has a stirrup to support the pendulum above the table and a mechanism for shock-free loweringpositioning of thependulum onto the test panel. A typical apparatus is similar to that shown in Fig. 12.12.2 Per
45、soz Pendulum, consisting of an open framework with an upper cross-bar with two stainless steel balls, 8.0 6 0.005 mmin diameter and of hardness 59 6 1 HRC, inset to form a fulcrum, and with a lower corss-barcross-bar that also forms the pointer.The total weight of the pendulum shall be 500 6 0.1 g,
46、its center of gravity at rest shall be 60 6 0.1 mm below the fulcrum, andthe pointer shall be 400 6 0.2 mm below the plane of the fulcrum. See Fig. 5.5 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D01-1050. Contact ASTM Custo
47、merService at serviceastm.org.D4366 16513. Calibration13.1 Check the alignment of the pendulum and panel table.13.1.1 Follow the procedures outlined in 7.1.1 7.1.47.1.5.13.2 Check the duration of the pendulum swing on the glass panel.13.2.1 Deflect the pendulum through 12, release it and simultaneou
48、sly start the stopwatch or other timing device.13.2.2 Determine whether the time for 100 swings oscillation period of the pendulum falls within 100 6 0.1 s.1.00 6 0.01 sover a minimum of 100 swings.13.2.3 If this value cannot be achieved, reclean the glass panel and the bearing balls of the pendulum
49、, recheck the level of theglass panel, and retest. It is not permissible to adjust the instrument scale at this point.panel and fairness of the pendulum, andretest.13.3 Check the duration of damping of the pendulum on the glass panel as follows:13.3.1 Deflect the pendulum through 12, release it and simultaneously start the stopwatch or other timing device.13.3.2 Determine whether the time for the amplitude of swing to decrease from 12 to 4 is 420 430 6 15 s.13.3.3 If this value cannot be achieved, repeat the glass panel and instrum
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