1、Designation: D 4551 96 (Reapproved 2001)An American National StandardStandard Specification forPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-Containment Membrane1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the y
2、ear oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)
3、flexible sheeting which is used without mastic, bedding, orcoating for construction of concealed water-containment-membranes in applications where there is potential for costlysecondary damage from water leakage and very long-termreliable performance is essential. Examples are fountains,pools, plant
4、ers, shower and safe pans, tile tubs, or similar wetinstallations where the membrane is inaccessible once theconstruction is complete. Included are requirements for mate-rials and sheeting, test methods, workmanship criteria, andmethods of marking.1.2 Recycled materials may be used in this product i
5、naccordance with the requirements in Section 5.1.3 The tests are intended to ensure quality and performanceand are not intended for design purposes. Tests have beenselected to be conducted primarily with liquids that simulatethe environment to which the membrane will be subjectedduring actual use.1.
6、4 This specification does not cover water-containmentmembranes exposed to ultraviolet light.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest method port
7、ion, Section 13, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-t
8、ions prior to use.22. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lation3D 412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber ThermoplasticElastomers-Tension3D 543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics toChemical Reagents3D 618 Practice for Cond
9、itioning Plastics for Testing3D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics3D 1004 Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of PlasticFilm and Sheeting3D 1203 Test Methods for Volatile Loss from Plastics UsingActivated Carbon Methods3D 1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid Thermoplastic
10、 Sheeting or Film at ElevatedTemperature3D 1243 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of VinylChloride Polymers3D 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics4D 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics5D 5033 Guide for the Development of ASTM StandardsRelating to Recycling and Use of Recycled P
11、lastics5E 96 Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Mate-rials52.2 ANSI Standard:Z 26.1 Safety Code for Safety Glazing Materials for Glaz-ing Motor Vehicles Operating on Land Highways62.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-tion by Attributes73. Terminology3
12、.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology D 883 unless otherwise indicated.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.24 on Plastic BuildingProducts.Current edition approved Ma
13、rch 10, 1996. Published May 1996. Originallypublished as D 4551 86. Last previous edition D 4551 91.2Paragraphs 1.2, 2.1, 5.2, and 18.1 have been revised to accommodate recyclematerials.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards
14、, Vol 08.03.6Available from the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,13th Floor, New York, NY 10036.7Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor
15、Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: Descrip-tions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 water-containment membranea non-porous mem-brane impervious to water and resistant to permeation by watervapor to an extent t
16、hat it provides a high degree of certaintythat secondary damage from leakage shall not occur.3.2.2 homogeneous sheetingsheeting that is of uniformcomposition throughout its thickness.4. Classification4.1 The sheeting will be subdivided by grades based onthickness:4.1.1 Grade 300.03 in. (0.765 mm).4.
17、1.2 Grade 400.04 in. (1.02 mm).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)water-containment membrane formulated from PVC materialsmeeting the following requirements:5.1.1 A PVC resin with an inherent viscosity (logarithmicviscosity number) of not less than 0.
18、92 as determined by TestMethod D 1243.5.1.2 A PVC compound density of 1.26/1.29 g/cm3.5.2 Recycle materials, as defined in Guide D 5033, may beused in this product if all the requirements in Sections 3, 5, 6,and 9 are met by the recycle material.5.3 The use of water-soluble compounding ingredients s
19、hallbe prohibited.5.4 Plasticizers that are resistant to migration, mildew, andbacterial degradation shall be used.6. Physical Properties6.1 The sheeting shall conform to the physical requirementsprescribed in Section 9 (Table 1) and Section 17 (Table 2).6.2 Sheeting shall be compounded so that bond
20、s betweensheets used in fabrication of large water-containment mem-branes can be accomplished in the field without reducing theoverall resistance of the membrane to permeation or leakage orsignificantly reducing the sheetings physical strength. Themanufacturer shall specify recommended bonding proce
21、duresin its product literature.6.3 The sheeting shall be colored as agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase contract.6.4 The sheeting shall be monolithic and homogeneous.7. Dimensions7.1 The actual width and length of the sheeting shall be asagreed upon between the pu
22、rchaser and the seller.7.1.1 Sheeting width tolerance shall be +0.5, 0.0 in.(+12.7, 0.0 mm).7.1.2 The length of the sheeting after unrolling and relaxingfor 10 min at 73 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) shall be no less than thatspecified in the purchase order.7.2 Minimum thickness of Grade 30 sheeting shall be 0.0
23、3in. (0.765 mm) and minimum thickness of Grade 40 sheetingshall be 0.04 in. (1.02 mm).8. Workmanship8.1 If not monitored continuously, a minimum of every hourproduction shall be sampled and inspected for appearance,thickness, width, and workmanship. The material shall be freeof pin holes, foreign in
24、clusions, undispersed materials, or otherdefects that could affect serviceability.9. Qualification Tests9.1 The PVC sheeting shall pass all the qualification testsprescribed in Section 11 and Table 1.9.1.1 Any modification of this compound shall require thatthe sheeting be retested for conformance t
25、o this specification.In addition, retesting shall be done every 3 years whether theTABLE 1 Qualification TestsProperty Unit SpecificationGrade 30 Grade 40Thickness in. (mm) 0.030 (0.765), min 0.040 (1.02), minTensile strength lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 60 (10.45), min 80 (14.05), minTensile stress at 1
26、00 % elongation lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 30 (5.23), min 40 (7.03), minElongation at break % 300, min 300, minTear resistance lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 185 (32.5), min 250 (43.7), minPinholes number none noneMicro-organism resistance specimen, pass/fail 12 of 12 pass 12 of 12 passPuncture resistance spe
27、cimen, pass/fail 6 of 6 pass 6 of 6 passIndentation resistance specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 passFolding resistance specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 passChemical resistanceDistilled H2O % weight change +1 %, max +1 %, maxSoapy H2O % weight change +2 %, max +2 %, maxAlkali specimen, pa
28、ss/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 passHydrostatic pressure test specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 passShrinkage % original 5 %, max 5 %, maxVolatile loss at 158F % loss 1.5 max 1.5 maxTABLE 2 Quality Assurance RequirementsProperty Unit SpecificationGrade 30SpecificationGrade 40Thickness in. (mm) 0.030
29、 (0.765), min 0.040 (1.02), minPinholes number none noneShrinkage at 158F % of original 5 %, max 5 %, maxWidth in. (cm) +0.5 (1.27), 0.0 +0.5 (1.27), 0.0D 45512compound has been modified or not to assess cumulativeeffects of switching suppliers, grades of raw materials, orprocessing changes.10. Samp
30、ling10.1 Test specimens shall be selected at random fromproduction stock. In each roll selected, units comprising therequired number of specimens shall be taken from a portion notincluding the first or last foot of the roll or portions within 6 in.of the edge of the roll.11. Test Methods11.1 Thickne
31、ssTest five specimens obtained from loca-tions equidistant across the width of the sheet in accordancewith Method C of Test Methods D 374. Report thickness ofeach specimen and location in sheet.11.2 Stress-Strain PropertiesDetermine tensile stress at100 % elongation (modulus), tensile strength, and
32、ultimateelongation in accordance with Method A of Test MethodsD 412, using a dumbbell specimen (Die C). Report physicalproperties as the average value from testing of 6 specimens.11.3 PinholesExamine sheeting for pinholes by viewingthe surface of the sheeting while held under slight-handtension. Pos
33、ition a bright light source behind the film so as toclearly illuminate the surface without producing glare in theobservers eyes. A pinhole is defined as any opening observedin the sheet under the conditions specified. Examine a 12-in.(305-mm) strip from the entire width of the sheet and report thepr
34、esence or absence of pinholes.11.4 Resistance to Chemical ReagentsConduct this test inaccordance with Test Method D 543, Procedure 1.11.4.1 Weigh loss after immersion in distilled water at120F (49C) for 24 h.11.4.2 Weigh loss after immersion in a 1 % soapy watersolution at 120F (49C) for 24 h.11.4.3
35、 Alkali Resistance TestThis test indicates the effectof hot alkali solutions on the plastic membrane materials.11.4.3.1 SpecimensEach test unit shall consist of threespecimens of flat material 3 by 3 in. (76 by 76 mm) selected inaccordance with 12.1.11.4.3.2 ProcedureMake a solution by dissolving 5.
36、0 g ofreagent-grade sodium hydroxide and 5.0 g of reagent-gradepotassium hydroxide in 1 L of distilled water in a beaker. Thesolution shall be maintained at a temperature of 150F (66C).11.4.3.3 Immerse each specimen in its own individualbeaker of solution in accordance with 11.4.3.2. Immerse thespec
37、imen for 72 h, and completely change the solution every24 h. Before immersion of a specimen in the new solution, thesolution shall be at a temperature of 150F (66C).11.4.3.4 Test each specimen for waterproofness in accor-dance with 11.8 for hydrostatic pressure test.11.5 Microorganism Resistance Tes
38、tDetermine the resis-tance of PVC membrane to mold growth in accordance withAnnex A1.11.6 Strength and Toughness Tests:11.6.1 Puncture Resistance TestDetermine the resistanceof the material to mechanical damage which might occurduring the installation of the water-containment membrane inaccordance w
39、ith the procedure described in Annex A2.11.6.2 Indentational Resistance TestDetermine the abilityof the material to withstand nail-head indentation withoutimpairing waterproofness. Conduct the test in accordance withthe procedure detailed in Annex A3.11.6.3 Folding Resistance TestDetermine the abili
40、ty ofthe material to withstand corner folding without impairingwaterproofness in accordance with the procedure outlined inAnnex A4.11.7 ShrinkageTestfor1hat158F (70C) in accordancewith Test Method D 1204.11.8 Hydrostatic Pressure TestDetermine the ability ofplastic membrane material to withstand wat
41、er pressure withoutleaking in accordance with the test procedure in Annex A5.11.9 Tear ResistanceDetermine the average value for sixspecimens in accordance with Test Method D 1004.11.10 Volatile LossDetermine volatile loss in accordancewith Test Methods D 1203, Method A, at 158F (70C) withgrade AC (
42、614 mesh) activated carbon. Test specimens shall benominal thickness sheeting.NOTE 1Requirement for WaterVapor Transmission of Materials inSheet Form (Procedure E of Test Methods E 96) has been deleted until thetest method is improved to the extent that it can be reproducibly run bycommercial labora
43、tories.12. Conditioning12.1 Condition all qualification test specimens at 736 3.6F(23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not less than 40h prior to testing, in accordance with Method A of MethodsD 618.12.2 In-plant quality control specimens shall be conditionedat 73 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) for2hinair
44、.13. Inspection13.1 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchasecontract.14. Certification14.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, themanufacturers or the suppliers certification shall be furnishedto the purchaser s
45、tating that samples representing each lot havebeen manufactured, tested, and inspected in accordance withthis specification and the requirements have been met. Whenspecified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the testresults shall be furnished.15. Product Marking15.1 Material complying w
46、ith this specification shall becontinuously marked and shall include the following spacedout at intervals of not more than 2 ft (610 mm).15.1.1 Manufacturers name (or brand name or trademark).15.1.2 Material designation.15.1.3 Designation, Grade 30 or Grade 40, with which thesheet complies.15.1.4 De
47、signation, “ASTM D 4551”, with which the sheetcomplies.15.1.5 The production code shall be included inside the coreof all shipping units.D 4551316. Packaging and Package Marking16.1 The material shall be rolled on a substantial core andpackaged in standard commercial containers, so constructed asto
48、ensure acceptance by common or other carriers for safetransportation to the point of delivery, unless otherwise speci-fied in the contract or order.16.2 Shipping containers shall be marked as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller.16.3 Packaging provisions for government/military procure-me
49、nt.16.4 All packing, packaging, and marking provisions ofPractice D 3892 shall apply to this specification.17. Quality Assurance17.1 Sheeting manufactured from compound qualified bySection 9 shall pass the quality assurance and control require-ments prescribed in Table 2.17.1.1 In addition to the in-plant quality control inspectionsspecified in Section 8, at least annually samples shall be testedand certified as complying with the requirements of Table 2.17.2 If the results of any tests do not conform to therequirements of this specif
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