1、Designation: D4551 12D4551 17 An American National StandardStandard Specification forPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-Containment Membrane1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4551; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforigi
2、nal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) flexible s
3、heeting which is used without mastic, bedding, or coating forconstruction of concealed water-containment-membranes in applications where there is potential for costly secondary damage fromwater leakage and very long-term reliable performance is essential. Examples are fountains, pools, planters, sho
4、wer and safe pans,tile tubs, or similar wet installations where the membrane is inaccessible once the construction is complete. Included arerequirements for materials and sheeting, test methods, workmanship criteria, and methods of marking.1.2 Recycled materials may be used in this product in accord
5、ance with the requirements in Section 5.1.3 The tests are intended to ensure quality and performance and are not intended for design purposes. Tests have been selectedto be conducted primarily with liquids that simulate the environment to which the membrane will be subjected during actual use.1.4 Th
6、is specification does not cover water-containment membranes exposed to ultraviolet light.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.6 There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.7 The following preca
7、utionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 1311, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, an
8、d healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicabilityof regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Internationa
9、l Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D374D374/D374M Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation (Metric) D0374_D0374MD412 Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber a
10、nd Thermoplastic ElastomersTensionD543 Practices for Evaluating the Resistance of Plastics to Chemical ReagentsD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1004 Test Method for Tear Resistance (Graves Tear) of Plastic Film and SheetingD1203 Test Methods fo
11、r Volatile Loss From Plastics Using Activated Carbon MethodsD1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated TemperatureD1243 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Vinyl Chloride PolymersD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD72
12、09 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and Products (Withdrawn2015)3E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Su
13、bcommittee D20.24 on Plastic Building Products.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2017. Published November 2012January 2018. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20082012as D4551 96D4551 12.(2008). DOI: 10.1520/D4551-12.10.1520/D4551-17.2 For referencedASTM standa
14、rds, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an AST
15、M standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published
16、by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States12.2 ANSI Standard:Z 26.1 Safety Code for Safety Glazing Materials for G
17、lazing Motor Vehicles Operating on Land Highways32.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes43. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Terminology D883 unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific t
18、o This Standard:3.2.1 water-containment membranea non-porous membrane impervious to water and resistant to permeation by water vaporto an extent that it provides a high degree of certainty that secondary damage from leakage shall not occur.3.2.2 homogeneous sheetingsheeting that is of uniform compos
19、ition throughout its thickness.4. Classification4.1 The sheeting will be subdivided by grades based on thickness:4.1.1 Grade 300.03 in. (0.765 mm).4.1.2 Grade 400.04 in. (1.02 mm).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 This specification covers poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) water-containment membrane formulat
20、ed from PVC materials meetingthe following requirements:5.1.1 APVC resin with an inherent viscosity (logarithmic viscosity number) of not less than 0.92 as determined by Test MethodD1243.5.1.2 A PVC compound density of 1.26/1.29 g/cm3 .5.2 Recycle materials, as defined in Guide D7209, may be used in
21、 this product if shall meet all the requirements in Sections3, 5, 6, and 9 are met by the recycle material. .5.3 The use of water-soluble compounding ingredients shall be prohibited.5.4 Plasticizers that are resistant to migration, mildew, and bacterial degradation shall be used.6. Physical Properti
22、es6.1 The sheeting shall conform to the physical requirements prescribed in Section 9 (Table 1) and Section 1716 (Table 2).3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4 Available from Standardization Documents Order
23、 Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.TABLE 1 Qualification TestsProperty Unit SpecificationGrade 30 Grade 40Thickness in. (mm) 0.030 (0.765), min 0.040 (1.02), minTensile strength lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 60 (10.45), min 80 (14.05), minTensile stress at
24、 100 % elongation lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 30 (5.23), min 40 (7.03), minElongation at break % 300, min 300, minTear resistance lbf/in. (kN/m) of width 185 (32.5), min 250 (43.7), minPinholes number none noneMicro-organism resistance specimen, pass/fail 12 of 12 pass 12 of 12 passPuncture resistance s
25、pecimen, pass/fail 6 of 6 pass 6 of 6 passIndentation resistance specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 passFolding resistance specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 passChemical resistanceDistilled H2O % weight change +1 %, max +1 %, maxSoapy H2O % weight change +2 %, max +2 %, maxAlkali specimen,
26、pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 passHydrostatic pressure test specimen, pass/fail 3 of 3 pass 3 of 3 passShrinkage % original 5 %, max 5 %, maxVolatile loss at 158F % loss 1.5 max 1.5 maxD4551 1726.2 Sheeting shall be compounded so that bonds between sheets used in fabrication of large water-containmen
27、t membranes canbe accomplished in the field without reducing the overall resistance of the membrane to permeation or leakage or significantlyreducing the sheetings physical strength. The manufacturer shall specify recommended bonding procedures in its productliterature.6.3 The sheeting shall be colo
28、red as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase contract.monolithic and homogeneous.6.4 The sheeting shall be monolithic and homogeneous.7. Dimensions7.1 The actual width and length of the sheeting shall be as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.7.1.1 She
29、eting width tolerance shall be +0.5, 0.0 in. (+12.7, 0.0 mm).7.1.2 The length of the sheeting after unrolling and relaxing for 10 min at 73 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) shall be no less than thatspecified in the purchase order.7.1 Minimum thickness of Grade 30 sheeting shall be 0.03 in. (0.765 mm) and minimum t
30、hickness of Grade 40 sheeting shallbe 0.04 in. (1.02 mm).8. Workmanship8.1 If not monitored continuously, a minimum of every hour production shall be sampled and inspected for appearance,thickness, width, and workmanship. The material shall be free of pin holes, foreign inclusions, undispersed mater
31、ials, or otherdefects that could affect serviceability.9. Qualification Tests9.1 The PVC sheeting shall pass all the qualification tests prescribed in Section 11 and Table 1.9.1.1 Any modification of this compound shall require that the sheeting be retested for conformance to this specification. Ina
32、ddition, retesting shall be done every 3 years whether the compound has been modified or not to assess cumulative effects ofswitching suppliers, grades of raw materials, or processing changes.10. Sampling10.1 Test specimens shall be selected at random from production stock. In each roll selected, un
33、its comprising the requirednumber of specimens shall be taken from a portion not including the first or last foot of the roll or portions within 6 in. of the edgeof the roll.11. Test Methods11.1 ThicknessTest five specimens obtained from locations equidistant across the width of the sheet in accorda
34、nce withMethod C of Test Methods D374D374/D374M. Report thickness of each specimen and location in sheet.11.2 Stress-Strain PropertiesDetermine tensile stress at 100 % elongation (modulus), tensile strength, and ultimate elongationin accordance with MethodAof Test Methods D412, using a dumbbell spec
35、imen (Die C). Report physical properties as the averagevalue from testing of 6 specimens.11.3 PinholesExamine sheeting for pinholes by viewing the surface of the sheeting while held under slight-hand tension.Position a bright light source behind the film so as to clearly illuminate the surface witho
36、ut producing glare in the observers eyes.A pinhole is defined as any opening observed in the sheet under the conditions specified. Examine a 12-in. (305-mm) strip fromthe entire width of the sheet and report the presence or absence of pinholes.11.4 Resistance to Chemical ReagentsConduct this test in
37、 accordance with Test Method D543, Procedure 1.11.4.1 Weigh loss after immersion in distilled water at 120F (49C) for 24 h.11.4.2 Weigh loss after immersion in a 1 % soapy water solution at 120F (49C) for 24 h.11.4.3 Alkali Resistance TestThis test indicates the effect of hot alkali solutions on the
38、 plastic membrane materials.TABLE 2 Quality Assurance RequirementsProperty Unit SpecificationGrade 30SpecificationGrade 40Thickness in. (mm) 0.030 (0.765), min 0.040 (1.02), minPinholes number none noneShrinkage at 158F % of original 5 %, max 5 %, maxWidth in. (cm) +0.5 (1.27), 0.0 +0.5 (1.27), 0.0D
39、4551 17311.4.3.1 SpecimensEach test unit shall consist of three specimens of flat material 3 by 3 in. (76 by 76 mm) selected inaccordance with 12.1.11.4.3.2 ProcedureMake a solution by dissolving 5.0 g of reagent-grade sodium hydroxide and 5.0 g of reagent-gradepotassium hydroxide in 1 L of distille
40、d water in a beaker. The solution shall be maintained at a temperature of 150F (66C).11.4.3.3 Immerse each specimen in its own individual beaker of solution in accordance with 11.4.3.2. Immerse the specimenfor 72 h, and completely change the solution every 24 h. Before immersion of a specimen in the
41、 new solution, the solution shallbe at a temperature of 150F (66C).11.4.3.4 Test each specimen for waterproofness in accordance with 11.8 for hydrostatic pressure test.11.5 Microorganism Resistance TestDetermine the resistance of PVC membrane to mold growth in accordance with AnnexA1.11.6 Strength a
42、nd Toughness Tests:11.6.1 Puncture Resistance TestDetermine the resistance of the material to mechanical damage which might occur during theinstallation of the water-containment membrane in accordance with the procedure described in Annex A2.11.6.2 Indentational Resistance TestDetermine the ability
43、of the material to withstand nail-head indentation without impairingwaterproofness. Conduct the test in accordance with the procedure detailed in Annex A3.11.6.3 Folding Resistance TestDetermine the ability of the material to withstand corner folding without impairingwaterproofness in accordance wit
44、h the procedure outlined in Annex A4.11.7 ShrinkageTest for 1 h at 158F (70C) in accordance with Test Method D1204.11.8 Hydrostatic Pressure TestDetermine the ability of plastic membrane material to withstand water pressure without leakingin accordance with the test procedure in Annex A5.11.9 Tear R
45、esistanceDetermine the average value for six specimens in accordance with Test Method D1004.11.10 Volatile LossDetermine volatile loss in accordance with Test Methods D1203, Method A, at 158F (70C) with gradeAC (614 mesh) activated carbon. Test specimens shall be nominal thickness sheeting.NOTE 1Req
46、uirement for WaterVapor Transmission of Materials in Sheet Form (Procedure E of Test Methods E96/E96M) has been deleted untilthe test method is improved to the extent that it can be reproducibly run by commercial laboratories.12. Conditioning12.1 Condition all qualification test specimens at 73 6 4F
47、 (23 6 2C) and 50 6 10 % relative humidity for not less than 40h prior to testing, in accordance with Method A of Methods D618.12.2 In-plant quality control specimens shall be conditioned at 73 6 4F (23 6 2C) for 2 h in air.13. Inspection13.1 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed upon b
48、etween the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchasecontract.13. Certification13.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, the manufacturers or the suppliers certification shall be furnished tothe purchaser stating that samples representing each lot have been manufactured, tested, a
49、nd inspected in accordance with thisspecification and the requirements have been met. When specified in the purchase order or contract, a report of the test results shallbe furnished.14. Product Marking14.1 Material complying with this specification shall be continuously marked and shall include the following spaced out atintervals of not more than 2 ft (610 mm).14.1.1 Manufacturers name (or brand name or trademark).14.1.2 Material designation.14.1.3 Designation, Grade 30 or Grade 40, with which the sheet complies.14.1.4 De
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