1、Designation: D4566 081An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forElectrical Performance Properties of Insulations andJackets for Telecommunications Wire and Cable1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4566; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、 oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEquation in 47.1.1 was editorially changed in January 2012.1. S
3、cope*1.1 These test methods cover procedures for electricaltesting of thermoplastic insulations and jackets used on tele-communications wire and cable and for the testing of electricalcharacteristics of completed products. To determine the proce-dure to be used on the particular insulation or jacket
4、 com-pound, or on the end product, reference should be made to thespecification for the product.1.2 The test methods appear in the following sections of thisstandard:Test Method SectionsElectrical Tests of InsulationIn-Process 4-8DC proof test 8Insulation defect or fault rate 7Spark test 6Electrical
5、 Tests of Completed Wire and Cable 9-51Attenuation 24Attenuation, effects due to aging 31Attenuation, effects due to elevated temperature 29Attenuation, effects due to humidity 30Attenuation to crosstalk ratiofar end (ACR-F) 28Attenuation to crosstalk rationear end (ACR-N) 26Capacitance deviation 19
6、Capacitance difference 20Capacitance unbalance, Pair-to-ground (CUPG) 22Capacitance unbalance, Pair-to-pair (CUPP) 21Capacitance unbalance, Pair-to-support wire 23Characteristic ImpedanceMethod 1 Propagation constantand capacitance47Characteristic ImpedanceMethod 2, Single-endedmeasurements48Charact
7、eristic ImpedanceMethod 3 Least Squares Function Fit 49Coaxial capacitance (capacitance to water) 17Conductor continuity 11Conductor resistance (CR) 13Conductor resistance unbalance (CRU of pairs) 15Continuity of other metallic elements 12Crosses test (continuity between wires of different pairs) 35
8、Crosstalk loss, far-end 27Crosstalk loss, near-end 25DC proof test, Core-to-internal shield (screen) 40Test Method SectionsDC proof test, Core-to-shield 38DC proof test, Core-to-support wire 39DC proof test, Internal shield (screen)-to-shield 41DC proof test, Other required isolations 42DC proof tes
9、t, Wire-to-wire 37Fault rate test (air core only) 33Insulation resistance (IR) 32Jacket voltage breakdown rating test 36Mutual capacitance (CM) 18Mutual conductance 16Phase Constant 44Phase Delay 45Phase Velocity 46Resistance of other metallic cable elements 14Shorts test (continuity between wires o
10、f a pair) 34Structural Return Loss and Return Loss 50Unbalance attenuation (conversion losses) 51Voltage surge test 431.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onl
11、yand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitat
12、ions prior to use. Specific hazardstatements are given in Sections 6 and 37.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsD150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-tio
13、nD1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD2633 Test Methods for Thermoplastic Insulations andJackets for Wire and CableD3426 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Material
14、s and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.18 on Solid Insulations, Non-Metallic Shieldings and Coveringsfor Electrical and Telecommunication Wires and Cables.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 200
15、5 as D4566 051. DOI:10.1520/D4566-08E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Change
16、s section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsUsing Impulse WavesD5423 Specification for Forced-Convection LaboratoryOvens for
17、 Evaluation of Electrical InsulationE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications2.2 ANSI Standard:ANSI/IEEE Standard 100 IEEE Standard Dictionary ofElectrical and Electronics Terms32.3 IEC Standard:IEC 61156-1 Multicore and Symmetrical Pair/Quad
18、Cablesfor Digital CommunicationsPart 1: Generic Specifica-tion33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this stan-dard, refer to Terminology D1711.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 air core, nrefers to products in which the air spacesbetween cable core com
19、ponents (pairs, etc.) remain in theirunfilled or natural state.3.2.2 armored wire or cable, nwire or cable in which theshielded or jacketed or shielded and jacketed wire or cable iscompletely enclosed by a metallic covering designed to protectthe underlying telecommunications elements from mechanica
20、ldamage.3.2.3 cable, telecommunications, nproducts of six ormore pairs.3.2.4 filled core, nthose products in which air spaces arefilled with some materials intended to exclude air or moisture,or both.3.2.5 low frequency cable, ncable used for transmittingsignals at a frequency of 2 MHz or less.3.2.6
21、 pair, ntwo insulated conductors combined with atwist.3.2.7 sheath, nthe jacket and any underlying layers ofshield, armor, or other intermediate material down to but notincluding the core wrap.3.2.8 shielded wire or cable, nwire or cable in which thecore (or inner jacket) is completely enclosed by a
22、 metalliccovering designed to shield the core from electrostatic orelectromagnetic interference, or both.3.2.9 wire, telecommunications, nproducts containingless than six pairs.ELECTRICAL TESTS OF INSULATIONIN-PROCESS4. Scope4.1 In-process electrical tests are used primarily as processcontrol tools
23、in an attempt to minimize the number andmagnitude of problems detected at final test of completedcable.5. Significance and Use5.1 Electrical tests, properly interpreted, provide informa-tion with regard to the electrical properties of the insulation.The electrical test values give an indication as t
24、o how theinsulation will perform under conditions similar to thoseobserved in the tests. Electrical tests may provide data forresearch and development, engineering design, quality control,and acceptance or rejection under specifications.6. Spark Test6.1 The spark test is intended to detect defects i
25、n theinsulation of insulated wire conductors. Spark testers arecommonly used to detect insulation defects (faults) at conduc-tor insulating operations, at pair twisting operations, and(occasionally) at operations for assembly or subassembly ofconductors. In selected instances, spark tests may be use
26、d todetect defects in the jackets of shielded wire and cable, and insuch cases, spark testers appear on cable jacketing lines. Thebasic method calls for a voltage to be applied between agrounded conductor and an electrode that is in mechanicalcontact with the surface of the material being tested. Th
27、e wireor cable under test usually moves continuously against theelectrode. When the dielectric medium is faulty (for example,excessively thin or missing, as in a pin-hole or when mechani-cally damaged), the impressed voltage will produce an arc tothe grounded conductor. This arcing or sparking will
28、usuallyactivate one or more indicators (such as, warning buzzers orlights, counters, etc.) and, when appropriately interlocked, mayhalt the production or movement of the item through the sparktester electrode. For telecommunications products, the numberof faults is usually only counted while product
29、ion continues.Jacket defects may be flagged when detected. Jacket defectsand units of insulated wire containing an excessive number offaults may be repaired or disposed of.6.2 WarningLethal voltages may be present during thistest. It is essential that the test apparatus, and all associatedequipment
30、that may be electrically connected to it, be properlydesigned and installed for safe operation. Solidly ground allelectrically conductive parts that any person might come intocontact with during the test. Provide means for use at thecompletion of any test to ground any parts which: were at highvolta
31、ge during the test; may have acquired an induced chargeduring the test; may retain a charge even after disconnection ofthe voltage source. Thoroughly instruct all operators in theproper way to conduct tests safely. When making high voltagetests, particularly in compressed gas or in oil, the energyre
32、leased at breakdown may be suffcient to result in fire,explosion, or rupture of the test chamber. Design test equip-ment, test chambers, and test specimens so as to minimize thepossibility of personal injury.6.3 Unless otherwise limited by detailed specification re-quirements, spark testers used may
33、 generate either an ac or dctest voltage; if ac, various frequencies may be used. For safetyto personnel, spark test equipment is usually current-limited tolevels normally considered to be non-lethal. Unless otherwisespecified, the test voltage level employed shall be at thediscretion of the manufac
34、turer.6.4 Unless otherwise limited by detailed specification re-quirements, various types of electrodes may be used, at thediscretion of the manufacturer. Bead chains, water, ionized airand spring rods are among electrode types that have beensuccessfully employed. The length of the electrode is also
35、3Available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way, EastEnglewood, CO 80112-5704, http:/.D4566 0812variable; unless otherwise limited by detailed specificationrequirements, electrode size and length shall be such that thetester will operate successfully for any particular rate of travelo
36、f the product through the tester that is used. In spite of currentlimitations, electrodes are normally provided with groundedmetallic screens or shields to guard against accidental person-nel contact.6.5 Both ends of the conductor of an insulated wire, or bothends of a metallic shield under a cable
37、jacket are grounded, andthen attached to the ground side of the tester. Attach the highvoltage side of the tester to the sparker electrode. Set the testvoltage at the level specified. Unless otherwise specified,energize the spark tester whenever the product to be tested ismoving through the electrod
38、e. Take appropriate action (forexample, flag defects, count defects, adjust the process, etc.)when and if defects are detected.6.6 Report:6.6.1 Report the following information recorded on suitableforms (that is, production reports):6.6.1.1 Machine number and type (that is, extruder, twister,etc.),6
39、.6.1.2 Date of production test,6.6.1.3 Insulation type (air core or filled core), conductorgage and footage,6.6.1.4 Voltage level, and6.6.1.5 Number of indicated faults.6.7 Precision and BiasThe precision of this test has notbeen determined. No statement can be made about the bias ofthis spark test
40、since the result merely states whether there isconformance to the criteria for success specified in the productspecification.7. Insulation Defect or Fault RateIn-Process7.1 For purposes of in-process control, it may be desirableto monitor and record in-process faults at a particular operation(such a
41、s, extruders, twisters, etc.) and relate the number ofdefects found to the quantity of product produced.7.2 When appropriate and using records of the quantity ofproduct produced versus the number of insulation defectscounted, a fault rate may be established as a ratio as follows:Fault Rate 5NL51X(1)
42、where:N = the number of faults detected,L = the length of the product over which the faults aredetected, andX = the average length of the product per fault.7.3 Fault rates may be determined for any particular timeframe as desired; however, minimum industry practice is tokeep fault rate records cover
43、ing periods approximating 1month, with cumulative records kept for 6-month periods (forexample, for the first 6 months of the year, the fault rate was1/40 000 ft, meaning 1 fault/40 000 conductor ft).7.4 ReportReport in accordance with 6.6.7.5 Precision and BiasThe precision of this test has notbeen
44、 determined. No statement can be made about the bias ofthis test for insulation defect or fault rate since the resultmerely states whether there is conformance to the criteria forsuccess specified in the product specification.8. DC Proof TestIn-Process8.1 For purposes of in-process control, it may b
45、e desirableto dc proof test product at one or more stages of processingprior to the final test operation. Such testing is normally at thediscretion of the manufacturer.8.2 Conduct wire-to-wire dc proof tests in accordance withSection 37 following, at whatever stage of production may beappropriate an
46、d designated by the factory management.8.3 ReportReport in accordance with Section 52 exceptthat 52.1.5 does not apply.8.4 Precision and BiasThe precision of this test has notbeen determined. No statement can be made about the bias ofthis dc proof test since the result merely states whether there is
47、conformance to the criteria for success specified in the productspecification.ELECTRICAL TESTS OF COMPLETED WIREAND CABLE9. Scope9.1 Electrical tests of completed wire and cable may includeverification of some or all of the properties in accordance withSections 11 through 51.10. Significance and Use
48、10.1 Electrical tests, properly interpreted, provide informa-tion with regard to the electrical properties of the insulation orof the jacket, or both. The electrical test values give anindication as to how the wire or cable, or both, will performunder conditions similar to those observed in the test
49、s. Elec-trical test may provide data for research and development,engineering design, quality control, and acceptance or rejectionunder specifications.11. Conductor Continuity11.1 Continuity of the conductors of a telecommunicationswire and cable is a critical characteristic.11.2 Unless otherwise specified or agreed upon, conductorcontinuity shall be verified using a dc potential of 100 V orless. Manual continuity checkers commonly take a form of abattery voltage source of 9 V, in series with a visible or audibleindicator with hand-
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