1、Designation: D4592 12Standard Specification forPreformed Retroreflective Pavement Marking Tape forLimited Service Life1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4592; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers white or yellow preformedretroreflective pavement marking tapes that are designed top
3、rovide a service life of typically 3 to 6 months, depending onwear and durability factors.1.2 The tapes are intended for use as longitudinal,transverse, or word/symbol pavement markings that providedelineation day and night. The tapes may be either removableor nonremovable.1.3 The values stated in i
4、nch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard except where noted in the document. The valuesgiven in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI unitsthat are provided for information only and are not consideredstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1000 Test Methods for Pressur
5、e-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applica-tionsD4061 Test Method for Retroreflectance of Horizontal Coat-ingsD6628 Specification for Color of Pavement Marking Mate-rialsE303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Frictional Proper-ties Using the British Pendulum TesterE
6、1710 Test Method for Measurement of RetroreflectivePavement Marking Materials with CEN-Prescribed Ge-ometry Using a Portable Retroreflectometer2.2 Federal Standard:3Fed Std Test Method 1412.3 CIE Publications:4No. 15.2 ColorimetryNo. 39.2 Recommendations for Surface Colours for VisualSignaling3. Ter
7、minology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 limited service life or perioda minimum serviceperiod of three months when placed in accordance with themanufacturers recommended procedures on pavement sur-faces.NOTE 1See Section 7 for factors affecting durability.3.1.2 preformed tapecontinuous, flexible pavement mark
8、-ing material that is essentially complete and that may be affixedto or imbedded in the road surface without fundamentallyaltering its configuration.3.1.3 retroreflectionreflection in which radiation is re-turned in directions close to the direction from which it came,this property being maintained
9、over wide variations of thedirection of the incident radiation.3.1.4 retroreflectorsurface or device that reflects and re-turns a relatively high proportion of light in a direction close tothe light source. This characteristic is maintained over a widevariation of the angle made by the incident ligh
10、t ray and thenormal to the retroreflective surface.3.1.5 surface patterna pattern on the surface with areas ofraised surface area.4. Classification4.1 Pavement marking tape manufactured according to thisspecification shall be identified as Type I or Type II:4.1.1 Type I (Removable)Marking tapes, aft
11、er serving theintended limited service life, shall be removable from asphaltor portland cement concrete surfaces at pavement temperaturesabove 40F (4C) intact or in pieces no less than about 93 in.2(600 cm2) in area, either manually or with a mechanical devicewithout the use of heat, solvents, grind
12、ing, or blasting that1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 onHighway Traffic Control Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2012. Published January 2013. Originallyapproved in 1986.
13、 Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D4592 05. DOI:10.1520/D4592-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe
14、ASTM website.3Available from Naval Publications and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Ave,Philadelphia, PA 19120.4Available from USNC-CIE Publications Office, TLA Lighting Consultants,Inc., 7 Pond Street, Salem, MA 01970.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
15、19428-2959. United States1would damage or discolor the pavement so as to leave animpressed traffic lane mark.4.1.2 Type II (Non-Removable)This type of tape shall notbe required to have removal characteristics as in 4.1.1.NOTE 2Type II tapes are most often used for short term applicationsin which mar
16、kings are paved over during successive road constructionoperations.5. Ordering Information5.1 The purchaser using this specification shall include thefollowing information:5.1.1 ASTM designation (D4592),5.1.2 Classification Type (I or II; see 4.1),5.1.3 Daytime color (See 6.3),5.1.4 Width and length
17、 of rolls, and5.1.5 Any additional information.6. Requirements6.1 Physical Requirements:6.1.1 The marking tape shall be a reflective film coated witha pressure-sensitive adhesive with or without a protective liner.6.1.2 The marking tape shall be flexible and shall conformto the typical road pavement
18、 surface.6.1.3 The marking tape shall adhere to asphalt or portlandcement concrete roadway surfaces when applied according tothe manufacturers recommended procedures on pavementsurfaces having temperatures down to 50F (10C) at the timeof application.6.1.4 Immediately following application, the tape
19、shall notrequire a cure or set time prior to opening to traffic.6.1.5 The tape as supplied shall be free of cracks, and havetrue, straight, and unbroken edges. The actual width of rolls ofpreformed marking tape used for striping shall be no less thanthe nominal (stated) width and no more than18 in.
20、(3 mm)greater than the nominal width. The length shall be no less thanthe stated length.6.2 Retroreflection:6.2.1 The marking tape shall be retroreflective, reflectingwhite or yellow, respectively, and shall be readily visible whenviewed with automobile headlights at night and shall haveminimum refl
21、ective values as shown in Table 1 when measuredin accordance with the photometric testing procedures of TestMethod D4061 or E1710.NOTE 3Retroreflectance may be dependent on the direction in whichthe material is manufactured (in other words, upweb RLmay differ fromdownweb RL.)6.2.2 The retroreflectan
22、ce of the marking tape shall bemeasured in one roll-winding direction and then re-measuredin the opposite direction. Both measured values shall complywith the stated RLminimum.6.2.3 Reflective values shall be expressed as coefficient ofretroreflected luminance (RL) in millicandelas per square meterp
23、er lux (millicandelas per square foot per footcandle).6.2.3.1 DiscussionThe values presented for the coefficientof retroreflected luminance (RL) are presented in SI units,which are the accepted worldwide norm for expressing thisvalue, rather than in inch-pounds.6.3 Color:6.3.1 The white and yellow m
24、arking tape shall conform tothe requirements of Specification D6628.6.4 Adhesion:6.4.1 A sample of tape, 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width, appliedaccording to the manufacturers recommended procedure andtested in accordance with Test Methods D1000, shall haveminimum adhesion values as shown in Table 2.6.5 Sk
25、id Resistance:6.5.1 The Type I marking tape shall have an averageminimum frictional resistance value of 45 BPN (British Pen-dulum Number) when tested according to Test Method E303.NOTE 4Skid resistance is not required for Type II non-removabletapes that are typically applied for a short duration and
26、 then paved over.NOTE 5Skid resistance levels of 45 BPN correspond to tapes havingexposed retroreflective glass beads. Higher levels of skid resistance areachievable with the addition of skid-resistant elements.NOTE 6For tapes with a surface pattern, results are often quitevariable. These tapes may
27、be tested in a direction parallel to the flow oftraffic and 45 from the direction of traffic, and the results averaged.7. Durability and Wear Resistance7.1 Factors Affecting Durability and Wear Resistance:7.1.1 Features of the pavement marking tape, such asthickness and wear surface material, may af
28、fect durability. Ingeneral, thicker materials wear longer than thinner materials ofthe same composition. Wear surfaces composed of hardermaterials, such as urethanes, may be more durable than thosemade of softer materials, like vinyl.7.1.2 Roadway characteristics affect durability. Rough roadsurface
29、s, porous surfaces, and high traffic volumes tend todecrease service life of markings. A high percentage of largevehicles tends to decrease service life. Locations where ve-hicles encroach or turn on the markings decrease service life.Techniques and materials used for control of ice and snow alsoaff
30、ect durability.7.2 Because no practical laboratory procedures have beendetermined to provide complete, reliable, predictive informa-tion on durability and wear resistance, the user is encouraged toseek information from alternate sources.NOTE 7The National Transportation Product Evaluation Program,ad
31、ministered by AASHTO, publishes data on the durability of manypavement marking tapes gathered from various annual test decks. TheseTABLE 1 Reflectivity Values for Dry SamplesAEntranceAngleObservationAngleMinimum Reflective Value, (RL)White Yellow88.76 1.05 500 300AMinimum Retroreflectivity (RL) mcd
32、m2)lx1(mcd ft2(fc)1)TABLE 2 AdhesionApplicationTemperatureF (C)TestTemperatureF (C)Minimum Adhesion,N50 (10) 50 (10) 4.8875 (24) 75 (24) 4.88115 (46) 115 (46) 4.88D4592 122decks feature a wide variety of conditions, which may or may not beapplicable to the users needs.8. Storage8.1 Storage Character
33、isticsThe marking tape as suppliedshall have a minimum shelf life of one year from the date ofpurchase when stored at temperatures between 50 and 100F(10 and 38C).9. Packaging and Marking9.1 The marking tape shall be packaged in rolls and thereshall be no more than 3 splices/164 ft (50 m) of length.
34、9.2 The tape shall be packaged in accordance with acceptedcommercial standards.10. Keywords10.1 pavement marking; pavement marking tape; retrore-flectance; tapeAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DISCUSSION OF “30-METRE” GEOMETRYX1.1 The European Committee for Standardization (CEN)originally devel
35、oped the geometry used in this standard formeasuring the retroreflectance of preformed tape (entranceangle 88.76 and observation angle 1.05). The angles werederived using theoretically typical heights for headlamps anddrivers eyes. These heights were further simplified by assum-ing a single headlamp
36、 is mounted directly under the driverseye (see Fig. X1.1). The geometry is considered a goodapproximation for drivers viewing preformed tape on a flatroad, 30 m ahead of a car.FIG. X1.1 CEN 30 Metre GeometryD4592 123ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights as
37、serted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time
38、by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will rec
39、eive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Int
40、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4592 124
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