1、Designation: D4592 12 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Specification forPreformed Retroreflective Pavement Marking Tape forLimited Service Life1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4592; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers white or yellow preformedretroreflective pavement marking tapes tha
3、t are designed toprovide a service life of typically three to six months, depend-ing on wear and durability factors.1.2 The tapes are intended for use as longitudinal,transverse, or word/symbol pavement markings that providedelineation day and night. The tapes may be either removableor nonremovable.
4、1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard except where noted in the document. The valuesgiven in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI unitsthat are provided for information only and are not consideredstandard.1.4 This international standard was developed i
5、n accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2
6、.1 ASTM Standards:2D1000 Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applica-tionsD4061 Test Method for Retroreflectance of Horizontal Coat-ingsD6628 Specification for Color of Pavement Marking Mate-rialsE303 Test Method for Measuring Surface Friction
7、al Proper-ties Using the British Pendulum TesterE1710 Test Method for Measurement of RetroreflectivePavement Marking Materials with CEN-Prescribed Ge-ometry Using a Portable Retroreflectometer2.2 Federal Standard:3Fed Std Test Method 1412.3 CIE Publications:4No. 15.2 ColorimetryNo. 39.2 Recommendati
8、ons for Surface Colours for VisualSignaling3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 limited service life or perioda minimum serviceperiod of three months when placed in accordance with themanufacturers recommended procedures on pavement sur-faces.NOTE 1See Section 7 for factors affecting durability.3.1.2
9、 preformed tapecontinuous, flexible pavement mark-ing material that is essentially complete and that may be affixedto or imbedded in the road surface without fundamentallyaltering its configuration.3.1.3 retroreflectionreflection in which radiation is re-turned in directions close to the direction f
10、rom which it came,this property being maintained over wide variations of thedirection of the incident radiation.3.1.4 retroreflectorsurface or device that reflects and re-turns a relatively high proportion of light in a direction close tothe light source. This characteristic is maintained over a wid
11、evariation of the angle made by the incident light ray and thenormal to the retroreflective surface.3.1.5 surface patterna pattern on the surface with areas ofraised surface area.4. Classification4.1 Pavement marking tape manufactured according to thisspecification shall be identified as Type I or T
12、ype II:1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 onHighway Traffic Control Materials.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017. Published October 2017. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous
13、edition approved in 2012 as D4592 12. DOI:10.1520/D4592-12R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website
14、.3Available from Naval Publications and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Ave,Philadelphia, PA 19120.4Available from U.S. National Committee of the CIE (International Commissionon Illumination), c/o Thomas M. Lemons, TLA-Lighting Consultants, Inc., 7 PondSt., Salem, MA 01970, http:/www.cie-usnc.org.Copyright
15、 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International
16、Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.1.1 Type I (Removable)Marking tapes, after serving theintended limited service life, shall be removable from asphaltor portland cement concrete surfaces at pavement temperature
17、sabove 40 F (4 C) intact or in pieces no less than about 93 in.2(600 cm2) in area, either manually or with a mechanical devicewithout the use of heat, solvents, grinding, or blasting thatwould damage or discolor the pavement so as to leave animpressed traffic lane mark.4.1.2 Type II (Non-Removable)T
18、his type of tape shall notbe required to have removal characteristics as in 4.1.1.NOTE 2Type II tapes are most often used for short-term applicationsin which markings are paved over during successive road constructionoperations.5. Ordering Information5.1 The purchaser using this specification shall
19、include thefollowing information:5.1.1 ASTM designation (D4592),5.1.2 Classification Type (I or II; see 4.1),5.1.3 Daytime color (see 6.3),5.1.4 Width and length of rolls, and5.1.5 Any additional information.6. Requirements6.1 Physical Requirements:6.1.1 The marking tape shall be a reflective film c
20、oated witha pressure-sensitive adhesive with or without a protective liner.6.1.2 The marking tape shall be flexible and shall conformto the typical road pavement surface.6.1.3 The marking tape shall adhere to asphalt or portlandcement concrete roadway surfaces when applied according tothe manufactur
21、ers recommended procedures on pavementsurfaces having temperatures down to 50 F (10 C) at the timeof application.6.1.4 Immediately following application, the tape shall notrequire a cure or set time prior to opening to traffic.6.1.5 The tape as supplied shall be free of cracks, and havetrue, straigh
22、t, and unbroken edges. The actual width of rolls ofpreformed marking tape used for striping shall be no less thanthe nominal (stated) width and no more than18 in. (3 mm)greater than the nominal width. The length shall be no less thanthe stated length.6.2 Retroreflection:6.2.1 The marking tape shall
23、be retroreflective, reflectingwhite or yellow, respectively, and shall be readily visible whenviewed with automobile headlights at night and shall haveminimum reflective values as shown in Table 1 when measuredin accordance with the photometric testing procedures of TestMethod D4061 or E1710.NOTE 3R
24、etroreflectance may be dependent on the direction in whichthe material is manufactured (in other words, upweb RLmay differ fromdownweb RL.)6.2.2 The retroreflectance of the marking tape shall bemeasured in one roll-winding direction and then re-measuredin the opposite direction. Both measured values
25、 shall complywith the stated RLminimum.6.2.3 Reflective values shall be expressed as coefficient ofretroreflected luminance (RL) in millicandelas per square meterper lux (millicandelas per square foot per footcandle).NOTE 4The values presented for the coefficient of retroreflectedluminance (RL) are
26、presented in SI units, which are the acceptedworldwide norm for expressing this value, rather than in inch-pounds.6.3 Color:6.3.1 The white and yellow marking tape shall conform tothe requirements of Specification D6628.6.4 Adhesion:6.4.1 A sample of tape, 1 in. (25.4 mm) in width, appliedaccording
27、to the manufacturers recommended procedure andtested in accordance with Test Methods D1000, shall haveminimum adhesion values as shown in Table 2.6.5 Skid Resistance:6.5.1 The Type I marking tape shall have an averageminimum frictional resistance value of 45 BPN (British Pen-dulum Number) when teste
28、d according to Test Method E303.NOTE 5Skid resistance is not required for Type II non-removabletapes that are typically applied for a short duration and then paved over.NOTE 6Skid resistance levels of 45 BPN correspond to tapes havingexposed retroreflective glass beads. Higher levels of skid resista
29、nce areachievable with the addition of skid-resistant elements.NOTE 7For tapes with a surface pattern, results are often quitevariable. These tapes may be tested in a direction parallel to the flow oftraffic and 45 from the direction of traffic, and the results averaged.7. Durability and Wear Resist
30、ance7.1 Factors Affecting Durability and Wear Resistance:7.1.1 Features of the pavement marking tape, such asthickness and wear surface material, may affect durability. Ingeneral, thicker materials wear longer than thinner materials ofthe same composition. Wear surfaces composed of hardermaterials,
31、such as urethanes, may be more durable than thosemade of softer materials, like vinyl.7.1.2 Roadway characteristics affect durability. Rough roadsurfaces, porous surfaces, and high traffic volumes tend todecrease service life of markings. A high percentage of largevehicles tends to decrease service
32、life. Locations where ve-hicles encroach or turn on the markings decrease service life.Techniques and materials used for control of ice and snow alsoaffect durability.TABLE 1 Reflectivity Values for Dry SamplesAEntranceAngleObservationAngleMinimum Reflective Value, (RL)White Yellow88.76 1.05 500 300
33、AMinimum Retroreflectivity (RL) mcd m2)lx1(mcd ft2(fc)1)TABLE 2 AdhesionApplicationTemperatureF (C)TestTemperatureF (C)Minimum Adhesion,N50 (10) 50 (10) 4.8875 (24) 75 (24) 4.88115 (46) 115 (46) 4.88D4592 12 (2017)27.2 Because no practical laboratory procedures have beendetermined to provide complet
34、e, reliable, predictive informa-tion on durability and wear resistance, the user is encouraged toseek information from alternate sources.NOTE 8The National Transportation Product Evaluation Program,administered by AASHTO, publishes data on the durability of manypavement marking tapes gathered from v
35、arious annual test decks. Thesedecks feature a wide variety of conditions, which may or may not beapplicable to the users needs.8. Storage8.1 Storage CharacteristicsThe marking tape as suppliedshall have a minimum shelf life of one year from the date ofpurchase when stored at temperatures between 50
36、 and 100 F(10 and 38 C).9. Packaging and Marking9.1 The marking tape shall be packaged in rolls and thereshall be no more than three splices/164 ft (50 m) of length.9.2 The tape shall be packaged in accordance with acceptedcommercial standards.10. Keywords10.1 pavement marking; pavement marking tape
37、; retrore-flectance; tapeAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. DISCUSSION OF “30-METRE” GEOMETRYX1.1 The European Committee for Standardization (CEN)originally developed the geometry used in this standard formeasuring the retroreflectance of preformed tape (entranceangle 88.76 and observation angle
38、1.05). The angles werederived using theoretically typical heights for headlamps anddrivers eyes. These heights were further simplified by assum-ing a single headlamp is mounted directly under the driverseye (see Fig. X1.1). The geometry is considered a goodapproximation for drivers viewing preformed
39、 tape on a flatroad, 30 m ahead of a car.FIG. X1.1 CEN 30-Metre GeometryD4592 12 (2017)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of
40、 the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.
41、Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comme
42、nts have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or m
43、ultiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 12 (2017)4
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