1、Designation: D4725 15Standard Terminology forEngine Coolants and Related Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4725; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This document covers terminology relating to enginecoolants. It is intended to provide a reference for anyoneseeking information on engine coolants, a
3、nd also to provide auniform set of definitions for use in preparing ASTMspecifications, test methods and other standard documents.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establis
4、h appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3306 Specification for Glycol Base Engine Coolant forAutomobile and Light-Duty ServiceD3585 Specificatio
5、n for ASTM Reference Fluid for CoolantTestsD4985 Specification for Low Silicate Ethylene Glycol BaseEngine Coolant for Heavy Duty Engines Requiring aPre-Charge of Supplemental Coolant Additive (SCA)D6210 Specification for Fully-Formulated Glycol Base En-gine Coolant for Heavy-Duty EnginesD6471 Speci
6、fication for Recycled Prediluted Aqueous Gly-col Base Engine Coolant (50 Volume % Minimum) forAutomobile and Light-Duty ServiceD6472 Specification for Recycled Glycol Base Engine Cool-ant Concentrate for Automobile and Light-Duty ServiceE1177 Specification for Engine Coolant Grade Glycol2.2 ISO Stan
7、dard:ISO 22241 Diesel engines - NOx reduction agent AUS 323. Terminologyantifoam, na substance added to engine coolant concentrate,corrosion inhibitor packages, or supplemental coolant addi-tives to prevent or suppress foam.DISCUSSIONEliminating foam improves heat transfer.antifreeze, na term freque
8、ntly used in the marketplace forengine coolant concentrate. (See engine coolant concen-trate.)antirust, nan inhibitor package, solid or liquid, intended tobe diluted with water or glycol for use in an engine coolingsystem to mitigate rust and corrosion.ash content, nthe residue from an engine coolan
9、tconcentrate, antirust, or engine coolant that remains afterevaporation, charring, and ignition at strong heat.boiling point, nthe temperature at which the vapor pressureof an engine coolant reaches atmospheric pressure underequilibrium boiling conditions.cavitation corrosion, na form of localized,
10、acceleratedcorrosion characterized by deep pitting and caused by highmechanical forces resulting from coolant vapor bubblecollapse at the surface of the metal.cavitation erosion corrosion, nthe mechanical removal ofprotective films on metal by the formation and collapse ofvapor bubbles in a liquid,
11、and the abrasive action of a liquid,which may contain suspended solids, moving at high veloc-ity.DISCUSSIONThe mechanical removal of the protective films exposesfresh metal to corrosive attack.coolant additive package, nthe combination of inhibitorsadded to an engine coolant to mitigate cooling syst
12、emdegradation, corrosion, scaling, and foaming, or to provideother desirable properties.corrosion inhibitor package, nthe combination of inhibitorsadded to an engine coolant to mitigate cooling systemcorrosion.corrosive water, na standard solution containing 100 ppmeach of sulfate, chloride, and bic
13、arbonate ions introduced asthe sodium salts to distilled water.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D15 on EngineCoolants and Related Fluids and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD15.92 on Terminology.Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published May 2015. Origin
14、allyapproved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4725 13. DOI:10.1520/D4725-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Documen
15、t Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1diesel exhaust fluid (DEF), npreparation of aqueous urea(NH2)2CO, containing 32.5 % by weight of technicallypure urea in high-purity water with quality
16、characteristicsdefined by ISO 22241.dye, na colorant added to an engine coolant to give it adistinctive color.engine coolant, na fluid used to transfer heat from an engineto the radiator, usually containing specific amounts ofglycols, water, corrosion inhibitors, and a foam supressor.DISCUSSIONEngin
17、e coolants may also contain supplemental coolantadditives.engine coolant concentrate, na formulated liquid productintended to be diluted with water for use in engine coolingsystems.DISCUSSIONFunctionally, the product provides a lower freeze pointand mitigates corrosion and foaming.engine dynamometer
18、 test, na laboratory full-scale enginetest designed to evaluate corrosion protection and inhibitorstability of engine coolants under simulated operationalconditions.erosion corrosion, nnonuniform, accelerated corrosion char-acterized by a smooth appearance and caused by highvelocity coolant.DISCUSSI
19、ONThe corrosive attack may be aggravated by suspendedsolids.extended life coolant, nan engine coolant for light-dutyservice vehicles with recommended change-out of the cool-ant after 160 000 km (100 000 miles), 5 years, or 4000operating hours.foaming tendencies, na laboratory test conducted in glass
20、-ware to evaluate the tendency of an engine coolant to foamunder standard conditions of aeration and temperature.freezing point, nthe temperature at which crystallizationbegins in the absence of supercooling, or the maximumtemperature reached immediately after initial crystal forma-tion in the case
21、of supercooling, or the temperature at whichsolid crystals, formed on cooling, disappear when thetemperature of the specimen is allowed to rise.glassware corrosion test, na laboratory screening test forevaluating the corrosion protection properties of enginecoolants on metal test specimens under con
22、trolled conditionsof aeration and temperature.glycol bottoms, nthe residue in the still after final distillationof most of the glycol and dimers, trimers and tetramers fromthe output stream of a glycol reactor.DISCUSSIONThe residue may include some glycol and dimers,trimers and tetramers, aldehydes,
23、 acids, and various other oxidationproducts. It is generally acidic, with a strong, offensive odor and a darkcolor. It is regarded as unsuitable for the production of engine coolant.glycol engine coolant concentrate, nan engine coolantconcentrate in which the freeze point depressant is ethyleneor pr
24、opylene glycol, with inhibitors to minimize foamingand corrosion.DISCUSSIONSmall amounts of other glycols may be present.heavy-duty, adjin internal combustion engine operation,characterized by average speeds, power output, and internaltemperatures that are generally close to the potential maxi-mums.
25、heavy-duty engine, nin internal combustion engine types,one that is designed to allow operation continuously at orclose to its peak output.DISCUSSIONThis type of engine is typically used in (a) Class 5 to 8over-the-road trucks and buses, (b) off-highway machinery foragricultural, earthmoving, constr
26、uction, and mining, (c) high-outputstationary engine applications, and (d) locomotive and marine applica-tions.hydrometer-thermometer field tester, na device designedto indicate the freezing point of an engine coolant bymeasurement of the relative density of the coolant at aspecific temperature.inhi
27、bitor, na chemical compound added to engine coolant tomitigate cooling system degradation.DISCUSSIONExamples of inhibitors are corrosion inhibitors, foaminhibitors, and scale inhibitorslight-duty, adjin internal combustion engine operation,characterized by average speeds, power output, and internalt
28、emperatures that are generally much lower than the poten-tial maximums.light duty engine, nin internal combustion engine types, onethat is designed to be normally operated at substantially lessthan its peak output.DISCUSSIONThis type of engine is typically installed in (a)automobiles, (b) pickup tru
29、cks, vans, and sport utility vehicles, (c)small farm tractors, and (d) lawn maintenance equipment.liner pitting, ncavities that develop on the coolant side ofcast iron cylinder liners as a result of cavitation corrosion.DISCUSSIONThis predominantly occurs on the thrust side of heavy-duty diesel cyli
30、nder walls.low-silicate coolant concentrate, nan engine coolant con-centrate containing not more than 250 ppm silicon.multiphase coolant, nan engine coolant composed of im-miscible liquids or undissolved solids, or both.non-aqueous coolant, na glycol, diol, triol, or mixturesthereof, based heat tran
31、sfer fluid containing less than 1.0 %water when formulated and intended for final use withoutdilution with water.other glycols, nin ethylene glycol based engine coolant,diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol,propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol,and 1,3 propa
32、nediol.other glycols, nin propylene glycol based engine coolant,ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetra-ethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, and 1,3 propanediol.prediluted aqueous ethylene glycol coolant, na commer-cially prepared uniform solution (50 % by volume mini-mum) of
33、ethylene-glycol-based engine coolant concentrateand deionized water (described in Specification D1193, TypeIV).D4725 152DISCUSSIONThe prediluted coolant is intended for direct addition toan engine cooling system.propylene glycol, nin engine coolants, 1,2 propanediol asreferred to in Specifications D
34、3306, D4985, D6210, D6471,D6472, and E1177.recycled engine coolant, nengine coolant formulated usingother than virgin materials.redistilled glycol, nglycol that is reprocessed/recycled fromused aqueous glycol base engine coolants or glycols pro-duced from other sources, including industrial processe
35、s byvolatilizing and condensing the glycol components withindistillation equipment.DISCUSSIONEfforts are being made within D15.15 on RecycledCoolants, to produce a specification for redistilled glycol that addressesrecycling used aqueous glycol base engine coolants and glycols fromother sources, inc
36、luding industrial processes.reference test fluid, na standard glycol-base test fluid,described in Specification D3585, used by laboratories toevaluate test methods and procedures.refractometer, nan instrument used to indicate the freezingpoint of engine coolants by refractive index.relative density,
37、 nthe ratio of the mass of a given volume ofliquid to the mass of an equal volume of pure water at thesame temperature.DISCUSSIONWhen reporting results, explicitly state the standardreference temperature (for example, relative density 15.56/15.56C(60/60F).reserve alkalinity, adja term applied to eng
38、ine coolantconcentrates and antirusts to indicate the amount of alkalineinhibitors present in the product.round-robin test, nthe practice of planning, conducting,analyzing, and interpreting the results of interlaboratory testson the chemical and physical properties of engine coolants.scale suppressa
39、nt, na substance added to engine coolantconcentrates, corrosion inhibitor packages, or supplementalcoolant additives that helps prevent the formation of hardwater mineral scale.DISCUSSIONScale will insulate and reduce heat transfer.silicate gel, na jelly-like substance consisting of polymerizedsilic
40、ate and entrapped coolant.simulated service corrosion test, nevaluation of the effectsof a circulating engine coolant on metal test specimens andautomotive cooling system components under controlled,essentially isothermal laboratory conditions.soluble oil, na combination of mineral oil base and one
41、ormore polar organic materials, such as petroleum sulfonates,sulfated vegetable oils, and fatty acids or their salts.stop-leak additives, na compound containing particulatesthat is added to the cooling system for the purpose ofstopping or minimizing leaks.supercooling, nan unstable state in which an
42、 engine coolantexists as a liquid below its normal freezing point.supplemental coolant additive (SCA) maintenance dose,nsmaller periodic additions of SCA, subsequent to theprecharge dose of SCA, required to maintain protectionagainst general corrosion, cylinder liner pitting, and scalingin heavy-dut
43、y engines.supplemental coolant additive (SCA) precharge dose,ninitial concentration of SCAin engine coolant required toenable the coolant to provide adequate protection againstcylinder liner pitting and scaling in heavy-duty engines plusgeneral corrosion protection when water only is used as acoolan
44、t.test strip, na diagnostic tool that contains chemically treatedtest pads that react with the sample causing the test pad tochange color. The test pad is then compared to a calibratedtest key to determine the level of a target ingredient.virgin glycol, nglycol that has not been used previously.4. K
45、eywords4.1 antifreeze; engine coolant; terminologyThis standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for add
46、itional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to t
47、he ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at th
48、e aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 153
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