1、Designation: D 4803 97 (Reapproved 2002)e1An American National StandardStandard Test Method forPredicting Heat Buildup in PVC Building Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4803; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEFootnote text inadvertently left out of Table 1 was reinserted editorially in March 2003.1
3、. Scope *1.1 This test method covers prediction of the heat buildup inrigid and flexible PVC building products above ambient airtemperature, relative to black, which occurs due to absorptionof the suns energy.NOTE 1This test method is expected to be applicable to all types ofcolored plastics. The re
4、sponsible subcommittee intends to broaden thescope beyond PVC when data on other materials is submitted for review.NOTE 2There are no ISO standards covering the primary subjectmatter of this test method.1.2 Rigid PVC exterior profile extrusions for assembledwindows and doors are covered in Specifica
5、tion D 4726.1.3 Rigid PVC exterior profiles for fencing are covered inSpecification F 964.1.4 Rigid PVC siding profiles are covered in SpecificationD 3679.1.5 Rigid PVC soffit profiles are covered in SpecificationD 4477.1.6 Rigid PVC and Rigid CPVC plastic building productscompounds are covered in S
6、pecification D 4216.1.7 The text of this test method references notes andfootnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes andfootnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of this test method.1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regar
7、dedas the standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to
8、use. Specific safetyhazard statements are given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics2D 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlastics2D 1898 Practice for Sampling Plastics3D 3010 Practice for Preparing Compression-Molded TestSample
9、 Plaques of Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Com-pounds4D 3679 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Siding5D 4216 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)and Related PVC and CPVC Plastic Building ProductCompounds6D 4477 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Soffit5D 4726
10、 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)Exterior Profile Extrusions Used for Assembled Windowsand Doors5E 631 Terminology of Building Construction7F 964 Specification for Rigid Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)Exterior Profiles Used for Fencing73. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in acc
11、ordance with Termi-nologies D 883 or E 631 and abbreviations with TerminologyD 1600 unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat buildupthe increase in temperature above thatof ambient air due to the amount of energy absorbed by aspecimen from the sun.1Thi
12、s test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.24 on Plastic BuildingProducts.Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002. Published March 2003. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 4803 97.2
13、Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.3Discontinued. See 1997 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.4Discontinued. Replaced by D 4703, Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol08.03.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.04.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol
14、04.11.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.2 temperature risethe increase in temperature abovethat of ambient (laboratory) air due to absorption of ener
15、gyfrom a heating lamp (source).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The PVC product (extruded product, injection moldedpart, or compression molded) is cut apart to obtain a flat testspecimen at least 3 by 3 by 0.060 6 0.020 in. (76 by 76 by 1.56 0.5 mm).4.2 The test specimen is heated under the infrared ref
16、lectiveheat lamp to determine the temperature rise above ambient(laboratory) temperature relative to a black control sample.4.3 The temperature rise data, obtained in the laboratory fora given test specimen, is then used to predict the heat buildup,which may occur outdoors due to the sun.5. Signific
17、ance and Use5.1 Heat buildup in PVC exterior building products due toabsorption of the energy from the sun may lead to distortionproblems. Heat buildup is affected by the color, emittance,absorptance, and reflectance of a product. Generally, the darkerthe color of the product, the more energy is abs
18、orbed and thegreater is the heat buildup. However, even with the sameapparent color, the heat buildup may vary due to the specificpigment system involved. The greatest heat buildup generallyoccurs in the color black containing carbon black pigment. Theblack control sample used in this test method co
19、ntains 2.5 partsof furnace black per 100 parts of PVC suspension resin. Themaximum temperature rise above ambient temperature for thisblack is 90F (50C) for a 45 or horizontal surface when thesun is perpendicular to the surface and 74F (41C) for avertical surface assuming that the measurements were
20、done ona cloudless day with no wind and heavy insulation on the backof the specimen.8See Appendix X1.5.2 This test method allows the measurement of the tem-perature rise under a specific type heat lamp, relative to that ofa black reference surface, thus predicting the heat buildup dueto the suns ene
21、rgy.5.3 The test method allows prediction of heat buildup ofvarious colors or pigment systems, or both.5.4 This test method gives a relative heat buildup comparedto black under certain defined severe conditions but does notpredict actual application temperatures of the product. Thesewill also depend
22、 on air temperature, incident angle of the sun,clouds, wind velocity, insulation, installation behind glass, etc.6. Apparatus6.1 Testing ApparatusThe apparatus shall be constructedessentially as shown in Fig. 1 and shall consist of thefollowing:6.1.1 Wooden Box, opened from the top and the front and
23、lined with 1-in. (25.4-mm) thick white rigid hydrous calciumsilicate heat insulation.6.1.2 White Infrared Heat Lamp, 250-W.96.1.3 Thermocouple, 40-gage Type J (iron-constantan); orequivalent.6.1.4 Digital Read-Out Temperature Meter, Type J; orequivalent.NOTE 3The type of insulation may affect absolu
24、te temperature rise.However, the calculated values of predicted maximum heat buildup,relative to a black does not appear to be affected, based on a laboratorystudy comparing white rigid hydrous calcium silicate heat insulation withaluminum foil insulation having equivalent thermal resistance.NOTE 4T
25、he intensity of the heat lamp has an effect on absolutetemperature rise, however, it does not appear to influence the calculatedvalues of predicted maximum heat buildup relative to the black control.The 250-W infrared heat lamp was selected because a higher intensitylamp results in excessive tempera
26、ture rise. This leads to excessivesoftening of the specimen under study, especially in the case of the blackcontrol. A lower intensity lamp requires a longer testing time and,therefore, is considered undesirable.6.2 The thermocouple shall be inserted through a 0.125-in.(3.18-mm) hole in the bottom o
27、f the box, so that it extends 0.25in. (6.35 mm) above the bottom surface of the box. Thethermocouple bends under the weight of the specimen, butshall retain contact with the specimen when the specimen is inplace. The lamp shall be installed perpendicular to the thermo-couple. A specimen location gri
28、d may be inscribed on thebottom of the box to facilitate centering of the thermocouple inrelation to the specimen.6.3 The distance from the bottom of the box to the bottomsurface of the lamp shall be 15.5 6 1 in. (39.4 6 2.5 cm).8Summers and Brown, SPE Technical Papers, XXV, 1979, p. 403.9A G.E. hea
29、t lamp has been found satisfactory for this purpose.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Measuring Temperature RiseD 4803 97 (2002)e12NOTE 5Calculated heat buildup for the specimens is independent ofthe distance between the light source and the surface of the specimen.However, shorter distances lead to very high ma
30、ximum equilibriumtemperatures, especially for dark colors, which might cause distortion ofthe specimen. Larger distances between the light source and the specimencause less test sensitivity and less reproducibility.6.4 Install the apparatus in a room characterized by still airwithout drafts due to a
31、ir conditioning, etc.7. Safety Precautions7.1 The heating lamp is hot during the test. Touching it willcause burns.8. Sampling8.1 Select samples in accordance with Practice D 1898. Thesamples shall be representative of the color or pigment system,or both, under study.9. Test Specimens9.1 Test flat s
32、mooth-surfaced test specimens at least 3 by 3by 0.060 6 0.020 in. (76 by 76 by 1.5 6 0.5 mm), cut from theselected samples.9.2 A similar size control specimen shall be prepared fromany rigid PVC compound containing 2.5 parts Black Pearls70010or equivalent furnace type carbon black without anyother p
33、igmentation. See Practice D 4703.10. Procedure10.1 Maintain the ambient air temperature in the laboratory,measured 3 ft from the side of the testing box, at 75 6 5F.10.2 Set the specimen on the bottom of the box usingsample location grid so that its center is in contact with thethermocouple. Two-sid
34、ed adhesive tape may be used betweenthe specimen and the box to ensure contact with the thermo-couple.10.3 Turn on the heat lamp and digital read out temperaturemeter.10.4 From the temperature meter, record the equilibriumtemperature of the specimen. Usually it takes no more than 30min for the PVC s
35、pecimens having thickness equal to or lessthan 0.075 in. (1.9 mm). See Fig. 2 for relationship of the timerequired to reach equilibrium temperature and the thickness ofthe PVC specimens.10.5 Measure the maximum temperature of the controlspecimen prior to the specimens under study but within2hofthe o
36、ther temperature rise measurements.11. Calculation11.1 Temperature rise above ambient temperature:DTlu 5 Tm 2 Ta (1)where:D Tlu = temperature rise above ambient temperature in thelaboratory under the heat lamp,Tm = maximum temperature of the specimen, as readfrom the digital temperature meter, andTa
37、 = ambient air temperature in the laboratory.11.2 Heat buildup:DT 5DTluDTlb3DTb (2)where:D T = predicted heat buildup of the specimen understudy due to heating by the sun,D Tlu = temperature rise above ambient temperature in thelaboratory for the specimen under study,DTlb = temperature rise above am
38、bient temperature in thelaboratory for a black control sample,DTb = heat buildup for a black control sample undercontrolled conditions due to absorption of thesuns energy (found experimentally),D Tb = for vertical position, 74F or 41C, andDTb = for horizontal position, 90F or 50C.NOTE 6Conversion eq
39、uations for DTb are as follows:C2 C15F232!5/9 F132!5/9C2C15 5/9F 5/9 3 32 5/9F 1 5/9 3 32DC 5 5/9DF conversion equation!11.3 To determine maximum temperature the specimen canachieve outdoors under the most severe conditions (clear skies,no wind, sun is perpendicular to the specimen), the predictedhe
40、at buildup temperature must be added to the ambienttemperature.12. Report12.1 The report shall include the following:12.1.1 Complete identification of the specimen tested, color,manufacturers code,12.1.2 Temperature rise above ambient air temperature inthe laboratory for the black control specimen,1
41、2.1.3 Temperature rise above ambient air temperature inthe laboratory for the specimen under study, and12.1.4 Heat buildup, degrees Fahrenheit (degrees Celsius),of the test specimen under study.13. Precision and Bias13.1 For precision and bias data, see Table 1.14. Keywords14.1 heat buildup; PVC bui
42、lding products; sun energyabsorption; weathering10Available from Cabot Corp., P.O. Box 188, Tuscola, IL 61953.FIG. 2 Time for Maximum Equilibrium Temperature Rise as aFunction of the Sample Thickness for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)D 4803 97 (2002)e13APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. CORRELATION OF HEAT
43、 LAMP TO SOLAR ENERGY HEATING OF VINYLTABLE 1 Precision and BiasA,BMaterial Color MeanHeatBuildup,CValues as a Percentage of the MeanSr SRIr IRM1 Gray 31.25 3.3 5.1 9.3 14.4M 2 Beige 27.76 4.7 6.8 13.3 19.2M 3 Beige 29.63 3.1 8.8 8.8 24.9M 4 Gray 24.08 2.3 5.8 6.5 16.4M 5 Brown 34.56 6.0 7.5 17.0 21
44、.2M 6 White 20.18 5.8 10.9 16.4 30.8M 7 Brown 33.38 6.0 3.6 17.0 10.2M 8 Beige 26.75 7.5 4.5 21.2 12.7M 9 Green 28.12 4.4 7.5 12.5 21.2M 10 Brown 39.34 2.7 2.8 7.6 7.9M 11 Beige 27.32 4.3 6.6 12.2 18.7M 12 Brown 34.49 6.4 4.0 18.1 11.3M 13 Green 34.28 2.8 4.4 7.9 12.4Precision (Average) 4.8 6.1 13.6
45、 17.3ATable 1 is based on a round-robin study conducted in 1985, involving 13materials tested by 6 laboratories. Each test result was based on 44 individualdeterminations. Each laboratory obtained 8 test results for each material. Support-ing data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters a
46、nd may be obtainedby requesting Research Report RR: D201142.BIn Table 1, for the materials indicated:Sr = pooled within-laboratories standard deviation of the average of 40 testspecimens,SR= pooled within-laboratories standard deviation of the average of 40 testspecimens,Ir = 2.83 Sr repeatability,
47、andIR= 2.83 SRreproducibility.NOTESource: Summers and Brown, SPE Technical Papers, XXV, 1979, p. 403.FIG. X1.1 Correlation of Heat Lamp to Solar Energy Heating of VinylD 4803 97 (2002)e14SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of the following changes to this standard since the l
48、ast issue(D 4495-93) that may impact on the use of this standard.(1) Added exterior product references in Section 1 andSection 2.1.(2) Added 1.7 regarding notes.(3) Revised 3.1 to reference Terminologies E 631 andD 1600.(4) Revised 11.1 and added note to clarify calculations of DTb.ASTM Internationa
49、l takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for rev
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