ASTM D4803-2018 Standard Test Method for Predicting Heat Buildup in PVC Building Products.pdf

1、Designation: D4803 10 (Reapproved 2018)1D4803 18 An American National StandardStandard Test Method forPredicting Heat Buildup in PVC Building Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4803; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or

2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEReapproved with editorial changes in April 2018.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This test method c

3、overs prediction of the heat buildup in rigid and flexible PVC building products above ambient airtemperature, relative to black, which occurs due to absorption of the suns energy.NOTE 1This test method is expected to be applicable to all types of colored plastics. The responsible subcommittee inten

4、ds to broaden the scopebeyond PVC when data on other materials is submitted for review.NOTE 2There are no ISO standards covering the primary subject matter of this test method.1.2 Rigid PVC exterior profile extrusions for assembled windows and doors are covered in Specification D4726.1.3 Rigid PVC e

5、xterior profiles for fencing are covered in Specification F964.1.4 Rigid PVC siding profiles are covered in Specification D3679.1.5 Rigid PVC soffit profiles are covered in Specification D4477.1.6 Rigid PVC and Rigid CPVC plastic building products compounds are covered in Specification D4216.1.7 The

6、 text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.1.8 UnitsThe values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

7、 The values given in parentheses aremathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this stand

8、ard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety hazard statements are given in Section 7.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized princi

9、ples on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D883 Terminology Relating to Plasti

10、csD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsD4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or SheetsD3679 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) SidingD4216 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) and Related PVC

11、and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)Building Products CompoundsD4477 Specification for Rigid (Unplasticized) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) SoffitD4726 Specification for Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Exterior-Profile Extrusions Used forAssembled Windows and DoorsE631 Terminology of Building Co

12、nstructionsF964 Specification for Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Exterior Profiles Used for Fencing and Railing1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.24 on Plastic Building Products.Current edition approv

13、ed April 1, 2018Oct. 1, 2018. Published April 2018October 2018. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20102018 asD4803 - 10.D4803 - 10(2018)1. DOI: 10.1520/D4803-10R18E01.10.1520/D4803-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Cus

14、tomer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to t

15、he previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary

16、 of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Terminologies D883 or E631 and abbreviations with Terminology D1600

17、unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat buildupthe increase in temperature above that of ambient air due to the amount of energy absorbed by a specimenfrom the sun.3.2.2 temperature risethe increase in temperature above that of ambient (laboratory) ai

18、r due to absorption of energy from aheating lamp (source).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The PVC product (extruded product, injection molded part, or compression molded) is cut apart to obtain a flat test specimenat least 3 by 3 by 0.060 6 0.020 in. (76 by 76 by 1.5 6 0.5 mm).4.2 The test specimen is

19、heated under the infrared reflective heat lamp to determine the temperature rise above ambient(laboratory) temperature relative to a black control sample.4.3 The temperature rise data, obtained in the laboratory for a given test specimen, is then used to predict the heat buildup,which may occur outd

20、oors due to the sun.5. Significance and Use5.1 Heat buildup in PVC exterior building products due to absorption of the energy from the sun may lead to distortionproblems. Heat buildup is affected by the color, emittance, absorptance, and reflectance of a product. Generally, the darker the colorof th

21、e product, the more energy is absorbed and the greater is the heat buildup. However, even with the same apparent color, theheat buildup may vary due to the specific pigment system involved. The greatest heat buildup generally occurs in the color blackcontaining carbon black pigment. The black contro

22、l sample used in this test method contains 2.5 parts of furnace black per 100parts of PVC suspension resin. The maximum temperature rise above ambient temperature for this black is 90F (50C) for a 45or horizontal surface when the sun is perpendicular to the surface and 74F (41C) for a vertical surfa

23、ce assuming that themeasurements were done on a cloudless day with no wind and heavy insulation on the back of the specimen.3 See Appendix X1.5.2 This test method allows the measurement of the temperature rise under a specific type heat lamp, relative to that of a blackreference surface, thus predic

24、ting the heat buildup due to the suns energy.5.3 The test method allows prediction of heat buildup of various colors or pigment systems, or both.5.4 This test method gives a relative heat buildup compared to black under certain defined severe conditions but does not predictactual application tempera

25、tures of the product. These will also depend on air temperature, incident angle of the sun, clouds, windvelocity, insulation, installation behind glass, etc.6. Apparatus6.1 Testing ApparatusThe apparatus shall be constructed essentially as shown in Fig. 1 and shall consist of the following:6.1.1 Woo

26、den Box, opened from the top and the front and lined with 1-in. (25.4-mm) thick white rigid hydrous calcium silicateheat insulation.6.1.2 White Infrared Heat Lamp, 250-W.46.1.3 Thermocouple, 40-gage Type J (iron-constantan); or equivalent.6.1.4 Digital Read-Out Temperature Meter, Type J; or equivale

27、nt.NOTE 3The type of insulation may affect absolute temperature rise. However, the calculated values of predicted maximum heat buildup, relative toa black does not appear to be affected, based on a laboratory study comparing white rigid hydrous calcium silicate heat insulation with aluminum foilinsu

28、lation having equivalent thermal resistance.NOTE 4The intensity of the heat lamp has an effect on absolute temperature rise, however, it does not appear to influence the calculated values ofpredicted maximum heat buildup relative to the black control. The 250-W infrared heat lamp was selected becaus

29、e a higher intensity lamp results inexcessive temperature rise. This leads to excessive softening of the specimen under study, especially in the case of the black control. A lower intensitylamp requires a longer testing time and, therefore, is considered undesirable.6.2 The thermocouple shall be ins

30、erted through a 0.125-in. (3.18-mm) hole in the bottom of the box, so that it extends 0.25 in.(6.35 mm) above the bottom surface of the box. The thermocouple bends under the weight of the specimen, but shall retain contactwith the specimen when the specimen is in place. The lamp shall be installed p

31、erpendicular to the thermocouple.6.3 The distance from the bottom of the box to the bottom surface of the lamp shall be 15.5 6 1 in. (39.4 6 2.5 cm).NOTE 5Calculated heat buildup for the specimens is independent of the distance between the light source and the surface of the specimen. However,3 Summ

32、ers and Brown, SPE Technical Papers, XXV, 1979, p. 403.4 A G.E. heat lamp has been found satisfactory for this purpose.D4803 182shorter distances lead to very high maximum equilibrium temperatures, especially for dark colors, which might cause distortion of the specimen. Largerdistances between the

33、light source and the specimen cause less test sensitivity and less reproducibility.6.4 Install the apparatus in a room characterized by still air without drafts due to air conditioning, etc.7. Safety Precautions7.1 The heating lamp is hot during the test. Touching it will cause burns.8. Sampling8.1

34、Select samples in a statistically acceptable manner. The samples shall be representative of the color or pigment system, orboth, under study.9. Test Specimens9.1 Test flat smooth-surfaced test specimens at least 3 by 3 by measuring 3 6 0.125 in. square by 0.060 6 0.020 in. (76 by 76by thick (76 6 3.

35、2 mm square by 1.5 6 0.5 mm), cut from the selected samples.9.2 A similar size control specimen control specimen conforming in size with the specification in 9.1 shall be prepared fromany rigid PVC compound containing 2.5 parts Black Pearls 7005 or equivalent furnace type carbon black without any ot

36、herpigmentation. See Practice D4703.10. Procedure10.1 Maintain the ambient air temperature in the laboratory, measured 3 ft from the side of the testing box, at 75 6 5F.10.2 Set the specimen on the bottom of the box so that its center is in contact with the thermocouple. Use two-sided adhesivetape b

37、etween the specimen and the box to ensure contact with the thermocouple.10.3 Turn on the heat lamp and digital read out temperature meter.5 Available from Cabot Corp., P.O. Box 188, Tuscola, IL 61953.FIG. 1 Apparatus for Measuring Temperature RiseD4803 18310.4 From the temperature meter, record the

38、equilibrium temperature of the specimen. Usually it takes no more than 30 min forthe PVC specimens having thickness equal to or less than 0.075 in. (1.9 mm). SeeThe maximum interval shall be five minutes.Equilibrium is defined as an increase of less than 1F in any given five-minute Fig. 2 for relati

39、onship of the time required to reachequilibrium temperature and the thickness of the PVC specimens.interval.NOTE 6It is expected that equilibrium is reached between 20 and 30 minutes for the standard 0.060 6 0.020 in. thick (1.5 6 0.5 mm) specimen.Individual formulations may require different durati

40、ons of time. See Fig. 2 for relationship of the time required to reach equilibrium temperature and thethickness of the PVC specimens.10.5 Measure the maximum temperature of the control specimen prior to the specimens under study but within 2 h of the othertemperature rise measurements.11. Calculatio

41、n11.1 Temperature rise above ambient temperature:Tlu5Tm2Ta (1)where:Tlu = temperature rise above ambient temperature in the laboratory under the heat lamp,Tm = maximum temperature of the specimen, as read from the digital temperature meter, andTa = ambient air temperature in the laboratory.11.2 Heat

42、 buildup:T 5TluTlb 3Tb (2)where:T = predicted heat buildup of the specimen under study due to heating by the sun,Tlu = temperature rise above ambient temperature in the laboratory for the specimen under study,Tlb = temperature rise above ambient temperature in the laboratory for a black control samp

43、le,Tb = heat buildup for a black control sample under controlled conditions due to absorption of the suns energy (foundexperimentally),Tb = for vertical position, 74F or 41C, andTb = for horizontal position, 90F or 50C.NOTE 7Conversion equations for Tb are as follows:C22 C15F2232!5/92F1232!5/9C22C15

44、5/9F25/933225/9F15/9332C55/9Fconversion equation!11.3 To determine maximum temperature the specimen can achieve outdoors under the most severe conditions (clear skies, nowind, sun is perpendicular to the specimen), the predicted heat buildup temperature must be added to the ambient temperature.12. R

45、eport12.1 The report shall include the following:12.1.1 Complete identification of the specimen tested, color, manufacturers code,12.1.2 Temperature rise above ambient air temperature in the laboratory for the black control specimen,12.1.3 Temperature rise above ambient air temperature in the labora

46、tory for the specimen under study, andFIG. 2 Time for Maximum Equilibrium Temperature Rise as a Function of the Sample Thickness for Poly(Vinyl Chloride)D4803 18412.1.4 Heat buildup, degrees Fahrenheit (degrees Celsius), of the test specimen under study.13. Precision and Bias13.1 For precision and b

47、ias data, see Table 1.14. Keywords14.1 heat buildup; PVC building products; sun energy absorption; weatheringAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. CORRELATION OF HEAT LAMP TO SOLAR ENERGY HEATING OF VINYLSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard

48、 since the last issue(D4803 - 10(2018)1) that may impact the use of this standard. (October 1, 2018)(1) Revised 9.1 and 9.2 to provide a more precise specification for specimen size.(2) Revised 10.4 to specify the conditions considered to represent equilibrium, and to place advisory material into a

49、Note.TABLE 1 Precision and BiasA,BMaterial Color MeanHeatBuildup,CValues as a Percentage of the MeanSr SR Ir IRM1 Gray 31.25 3.3 5.1 9.3 14.4M 2 Beige 27.76 4.7 6.8 13.3 19.2M 3 Beige 29.63 3.1 8.8 8.8 24.9M 4 Gray 24.08 2.3 5.8 6.5 16.4M 5 Brown 34.56 6.0 7.5 17.0 21.2M 6 White 20.18 5.8 10.9 16.4 30.8M 7 Brown 33.38 6.0 3.6 17.0 10.2M 8 Beige 26.75 7.5 4.5 21.2 12.7M 9 Green 28.12 4.4 7.5 12.5 21.2M 10 Brown 39.34 2.7 2.8 7.6 7.9M 11 Beige 27.32 4.3 6.6 12.2 18.7M 12 Brown 34.49 6.4 4.0 18.1 11.3M 13 Green 34.28 2.8