ASTM D4806-2010a Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel.pdf

1、Designation: D4806 10aStandard Specification forDenatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Useas Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in

2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous dena-tured fuel ethanol intended to

3、be blended with unleaded orleaded gasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as automotivespark-ignition engine fuel covered by Specification D4814.The significance of this specification is shown inAppendix X1.1.2 The user is advised to check with the national regulatoryagencies where the ethanol is dena

4、tured and used. The sulfurlimit and denaturing formulas in this specification are accept-able for the U.S. market. Other countries or jurisdictions mayallow or require other denaturing formulas and sulfur limits.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measu

5、rement are included in thisstandard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat applies to the testmethod in 8.7: This standard does not purport to address all ofthe safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety an

6、d health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rationD1298 Test Method for Densit

7、y, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and LiquidPetroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodD1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,and Related ProductsD1688 Test Methods for Copper in WaterD2622 Test

8、Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids by Digital Den

9、sity MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests Affected by Tra

10、ce ContaminationD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Contentof Dena

11、tured Fuel Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyD5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Tolu-ene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9and HeavierAromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline byGas ChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleu

12、m ProductsD6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol,Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)D6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content ofGasolines by Supercritical-Fluid ChromatographyD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuelby Monochromatic Waveleng

13、th Dispersive X-ray Fluores-cence Spectrometry1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2010. Published October

14、 2010. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D480610. DOI:10.1520/D4806-10A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the stan

15、dards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D7318 Test Method for Total Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanolby Potentiometri

16、c TitrationD7319 Test Method for Determination of Total and Poten-tial Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol byDirect Injection Suppressed Ion ChromatographyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Total and Poten-tial Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in FuelEthanol by Ion Chrom

17、atography Using Aqueous SampleInjectionE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by C

18、ou-lometric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Other Standards:3United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts19, 20, and 213. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.NOTE 1The user is advised that the definitions used by variousindustries, marketers, and regulatory bod

19、ies can differ from those specificto this specification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that theterms used in a particular context are clearly understood.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 denaturants, nmaterials added to ethanol to make itunsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by a

20、regulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beveragealcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materialsadded by the denaturer to comply with the approved formula;any materials absorbed later are not denaturants.3.2.2 denatured fuel ethanol, nfuel ethanol made unfit forbeverage use

21、by the addition of denaturants under formula(s)approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent theimposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundC2H5OH.3.2.4 fuel ethanol, na grade of undenatured ethanol withother components common to its production (i

22、ncluding water)that do not affect the use of the product as a component forautomotive spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.5 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquid hydrocar-bons, generally containing small amounts of additives, suitablefor use as a fuel in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines.D48

23、143.2.6 gasoline-ethanol blend, na fuel consisting primarilyof gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0.35mass % oxygen) of denatured fuel ethanol.3.2.7 oxygenatean oxygen-containing, ashless, organiccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used asa fuel or fuel supplement. D

24、48143.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 pHe, na measure of the acid strength of denaturedfuel ethanol.4. Performance Requirements (Table 1)4.1 Denatured Fuel EthanolAfter fuel ethanol is dena-tured as specified in Section 5, it shall conform to the followingrequirements at the t

25、ime of blending with gasoline. (See Note2.)NOTE 2For purposes of determining conformance with these speci-fication limits, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded“to the nearest unit” in the right-most significant digit used in expressingthe specification limit, in accordance with t

26、he rounding method of PracticeE29. For a specification limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero issignificant only if the decimal point is specified. For a specified limitexpressed as an integer, and the right-most digit is non-zero, the right-mostdigit is significant without a decimal point b

27、eing specified. This conven-tion applies to specified limits in Table 1 and will not be observed in theremainder of this specification.NOTE 3Denatured fuel ethanol may contain additives, such as corro-sion inhibitors and detergents, that can affect the titratable acidity (acidityas acetic acid) of t

28、he finished denatured fuel ethanol. Although the basefuel ethanol may meet the acidity specification, the effect of theseadditives can produce an apparent high titratable acidity of the finishedproduct. Contact the ethanol supplier if there is a question regarding thetitratable acidity of the denatu

29、red fuel ethanol to verify that the base fuelethanol meets the acidity requirements in Table 1.4.2 Other PropertiesLimits more restrictive than thosespecified above, or the specification of additional propertiessuch as color, may be agreed upon between the supplier and thepurchaser.3A printed copy o

30、f the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from theU.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St.,NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:/bookstore.gpo.gov/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed online athttp:/www.gpoac

31、cess.gov/cfr/index.html.TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperty Limit MethodEthanol, volume %, min 92.1 D5501Methanol, volume %, max 0.5 D5501Solvent-washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5.0 D381Water, volume % (mass %), max 1.0 (1.26) E203 or E1064Inorganic Chloride, mass ppm (mg/L), max 10. (8) D73

32、19 or D7328Copper, mg/kg, max 0.1 D1688Acidity (as acetic acid CH3COOH) mass % (mg/L), max 0.007 (56) (Note 3) D1613pHe 6.5 to 9.0 D6423Sulfur, mass ppm, max 30. D2622, D3120, D5453,orD7039Total sulfate, mass ppm, max 4 D7318, D7319,orD7328D4806 10a25. Denaturants5.1 Denaturing FormulasFuel ethanol

33、is rendered unfitfor beverage use by the addition of denaturants under formulasapproved by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau(TTB) of the U. S. Treasury Department that allow thedenatured alcohol to ship from the denaturer free of beverageexcise tax and to be distributed and used as a fuel

34、 componentwithout TTB permits. TTB regulations concerning the prepa-ration, handling, distribution and use of denatured ethanolformulas are published in the United States Code of FederalRegulations, Title 27, Parts 19, 20, and 21. The denatured fuelethanol allowed by this specification shall contain

35、 a minimumof 1.96 volume % denaturant. The United States InternalRevenue Service (IRS) established a maximum of 2.5 vol-ume % denaturant that qualifies the entire volume of denaturedfuel ethanol for full Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit(VEETC). The user is advised to consult the IRS to determine

36、the amount of the VEETC for denatured fuel ethanol withdenaturant levels between 2.5 and 5 volume %. The maximumdenaturant allowed by this specification is 5 volume %. Thelimits for the denaturant addition are shown in Table 2.5.1.1 To avoid imposition of the beverage excise tax, TTBregulations requ

37、ire the denaturer to add specific quantities ofapproved denaturants to the ethanol prior to shipping. Thedenaturant content is determined by the ratio of metereddenaturant and ethanol volumes at the time of denaturing. TheTTB regulations stipulate the record keeping requirements forthe denaturer. Th

38、ese regulations include records of the quanti-ties of ethanol and denaturant added in the denaturing process.The TTB periodically audits the denaturing facilities andassociated records for compliance with these regulations. Theregulations do not require the receiver to analytically verifythat the ma

39、terial added was an approved denaturant or that itwas added within the necessary concentration range. Approvedanalytical methods or calculations do not exist to permit any ofthe following: (1) to confirm compliance with this section ofthe specification after the denaturing process, (2) to determinet

40、hat the denaturant used was approved by the TTB or allowedin this specification, (3) to quantify the ratio of denaturantadded during the denaturing process, or (4) to distinguishbetween the hydrocarbons added as part of the denaturingprocess and those absorbed later in the distribution system.5.1.2

41、A buyer may ask the denaturer to denature within aspecific range (for example, 1.96 to 2.5 volume %). A buyermay also ask the denaturer to certify the range used for thedenaturant addition. A buyer or distributor may comminglereceipts certified within the same range and provide a certifi-cation of c

42、onformance with the product from that commin-gling. The blender may use this certification of conformancefor the product to demonstrate compliance with the denaturantlimit in the IRS Notice 2009-06 titled, “Calculation of Volumeof Alcohol for Fuel Credits; Denaturants.” If the product isshipped dire

43、ctly from a denaturer to a blender, the initialcertification from the denaturer may be used to demonstratecompliance. Compliance with the denaturant limit cannot bedetermined analytically. Compliance must be based on theinformation from the original denaturer.5.2 Allowable DenaturantsThe only denatu

44、rants allowedfor the denatured fuel ethanol defined by this specification arenatural gasoline, gasoline blendstocks or unleaded gasoline.Small amounts of the same or similar hydrocarbons absorbedby the denatured fuel ethanol as it moves through the distri-bution system is not denaturant. The fuel et

45、hanol formulasapproved by the TTB for fuel use include denaturing materialswhich are not allowed by this ASTM specification. It is thedenaturers responsibility to consult the regulations to ensurelegal denaturing of the fuel ethanol and to ensure compliancewith this specification with regard to allo

46、wed denaturants.5.3 Prohibited DenaturantsThis specification prohibitsthe use of hydrocarbons with an end boiling point higher than225C as determined by Test Method D86, although they maybe permitted by TTB regulations. Some kerosines, for instance,promote piston scuff in automotive engines. Specifi

47、c mentionmust be made of some materials that have extremely adverseeffects on fuel stability, automotive engines, and fuel systems.These materials shall not be used as denaturants for fuelethanol under any circumstances. They are as follows: metha-nol, pyrroles, turpentine, ketones, and tars (high-m

48、olecularweight pyrolysis products of fossil or nonfossil vegetablematter). Ketone denaturants tend to degrade fuel stability orincrease the tendency of a gasoline-ethanol blend to corrodemetals and attack elastomers. These effects become moreserious if the concentration of a ketone such as 4-methylp

49、entanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) exceeds one part byvolume per 100 parts by volume of fuel ethanol. There is noinformation available on the effects of denaturants other thanthose mentioned above; but unless a denaturant, such as ahigher aliphatic alcohol or ether, is known to have no adverseeffect on a gasoline-ethanol blend or on automotive engines orfuel systems, it shall not be used.6. Workmanship6.1 The denatured fuel ethanol shall be visually free ofsediment and suspended matter. It shall be clear and bright atthe ambient temperature or 21C, whichever is h