1、Designation:D480610b Designation: D4806 11Standard Specification forDenatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Useas Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforig
2、inal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous denatured fuel e
3、thanol intended to be blended with unleaded or leadedgasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as automotive spark-ignition engine fuel covered by Specification D4814. The significanceof this specification is shown in Appendix X1.1.2 The user is advised to check with the national regulatory agencies whe
4、re the ethanol is denatured and used. The sulfur limitand denaturing formulas in this specification are acceptable for the U.S. market. Other countries or jurisdictions may allow orrequire other denaturing formulas and sulfur limits.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. N
5、o other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat applies pertains only to the test method modification in 8.7 : of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the res
6、ponsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureD381 Test Method
7、 for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid PetroleumProducts by Hydrometer MethodD1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents and Chemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lac
8、quer, and RelatedProductsD1688 Test Methods for Copper in WaterD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD4052 Test Met
9、hod for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Prod
10、uctsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ult
11、raviolet FluorescenceD5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Content of Denatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyD5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9and Heavier Aromatics,and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatograp
12、hyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol, Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)D6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content of Gasolines by Supercritical-Fluid Chromatog
13、raphy1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.A0.02on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved Oct.Jan. 1, 2010.2011. Published November 2010.February 2011. Originally
14、 approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2010 asD480610ab. DOI: 10.1520/D4806-10B.10.1520/D4806-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the
15、standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes acc
16、urately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
17、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuel by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryD7318 Test Method for Total Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanol by Potentiometric TitrationD7319 Test Method f
18、or Determination of Total and Potential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol by Direct InjectionSuppressed Ion ChromatographyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Total and Potential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanolby Ion Chromatography Using Aqueous Sample I
19、njectionE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer TitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titra
20、tion2.2 Other Standards:3United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts 19, 20, and 213. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.NOTE 1The user is advised that the definitions used by various industries, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ from those sp
21、ecific to thisspecification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the terms used in a particular context are clearly understood.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 denaturants, nmaterials added to ethanol to make it unsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory agency to preve
22、nt the imposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materials added by the denaturer to comply with the approved formula; anymaterials absorbed later are not denaturants.3.2.2 denatured fuel ethanol, nfuel ethanol made unfit for beverage use by the addition of dena
23、turants under formula(s)approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compound C2H5OH.3.2.4 fuel ethanol, na grade of undenatured ethanol with other components common to its production (including water) that
24、do not affect the use of the product as a component for automotive spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.5 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of additives, suitable for useas a fuel in spark-ignition, internal combustion engines. D48143.2.6 gasoline-et
25、hanol blend, na fuel consisting primarily of gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0.35 mass% oxygen) of denatured fuel ethanol.3.2.7 oxygenatean oxygen-containing, ashless, organic compound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used as a fuelor fuel supplement. D48143.3 Definitio
26、ns of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 pHe, na measure of the acid strength of denatured fuel ethanol.4. Performance Requirements (Table 1)4.1 Denatured Fuel EthanolAfter fuel ethanol is denatured as specified in Section 5, it shall conform to the followingrequirements at the time of blending w
27、ith gasoline. (See Note 2.)NOTE 2For purposes of determining conformance with these specification limits, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to thenearest unit” in the right-most significant digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding meth
28、od of Practice E29. For3A printed copy of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW,Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:/bookstore.gpo.gov/. The Code of Federal Regulation
29、s may be browsed online at http:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperty Limit MethodEthanol, volume %, min 92.1 D5501Methanol, volume %, max 0.5 D5501Solvent-washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5.0 D381Water, volume % (mass %), max 1.0 (1.26) E203 or E1064Inorganic
30、Chloride, mass ppm (mg/L), max 10. (8) D7319 or D7328Copper, mg/kg, max 0.1 D1688Acidity (as acetic acid CH3COOH) mass % (mg/L), max 0.007 (56) (Note 3) D1613pHe 6.5 to 9.0 D6423Sulfur, mass ppm, max 30. D2622, D3120, D5453, or D7039Total sulfate, mass ppm, max 4 D7318, D7319, or D7328D4806 112a spe
31、cification limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero is significant only if the decimal point is specified. For a specified limit expressed as an integer,and the right-most digit is non-zero, the right-most digit is significant without a decimal point being specified. This convention applies to
32、 specified limitsin Table 1 and will not be observed in the remainder of this specification.NOTE 3Denatured fuel ethanol may contain additives, such as corrosion inhibitors and detergents, that can affect the titratable acidity (acidity asacetic acid) of the finished denatured fuel ethanol. Although
33、 the base fuel ethanol may meet the acidity specification, the effect of these additives canproduce an apparent high titratable acidity of the finished product. Contact the ethanol supplier if there is a question regarding the titratable acidity ofthe denatured fuel ethanol to verify that the base f
34、uel ethanol meets the acidity requirements in Table 1.4.2 Other PropertiesLimits more restrictive than those specified above, or the specification of additional properties such ascolor, may be agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser.5. Denaturants5.1 Denaturing FormulasFuel ethanol is ren
35、dered unfit for beverage use by the addition of denaturants under formulasapproved by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) of the U. S. Treasury Department that allow the denaturedalcohol to ship from the denaturer free of beverage excise tax and to be distributed and used as a fuel co
36、mponent without TTBpermits. TTB regulations concerning the preparation, handling, distribution and use of denatured ethanol formulas are publishedin the United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts 19, 20, and 21. The denatured fuel ethanol allowed by thisspecification shall contain a
37、minimum of 1.96 volume % denaturant. The United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS) establisheda maximum of 2.5 volume % denaturant that qualifies the entire volume of denatured fuel ethanol for full Volumetric EthanolExcise Tax Credit (VEETC). The user is advised to consult the IRS to determine t
38、he amount of the VEETC for denatured fuelethanol with denaturant levels between 2.5 and 5 volume %. The maximum denaturant allowed by this specification is 5 volume %.The limits for the denaturant addition are shown in Table 2. .NOTE 4For purposes of determining conformance with the limits in Table
39、2, the absolute method in Practice E29 should be used.5.1.1 To avoid imposition of the beverage excise tax, TTB regulations require the denaturer to add specific quantities ofapproved denaturants to the ethanol prior to shipping. The denaturant content is determined by the ratio of metered denaturan
40、t andethanol volumes at the time of denaturing. The TTB regulations stipulate the record keeping requirements for the denaturer. Theseregulations include records of the quantities of ethanol and denaturant added in the denaturing process. The TTB periodically auditsthe denaturing facilities and asso
41、ciated records for compliance with these regulations. The regulations do not require the receiverto analytically verify that the material added was an approved denaturant or that it was added within the necessary concentrationrange. Approved analytical methods or calculations do not exist to permit
42、any of the following: (1) to confirm compliance withthis section of the specification after the denaturing process, (2) to determine that the denaturant used was approved by the TTBor allowed in this specification, (3) to quantify the ratio of denaturant added during the denaturing process, or (4) t
43、o distinguishbetween the hydrocarbons added as part of the denaturing process and those absorbed later in the distribution system.5.1.2 A buyer may ask the denaturer to denature within a specific range (for example, 1.96 to 2.5 volume %). A buyer may alsoask the denaturer to certify the range used f
44、or the denaturant addition. A buyer or distributor may commingle receipts certifiedwithin the same range and provide a certification of conformance with the product from that commingling. The blender may usethis certification of conformance for the product to demonstrate compliance with the denatura
45、nt limit in the IRS Notice 2009-06titled, “Calculation of Volume of Alcohol for Fuel Credits; Denaturants.” If the product is shipped directly from a denaturer to ablender, the initial certification from the denaturer may be used to demonstrate compliance. Compliance with the denaturant limitcannot
46、be determined analytically. Compliance must be based on the information from the original denaturer.5.2 Allowable DenaturantsThe only denaturants allowed for the denatured fuel ethanol defined by this specification arenatural gasoline, gasoline blendstocks or unleaded gasoline. Small amounts of the
47、same or similar hydrocarbons absorbed by thedenatured fuel ethanol as it moves through the distribution system is not denaturant. The fuel ethanol formulas approved by theTABLE 2 Denaturant LimitsLimit, volume % Source Requirement1.96 min TTB TTB Formulas require aminimum of two parts of approvedden
48、aturant to 100 parts ofethanol with a minimum of 195proof ethanol.ASTM The minimum amount ofdenaturant allowed by thisspecification.2.5 maxAIRSAThe maximum amount ofdenaturant the IRS considers partof the denatured fuel ethanol forfull VEETC credit.5 max ASTM The maximum amount ofdenaturant allowed
49、by thisspecification.ASee Appendix X3 for additional information on the IRS limit.D4806 113TTB for fuel use include denaturing materials which are not allowed by thisASTM specification. It is the denaturers responsibilityto consult the regulations to ensure legal denaturing of the fuel ethanol and to ensure compliance with this specification with regardto allowed denaturants.5.3 Prohibited DenaturantsThis specification prohibits the use of hydrocarbons with an end boiling point higher than 225Cas determined by Test Method D86, although they may be permitted b
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