1、Designation: D4806 12Standard Specification forDenatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Useas Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous dena-tured fuel ethanol intended to b
3、e blended with unleaded orleaded gasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as automotivespark-ignition engine fuel covered by Specification D4814.The significance of this specification is shown in Appendix X1.1.2 The user is advised to check with the national regulatoryagencies where the ethanol is dena
4、tured and used. The sulfurlimit and denaturing formulas in this specification are accept-able for the U.S. market. Other countries or jurisdictions mayallow or require other denaturing formulas and sulfur limits.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measu
5、rement are included in thisstandard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to themethod modification in 8.7 of this specification: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard
6、to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-rat
7、ionD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,and Related ProductsD1688 Test Methods for Copper in Wa
8、terD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids
9、by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests A
10、ffected by Trace ContaminationD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol
11、Content ofDenatured Fuel Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyD5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene,Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9and HeavierAromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline byGas ChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum
12、and Petroleum ProductsD6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol,Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)D6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content ofGasolines by Supercritical-Fluid ChromatographyD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline and Diesel Fuelby Monochroma
13、tic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluores-cence SpectrometryD7318 Test Method for Existent Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanolby Potentiometric Titration1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.
14、A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published February 2013. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D480611a. DOI:10.1520/D4806-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer
15、Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19
16、428-2959. United States1D7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol byDirect Injection Suppressed Ion ChromatographyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Inorganic Sulfate and Total Inorganic Chloride inFuel E
17、thanol by Ion Chromatography Using AqueousSample InjectionD7795 Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and EthanolBlends by TitrationE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE300 Pra
18、ctice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Other Standards:3United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts19, 20, and 213. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.NOTE 1The use
19、r is advised that the definitions used by variousindustries, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ from those specificto this specification. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that theterms used in a particular context are clearly understood.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 denaturants, nmate
20、rials added to ethanol to make itunsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory agency to prevent the imposition of beveragealcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materialsadded by the denaturer to comply with the approved formula;any materials absorbed later a
21、re not denaturants.3.2.2 denatured fuel ethanol, nfuel ethanol made unfit forbeverage use by the addition of denaturants under formula(s)approved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent theimposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundC2H5OH.3.2.4 fuel
22、 ethanol, na grade of undenatured ethanol withother components common to its production (including water)that do not affect the use of the product as a component forautomotive spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.5 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquidhydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts of
23、additives, suitable for use as a fuel in spark-ignition, internalcombustion engines. D48143.2.6 gasoline-ethanol blend, na fuel consisting primarilyof gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0.35mass % oxygen) of denatured fuel ethanol.3.2.7 oxygenatean oxygen-containing, ashless, organi
24、ccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used asa fuel or fuel supplement. D48143.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.3.1 pHe, na measure of the acid strength of denaturedfuel ethanol.4. Performance Requirements (Table 1)4.1 Denatured Fuel EthanolAfter fuel ethanol is dena
25、-tured as specified in Section 5, it shall conform to the followingrequirements at the time of blending with gasoline. (See Note2.)NOTE 2For purposes of determining conformance with these speci-fication limits, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded“to the nearest unit” in the righ
26、t-most significant digit used in expressingthe specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method of PracticeE29. For a specification limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero issignificant only if the decimal point is specified. For a specified limitexpressed as an integer, and the ri
27、ght-most digit is non-zero, the right-mostdigit is significant without a decimal point being specified. This conven-tion applies to specified limits in Table 1 and will not be observed in theremainder of this specification.NOTE 3Denatured fuel ethanol may contain additives, such ascorrosion inhibito
28、rs and detergents, that can affect the titratable acidity(acidity as acetic acid) of the finished denatured fuel ethanol.Although thebase fuel ethanol may meet the acidity specification, the effect of theseadditives can produce an apparent high titratable acidity of the finishedproduct. Contact the
29、ethanol supplier if there is a question regarding thetitratable acidity of the denatured fuel ethanol to verify that the base fuelethanol meets the acidity requirements in Table 1.4.2 Other PropertiesLimits more restrictive than thosespecified above, or the specification of additional propertiessuch
30、 as color, may be agreed upon between the supplier and thepurchaser.3A printed copy of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased from theU.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St.,NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:/bookst
31、ore.gpo.gov/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed online athttp:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.TABLE 1 Performance RequirementsProperty Limit MethodEthanol, volume %, min 92.1 D5501Methanol, volume %, max 0.5 D5501Solvent-washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5.0 D381Water, volume % (mass
32、 %), max 1.0 (1.26) E203 or E1064Inorganic Chloride, mass ppm (mg/L), max 10. (8) D7319 or D7328Copper, mg/kg, max 0.1 D1688Acidity (as acetic acid CH3COOH) mass % (mg/L), max 0.007 (56) (Note 3) D1613 or D7795pHe 6.5 to 9.0 D6423Sulfur, mass ppm, max 30. D2622, D3120, D5453,orD7039Existent sulfate,
33、 mass ppm, max 4 D7318, D7319,orD7328D4806 1225. Denaturants5.1 Denaturing FormulasFuel ethanol is rendered unfitfor beverage use by the addition of denaturants under formulasapproved by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau(TTB) of the U. S. Treasury Department that allow thedenatured alcoho
34、l to ship from the denaturer free of beverageexcise tax and to be distributed and used as a fuel componentwithout TTB permits. TTB regulations concerning thepreparation, handling, distribution and use of denatured ethanolformulas are published in the United States Code of FederalRegulations, Title 2
35、7, Parts 19, 20, and 21. The denatured fuelethanol allowed by this specification shall contain a minimumof 1.96 volume % denaturant. The United States InternalRevenue Service (IRS) established a maximum of 2.5 vol-ume % denaturant that qualifies the entire volume of denaturedfuel ethanol for full Vo
36、lumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit(VEETC). The user is advised to consult the IRS to determinethe amount of the VEETC for denatured fuel ethanol withdenaturant levels between 2.5 and 5 volume %. The maximumdenaturant allowed by this specification is 5 volume %. Thelimits for the denaturant addition
37、are shown in Table 2.NOTE 4For purposes of determining conformance with the limits inTable 2, the absolute method in Practice E29 should be used.5.1.1 To avoid imposition of the beverage excise tax, TTBregulations require the denaturer to add specific quantities ofapproved denaturants to the ethanol
38、 prior to shipping. Thedenaturant content is determined by the ratio of metereddenaturant and ethanol volumes at the time of denaturing. TheTTB regulations stipulate the record keeping requirements forthe denaturer. These regulations include records of the quanti-ties of ethanol and denaturant added
39、 in the denaturing process.The TTB periodically audits the denaturing facilities andassociated records for compliance with these regulations. Theregulations do not require the receiver to analytically verifythat the material added was an approved denaturant or that itwas added within the necessary c
40、oncentration range. Approvedanalytical methods or calculations do not exist to permit any ofthe following: (1) to confirm compliance with this section ofthe specification after the denaturing process, (2) to determinethat the denaturant used was approved by the TTB or allowedin this specification, (
41、3) to quantify the ratio of denaturantadded during the denaturing process, or (4) to distinguishbetween the hydrocarbons added as part of the denaturingprocess and those absorbed later in the distribution system.5.1.2 A buyer may ask the denaturer to denature within aspecific range (for example, 1.9
42、6 to 2.5 volume %). A buyermay also ask the denaturer to certify the range used for thedenaturant addition. A buyer or distributor may comminglereceipts certified within the same range and provide a certifi-cation of conformance with the product from that commin-gling. The blender may use this certi
43、fication of conformancefor the product to demonstrate compliance with the denaturantlimit in the IRS Notice 2009-06 titled, “Calculation of Volumeof Alcohol for Fuel Credits; Denaturants.” If the product isshipped directly from a denaturer to a blender, the initialcertification from the denaturer ma
44、y be used to demonstratecompliance. Compliance with the denaturant limit cannot bedetermined analytically. Compliance must be based on theinformation from the original denaturer.5.2 Allowable DenaturantsThe only denaturants allowedfor the denatured fuel ethanol defined by this specification arenatur
45、al gasoline, gasoline blendstocks or unleaded gasoline.Small amounts of the same or similar hydrocarbons absorbedby the denatured fuel ethanol as it moves through the distri-bution system is not denaturant. The fuel ethanol formulasapproved by the TTB for fuel use include denaturing materialswhich a
46、re not allowed by this ASTM specification. It is thedenaturers responsibility to consult the regulations to ensurelegal denaturing of the fuel ethanol and to ensure compliancewith this specification with regard to allowed denaturants.5.3 Prohibited DenaturantsThis specification prohibitsthe use of h
47、ydrocarbons with an end boiling point higher than225C as determined by Test Method D86, although they maybe permitted by TTB regulations. Some kerosines, for instance,promote piston scuff in automotive engines. Specific mentionmust be made of some materials that have extremely adverseeffects on fuel
48、 stability, automotive engines, and fuel systems.These materials shall not be used as denaturants for fuelethanol under any circumstances. They are as follows:methanol, pyrroles, turpentine, ketones, and tars (high-molecular weight pyrolysis products of fossil or nonfossilvegetable matter). Ketone d
49、enaturants tend to degrade fuelstability or increase the tendency of a gasoline-ethanol blend tocorrode metals and attack elastomers. These effects becomemore serious if the concentration of a ketone such as 4-methylpentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) exceeds one part byvolume per 100 parts by volume of fuel ethanol. There is noinformation available on the effects of denaturants other thanthose mentioned above. Therefore, the only denaturants thatshall be used are those listed in 5.2.6. Workmanship6.1 The denatured fuel ethanol shall be visually free ofsediment a
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