1、Designation: D4806 13aStandard Specification forDenatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Useas Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4806; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in
2、 the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers nominally anhydrous dena-tured fuel ethanol intended to
3、be blended with unleaded orleaded gasolines at 1 to 10 volume % for use as automotivespark-ignition engine fuel covered by Specification D4814.The significance of this specification is shown in Appendix X1.1.2 The user is advised to check with the national regulatoryagencies where the ethanol is den
4、atured and used. The sulfurlimit and denaturing formulas in this specification are accept-able for the U.S. market. Other countries or jurisdictions mayallow or require other denaturing formulas and sulfur limits.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of meas
5、urement are included in thisstandard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to themethod modification in 8.7 of this specification: This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard
6、 to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations priorto use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products atAtmospheric PressureD381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet Evapo-ra
7、tionD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or APIGravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-ucts by Hydrometer MethodD1613 Test Method for Acidity in Volatile Solvents andChemical Intermediates Used in Paint, Varnish, Lacquer,and Related ProductsD1688 Test Methods for Copper in W
8、aterD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products byWavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in LightLiquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-lometryD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and APIGravity of Liquids
9、 by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, PetroleumProducts, and LubricantsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers forTests
10、Affected by Trace ContaminationD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition EngineFuelD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur inLight Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, DieselEngine Fuel, and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5501 Test Method for Determination of Ethanol
11、 andMethanol Content in Fuels Containing Greater than 20%Ethanol by Gas ChromatographyD5580 Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene,Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9and HeavierAromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline byGas ChromatographyD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handlin
12、g of Liquid Samplesof Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6423 Test Method for Determination of pHe of Ethanol,Denatured Fuel Ethanol, and Fuel Ethanol (Ed75-Ed85)D6550 Test Method for Determination of Olefin Content ofGasolines by Supercritical-Fluid ChromatographyD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasol
13、ine and Diesel Fuelby Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluores-cence SpectrometryD7318 Test Method for Existent Inorganic Sulfate in Ethanolby Potentiometric Titration1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct re
14、sponsibility of SubcommitteeD02.A0.02 on Oxygenated Fuels and Components.Current edition approved June 15, 2013. Published July 2013. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4806 13. DOI:10.1520/D4806-13A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm
15、.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
16、C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D7319 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Sulfate and Inorganic Chloride in Fuel Ethanol byDirect Injection Suppressed Ion ChromatographyD7328 Test Method for Determination of Existent and Po-tential Inorganic Sulfate and Tot
17、al Inorganic Chloride inFuel Ethanol by Ion Chromatography Using AqueousSample InjectionD7757 Test Method for Silicon in Gasoline and RelatedProducts by Monochromatic Wavelength DispersiveX-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7795 Test Method for Acidity in Ethanol and EthanolBlends by TitrationE29 Practi
18、ce for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl FischerTitrationE300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulo-metric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Other Stand
19、ards:3United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 27, Parts19, 20, and 213. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.NOTE 1The user is advised that the definitions used by variousindustries, marketers, and regulatory bodies can differ from those specificto this specifi
20、cation. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that theterms used in a particular context are clearly understood.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 denaturants, nmaterials added to ethanol to make itunsuitable for beverage use under a formula approved by aregulatory agency to prevent the imposition of be
21、veragealcohol tax.3.2.1.1 DiscussionDenaturants are only those materialsadded by the denaturer to comply with the approved formula;any materials absorbed later are not denaturants.3.2.2 denatured fuel ethanol, nfuel ethanol made unfit forbeverage use by the addition of denaturants under formula(s)ap
22、proved by the applicable regulatory agency to prevent theimposition of beverage alcohol tax.3.2.3 ethanol, nethyl alcohol, the chemical compoundC2H5OH.3.2.4 fuel ethanol, na grade of undenatured ethanol withother components common to its production (including water)that do not affect the use of the
23、product as a component forautomotive spark-ignition engine fuels.3.2.5 gasoline, na volatile mixture of liquidhydrocarbons, generally containing small amounts ofadditives, suitable for use as a fuel in spark-ignition, internalcombustion engines. D48143.2.6 gasoline-ethanol blend, na fuel consisting
24、primarilyof gasoline along with a substantial amount (more than 0.35mass % oxygen) of denatured fuel ethanol.3.2.7 oxygenatean oxygen-containing, ashless, organiccompound, such as an alcohol or ether, which may be used asa fuel or fuel supplement. D48143.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Stand
25、ard:3.3.1 pHe, na measure of the acid strength of denaturedfuel ethanol.4. Performance Requirements (Table 1)4.1 Denatured Fuel EthanolAfter fuel ethanol is dena-tured as specified in Section 5, it shall conform to the followingrequirements at the time of blending with gasoline. (See Note2.)NOTE 2Fo
26、r purposes of determining conformance with these speci-fication limits, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded“to the nearest unit” in the right-most significant digit used in expressingthe specification limit, in accordance with the rounding method of PracticeE29. For a specificat
27、ion limit expressed as an integer, a trailing zero issignificant only if the decimal point is specified. For a specified limitexpressed as an integer, and the right-most digit is non-zero, the right-mostdigit is significant without a decimal point being specified. This conven-tion applies to specifi
28、ed limits in Table 1 and will not be observed in theremainder of this specification.NOTE 3Denatured fuel ethanol may contain additives, such ascorrosion inhibitors and detergents, that can affect the titratable acidity(acidity as acetic acid) of the finished denatured fuel ethanol.Although thebase f
29、uel ethanol may meet the acidity specification, the effect of theseadditives can produce an apparent high titratable acidity of the finishedproduct. Contact the ethanol supplier if there is a question regarding thetitratable acidity of the denatured fuel ethanol to verify that the base fuelethanol m
30、eets the acidity requirements in Table 1.4.2 Other PropertiesLimits more restrictive than thosespecified above, or the specification of additional propertiessuch as color, may be agreed upon between the supplier and thepurchaser.3A printed copy of the Code of Federal Regulations may be purchased fro
31、m theU.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St.,NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401 or the online store at http:/bookstore.gpo.gov/. The Code of Federal Regulations may be browsed online athttp:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.TABLE 1 Performance Requiremen
32、tsProperty Limit MethodEthanol, volume %, min 92.1 D5501Methanol, volume %, max 0.5 D5501Solvent-washed gum content, mg/100 mL, max 5.0 D381Water, volume % (mass %), max 1.0 (1.26) E203 or E1064Inorganic Chloride, mass ppm (mg/L), max 10. (8) D7319 or D7328Copper, mg/kg, max 0.1 D1688Acidity (as ace
33、tic acid CH3COOH) mass % (mg/L), max 0.007 (56) (Note 3) D1613 or D7795pHe 6.5 to 9.0 D6423Sulfur, mass ppm, max 30. D2622, D3120, D5453,orD7039Existent sulfate, mass ppm, max 4 D7318, D7319,orD7328D4806 13a25. Denaturants5.1 General Requirements:5.1.1 Allowable DenaturantsThe only denaturants al-lo
34、wed for the denatured fuel ethanol defined by this specifica-tion are natural gasoline, gasoline blendstocks or unleadedgasoline. Small amounts of the same or similar hydrocarbonsabsorbed by the denatured fuel ethanol as it moves through thedistribution system is not denaturant. A jurisdiction can m
35、ain-tain approved formulas to denature alcohol for fuel use. Thisspecification is specific to spark-ignition engine fuel. Denatur-ants that could provide satisfactory performance for other usescould cause damage to spark-ignition engines. The fuel ethanolformulas approved by the alcohol regulatory a
36、gency for fueluse could include denaturing materials which are not allowedby this ASTM specification. It is the denaturers responsibilityto consult the regulations to ensure legal denaturing of the fuelethanol and to ensure compliance with this specification withregard to allowed denaturants.5.1.2 P
37、rohibited DenaturantsThis specification prohibitsthe use of hydrocarbons with an end boiling point higher than225C as determined by Test Method D86, although they maybe permitted by TTB regulations. Some kerosines, for instance,promote piston scuff in automotive engines. Specific mentionmust be made
38、 of some materials that have extremely adverseeffects on fuel stability, automotive engines, and fuel systems.These materials shall not be used as denaturants for fuelethanol under any circumstances. They are as follows:methanol, pyrroles, turpentine, ketones, and tars (high-molecular weight pyrolys
39、is products of fossil or nonfossilvegetable matter). Ketone denaturants tend to degrade fuelstability or increase the tendency of a gasoline-ethanol blend tocorrode metals and attack elastomers. These effects becomemore serious if the concentration of a ketone such as 4-methylpentanone (methyl isobu
40、tyl ketone) exceeds one part byvolume per 100 parts by volume of fuel ethanol. There is noinformation available on the effects of denaturants other thanthose mentioned above. Therefore, the only denaturants thatshall be used are those listed in 5.1.1.5.1.3 Denaturant LevelA buyer may ask the denatur
41、er todenature within a specific range (for example, 1.96 to 2.5volume %). A buyer may also ask the denaturer to certify therange used for the denaturant addition. A buyer or distributormay commingle receipts certified within the same range andprovide a certification of conformance with the product f
42、romthat commingling. The blender may use this certification ofconformance for the product to demonstrate compliance withthe denaturant limits. If the product is shipped directly from adenaturer to a blender, the initial certification from the dena-turer may be used to demonstrate compliance. Complia
43、ncewith the denaturant limit cannot be determined analytically.Compliance must be based on the information from the originaldenaturer. The limits for the denaturant addition are shown inTable 2.5.2 United States Denaturant Regulations:5.2.1 Denaturing FormulasIn the United States, ethanol isrendered
44、 unfit for beverage use by the addition of denaturantsunder formulas approved by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax andTrade Bureau (TTB) of the U. S. Treasury Department thatallow the denatured alcohol to ship from the denaturer free ofbeverage excise tax and to be distributed and used as a fuelcomponent
45、without TTB permits. TTB regulations concerningthe preparation, handling, distribution and use of denaturedethanol formulas are published in the United States Code ofFederal Regulations, Title 27, Parts 19, 20, and 21. Thedenatured fuel ethanol allowed by this specification shallcontain a minimum of
46、 1.96 volume % denaturant. The U. S.Environmental Protection Agency regulations stipulate thatdenaturant added in excess of 2 volume % shall not beconsidered when determining volumes for the purposes ofcompliance with the Renewable Fuel Standard. This absolutelimitation includes volumes for Renewabl
47、e IdentificationNumber (RIN) generation and volumes for retiring RINs. Thelimits for the denaturant addition are shown in Table 2.5.2.2 To avoid imposition of the beverage excise tax, TTBregulations require the denaturer to add specific quantities ofapproved denaturants to the ethanol prior to shipp
48、ing. Thedenaturant content is determined by the ratio of metereddenaturant and ethanol volumes at the time of denaturing. TheTTB regulations stipulate the record keeping requirements forthe denaturer. These regulations include records of the quanti-ties of ethanol and denaturant added in the denatur
49、ing process.The TTB periodically audits the denaturing facilities andassociated records for compliance with these regulations. Theregulations do not require the receiver to analytically verifythat the material added was an approved denaturant or that itwas added within the necessary concentration range. Approvedanalytical methods or calculations do not exist to permit any ofthe following: (1) to confirm compliance with this section ofthe specification after the denaturing process, (2) to determinethat the denaturant used was approved by the TTB or allowedin th
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