1、Designation: D 4822 88 (Reapproved 2008)Standard Guide forSelection of Methods of Particle Size Analysis of FluvialSediments (Manual Methods)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4822; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection of methods for deter-mining the size distribution of fl
3、uvial sediments particles in therange greater than 0.45 m using manual methods. Manualmethods are defined as those methods that require the operatorto do some actual measurements and calculations. An auto-mated method would be one which, after the sample isprepared and inserted into an instrument, t
4、he instrument(machine) does the measuring and calculations, not the opera-tor. Not all manual methods are presented in this guide.However, where available, at least two methods for eachparticle size range are given.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, asso
5、ciated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of SoilsD 11
6、29 Terminology Relating to WaterD 4410 Terminology for Fluvial SedimentD 4411 Guide for Sampling Fluvial Sediment in Motion3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this guide,refer to Terminologies D 1129 and D 4410.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 For
7、definitions of terms used in this guide, refer toTerminology D 4410.3.2.2 particle counta method of particle size analysis inwhich the number of particles in the various size ranges arecounted manually.3.2.3 particle sizethe diameter, usually the intermediatediameter, of a particle measured by settl
8、ing, sieving, micro-metric, or direct measurement methods (see 5.2).3.2.4 particle size distributionthe relative amount of asediment sample in a range of specific sizes in terms ofpercentages by mass, volume, or number, finer than a givenparticle size.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide consists of su
9、ggested manual test methodsfor analyzing fluvial sediment samples for particle size distri-bution.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide is general and useful in helping the user todetermine an appropriate manual test method for determiningthe particle size distribution of fluvial sediments. The sug-
10、gested test methods are not described in this guide, butreferences are given so that the user may obtain more infor-mation about each test method.5.2 It should be noted that different test methods may andoften times do produce different particle size distributions forthe same sample. This is due in
11、part to the different testmethods requiring native or distilled water, differences indispersion methods used, and differences in what the testmethod is measuring, that is, physical or sedimentation diam-eter.6. Sampling6.1 Collect the samples in accordance with Guide D 4411 or“Field Methods for Meas
12、urement of Fluvial Sediments” (1).37. Procedure7.1 Visually inspect the sample or streambed to estimateparticle size ranges contained in the sample.7.2 Enter Table 1 from the left. Determine the test methodsthat are appropriate for: (1) the estimated particle size con-tained in the sample, and (2) t
13、he desired reporting units.7.3 Details on each test method are given in the referenceslisted under each test method.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments, Geomorphology,and Open-Channel Flow .Current e
14、dition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published November 2008. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 4822 88 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vol
15、ume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis guide.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.4 Use Tab
16、le 2 to estimate quantities of sediment neededfor each type of analysis.8. Precision and Bias8.1 The test methods suggested in this guide have differentprecision ranges and biases. See References (2-7) and TestMethod D 422 for precision and bias information applicablefor each test method.9. Keywords
17、9.1 particle size; sedimentTABLE 1 Guide for Selection of Particle Size Analysis of Fluvial Sediments Using Manual MethodsNOTENot all test methods will give complete distribution for the size range indicated, some will only give percent finer for one or two sizes in theindicated range. See reference
18、s for more detail on each test method.M = Results in percent by mass PC = Particle countN = Results in percent by number of particles OPC = Optical particle count, non-microscopicV = Results in percent by volume H = HydrometerBW = Bottom withdrawal M = MicroscopicP = Pipet D = DecantationVA = Visual
19、 accumulation EW = Elutriator, waterWS = Wet sieve EA = Elutriator, airDS = Dry sieve C = CentrifugalMethods/SizesBW(2,3)AP(2,3)VA(2,3,4)WS(2,3)DS(2,9)PC(2)OPC(5)H(3,6),TestMethodD 422BM(6,7),PracticeE20BD(6,8)EW(7,8)EA(7,8)C(6,7)Clay 0.00045-0.004 mm M M M M VNMMMSilt 0.004-0.062 mm M M M M M VNMMM
20、MSand 0.062-2.0 mm M M M N VNVNMMGravel 2.0-64 mm M N VNCobbles 64-256 mm N VNBoulders 256 mm N VNANumbers in parentheses indicate applicable reference.BSee Referenced Documents section for complete title and location.D 4822 88 (2008)2REFERENCES(1) Edwards, T. K., and Glysson, G. D.,“Field Methods f
21、or Measurementof Fluvial Sediment,” U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 3, Chapter 2, 1988.(2) Guy, H. P., “Laboratory Theory and Methods for Sediment Analysis,”U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations,Book 5, Chapter C1, p. 58, 1969.(
22、3) Vanoni, V. A., “Sedimentation Engineering,” American Society ofCivil Engineering, Manuals and Reports on Engineering Practice, No.54, p. 745, 1975.(4) U.S. Inter-Agency Committee on Water Resources, Subcommittee onSedimentation, “Operators Manual on the Visual-Accumulation-TubeMethod for Sediment
23、 Analysis of Sands,” Report K of Sediment Loadsin Streams, p. 28, 1958.(5) Ritter, J. R., and Helley, E. J., “Optical Method for DeterminingParticle Size of Course Sediment,” U.S. Geological Survey Techniquesof Water-Resources Investigations, Book 5, Chapter C3, p. 33, 1969.(6) Allen, T., Particle S
24、ize Measurement, Chapman and Hall Ltd., London,England, p. 454, 1975.(7) Stockman, J. D., and Fochtman, E. G., “Particle Size Analysis,” AnnArbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI, p. 140, 1977.(8) U.S. Inter-Agency Committee on Water Resources, Subcommittee onSedimentation, “Measurement and Analysis of Sedime
25、nt Loads inStreams,” Report No. 4, Methods of Analyzing Sediment Samples,p.203, 1941.(9) Symposium on Particle Size Measurement, ASTM STP 234, ASTM,1958, p. 310.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this sta
26、ndard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be revi
27、ewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsib
28、le technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Co
29、nshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 2 Ranges in Op
30、timum Quantity of Sediment for DifferentMethods of Particle Size AnalysisMethodRange in Optimum Quantity orConcentration of Sediment(BW) Bottom withdrawal 0.5-1.8 g(P) Pipet 1.0-5.0 g(VA) Visual accumulation 0.05-15.0 g(WS) Wet sieve 0.05g(DS) Dry sieve 0.05 g(PC) Particle count 100 particles(OPC) O
31、ptical particle count 1000 particlesH) (Hydrometer 40 000 mg/LA(M) Microscopic 750 particles(D) Decantation 1.0-5.0 g(EW) Elutriator, water 10 gEA) (Elutriator, air 0.1-20 g(C) Centrifugal 0.5-2.0 volume%AAQuantity of sediment needed to obtain this concentration will vary dependingupon size of container needed to perform test method.D 4822 88 (2008)3
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