1、Designation: D4832 10Standard Test Method forPreparation and Testing of Controlled Low Strength Material(CLSM) Test Cylinders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4832; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers procedures for the preparation,curing, transporting and testing of cylindrical
3、test specimens ofcontrolled low strength material (CLSM) for the determinationof compressive strength.1.2 This test method covers CLSM materials that have ahigher strength than the soil but less than 8400 kPa (1200 psi).Typical strengths for most applications fall between 350 to 700kPa (50 to 100 ps
4、i).1.3 The CLSM used to make the molded specimens shall besampled after all on-site adjustments have been made to themixture proportions, including the addition of mix water andany admixtures.1.4 This test method may be used to prepare and testcylindrical specimens of other mixtures of soil and ceme
5、nti-tious materials, such as self-cementing fly ashes.1.5 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled densityfill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill,K-Krete, and other similar names.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digit
6、s and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that should generally be retained. The proce-dures used
7、 do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scopeof this
8、standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound equivalents given in brackets are, inmost cases, rationalized units and are shown for informationonly.1.8 This standard does not
9、purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1
10、ASTM Standards:2C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing ConcreteTest Specimens in
11、 the LaboratoryC470/C470M Specification for Molds for Forming Con-crete Test Cylinders VerticallyC617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC1231/C1231M Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps inDetermination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Con-crete CylindersD653 Terminology Relating to
12、Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD5971 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ControlledLow-Strength MaterialD6023 Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),
13、Yield, Ce-ment Content, andAir Content (Gravimetric) of ControlledLow-Strength Material (CLSM)D6024 Test Method for Ball Drop on Controlled LowStrength Material (CLSM) to Determine Suitability forLoad ApplicationD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataD6103 Test Method for Flo
14、w Consistency of Controlled1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2010. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous
15、edition approved in 2002 as D4832 02. DOI:10.1520/D4832-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*
16、A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Low Strength Material (CLSM)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions3.1.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, referto
17、Terminology C125 and D653.3.1.2 Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), nAmixture of soil, aggregates (sand, gravel, or both), cementitiousmaterials, potable water, and sometimes admixtures, that hard-ens into a material with a higher strength than the soil but lessthan about 8400 kPa (1200 psi). U
18、sed as a replacement forcompacted backfill, CLSM can be placed as a slurry, a mortar,or a compacted material and typically has strengths of 350 to700 kPa (50 to 100 psi) for most applications.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Cylinders are tested to determine the compressivestrength of the CLSM. The cyli
19、nders are prepared by pouringa representative CLSM sample into molds, then depending onthe strength development, either curing the cylinders thenremoving them from the molds or removing the molds prior tocuring the cylinders, and preparing the cylinders for compres-sion testing. The cylinders are th
20、en tested to obtain compres-sive strengths. Duplicate cylinders are required for each testage specified.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides standardized requirements forthe preparation, curing, transporting and testing of test cylin-ders of CLSM under field conditions by replicating
21、 a “fieldcure” of the material.5.1.1 If the cylinders are field cured, as stipulated herein, theresulting compressive strength test data may be used for thefollowing purposes:5.1.1.1 Acceptance testing for specified strength,5.1.1.2 Checking the adequacy of mixture proportions forstrength,5.1.1.3 Qu
22、ality control,5.1.1.4 Determination of whether the CLSM is capable ofbeing put in service,5.1.1.5 Adequacy of curing.5.2 CLSM is typically used as a backfill material aroundstructures, particularly in confined or limited spaces. Compres-sive strength testing is performed to assist in the design of t
23、hemix and to serve as a quality control technique duringconstruction. Mix design is typically based on 28-day strengthsand construction control tests performed 7 days after place-ment. The compressive strength(s) and other test age(s) willvary according to the requirements for the end product.Additi
24、onal information on the use and history of CLSM iscontained in Appendix X1.5.3 This test is one of a series of quality control tests thatcan be performed on CLSM during construction to monitorcompliance with specification requirements. The other teststhat can be used during construction control of C
25、LSM arePractice D5971 and Test Methods D6023, D6024, and D6103.5.4 There are many other combinations of soil, cement, flyash (cementitious or not), admixtures, water quality or othermaterials that could be tested using this method. The mixtureswill vary depending on the intended use, availability of
26、materials, and placement requirements.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of
27、competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of thisstandard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not initself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors;Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus
28、6.1 Single-Use Cylindrical MoldsPlastic single-use 1503 300 mm (6 3 12 in.) or 100 3 200 mm (4 3 8 in.) cylindermolds with tight-fitting lids (see 9.2.2.1 regarding cautionarystatement for “air-tight” lids), conforming to SpecificationC470/C470M. Other sizes and types of molds may be used aslong as
29、the length to diameter ratio is 2 to 1. The 150 3 300mm (6 3 12 in.) molds are preferred for use in concretecompression apparatus (Section 6.5) because of the lowstrength of the material and the larger surface area of the endsof the cylinders.6.1.1 Mold removal can be accomplished with the use oflow
30、 air pressure. The pressure shall be low enough so thesample is undamaged.6.2 Sampling and Mixing ReceptacleThe receptacle shallbe a suitable non-absorbent material (heavy-gauge metal orheavy duty plastic container, wheelbarrow, etc.) of sufficientcapacity to allow easy sampling and remixing with a
31、shovel orscoop and to allow preparation of at least two cylinders and forother tests such as described in Test Methods D5971, D6023,and D6103.6.3 Storage ContainerA tightly constructed, insulated,firmly braced wooden box with a cover or other suitablecontainer for storage of the CLSM cylinders at th
32、e constructionsite. The container shall be equipped, as necessary, to maintainthe temperature immediately adjacent to the cylinders in therange of 16 to 27C (60 to 80F). The location of the storagecontainer shall be away from direct sunlight and protected fromfreezing temperatures for extended lengt
33、hs of time (for addi-tional guidance see Section on Curing in Practice C31/C31M).The container shall be marked for identification and shall be abright color to avoid disturbance.6.4 Transportation ContainerA sturdy wooden box orother suitable container constructed with adequate padding tominimize sh
34、ock, vibration, or damage to the CLSM cylinderswhen transported to the laboratory.6.5 Testing MachineThe testing machine shall meet therequirements as described in Test Method C39/C39M with thefollowing exceptions.6.5.1 The readability shall be a minimum of two significantdigits with interpolation o
35、f the second digit not more than 0.11kN (25 lbf) for strengths less than about 350 kPa (50 psi). Forstrengths greater than about 350 kPa (50 psi), the minimumreadability should be two significant digits with interpolationof the second digit not more than 0.55 kN (100 lbf).6.5.2 Since the compressive
36、 strength of CLSM cylinderswill typically be 100 to 8400 kPa (about 15 to 1200 lbf/in.2),D4832 102the testing machine must have a loading range such that validvalues of compressive strength can be obtained.6.6 Curing EnvironmentA curing environment (waterbath, damp sand, fog room) that meets the req
37、uirements ofPractice C192/C192M. The cylinders may be cured in the samecuring environment used for concrete cylinders at the labora-tory performing the testing.6.7 Small ToolsTools and items that may be required suchas shovels, pails, trowels, tamping rod and scoops.7. Hazards7.1 Technical Precautio
38、nThe procedure for the prepara-tion of CLSM test cylinders has many similarities to preparingconcrete test cylinders (Practice C31/C31M and Practice C192/C192M). However, the cylinders are much more fragile thanconcrete cylinders, and special care should be taken in theirpreparation, storage, and ha
39、ndling.7.2 Safety Hazards:7.2.1 Strictly observe the safety precautions stated in Prac-tice C617.7.2.2 If the cylinders are capped with molten sulfur mortar(which is not advised for CLSM cylinders, see Section 10 onCapping the Cylinders), wear proper personnel protectiveequipment, including gloves w
40、ith cuffs at least 15 cm (6-in.)long. WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures arecaustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue uponprolonged exposure.38. CLSM Sampling and Test Specimens8.1 Take samples of the CLSM for each test cylinder inaccordance with D5971. Record the identity of
41、 the CLSMrepresented and the date and time of casting.8.2 The sample from the batch should be a minimum of 0.03m3(1 ft3) for each two cylinders to be prepared. Prepare aminimum of two compressive strength cylinders for each testage to represent each sampled batch. Additional material maybe required
42、if other testing is to be performed, such as in TestMethods D5971, D6023, and D6103.NOTE 2In the initial stage of CLSM usage, preparation of threecylinders is recommended to obtain reliable compressive strength data foreach test age. Subsequently, two cylinders may be used to maintain testingrecords
43、 and to ascertain an overall quality of the mix. However, since thecylinders are fragile and may be damaged during transportation, moldremoval, and capping, preparation of an extra cylinder may be necessaryto provide the minimum number of test cylinders (see Note 4 and 10.2).In addition, it may be u
44、seful to determine the density of the test cylindersto help evaluate the uniformity of the compressive strength values.9. CLSM Cylinder Molding and Curing9.1 Place of MoldingMold cylinders promptly on a level,rigid, horizontal surface free from vibration and other distur-bances. The cylinders should
45、 be prepared at a place as near aspracticable to the location where they are to be stored duringthe first four days.9.2 Placing the CLSM:9.2.1 Thoroughly mix the CLSM in the sampling andmixing receptacle to avoid segregation and to maintain homo-geneity. Because CLSM mixtures can bleed easily (the a
46、ppear-ance of free water at the surface), the sample must be routinelymixed during cylinder production to ensure homogeneity,avoid segregation and ensure that the cylinder producedrepresents the material placed in the trench.9.2.2 With a scoop or pail, scoop through the center portionof the receptac
47、le and pour the CLSM into the mold. Repeatuntil the mold is full. Tap the outsides of the cylinder mold nomore than ten times with a tamping rod or open face of thehand to close holes that remain and to release entrapped airvoids, assuring complete filling of the mold. If necessary, leveloff the top
48、 layer with the trowel or straight-edge so it remainseven and relatively smooth. Place a lid or plastic bag loosely onthe mold.NOTE 3The placement of CLSM into the cylinder molds generallydoes not follow Practices C31/C31M or C192/C192M as the placement isnot done in layers and does not require rodd
49、ing or vibrating. However ifthe CLSM mixture contains high gravel contents, Practice C31/C31Mshould be followed with the applicable layering, rodding and/or vibrationpertaining to the cylinder mold size.9.2.2.1 Use of an airtight lid has been known to cause lowstrength materials to crack, possibly due to the creation of avacuum inside the mold. If an airtight lid is contemplated, itsuse should be evaluated before doing routine testing. Apin-sized hole in the lid has been used successfully in manycases.9.2.2.2 Some mixtures will bleed rapidly, that is, free waterwil
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