1、Designation: D4832 161Standard Test Method forPreparation and Testing of Controlled Low Strength Material(CLSM) Test Cylinders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4832; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially updated units of measurement statement in April 2018.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers procedur
3、es for the preparation,curing, transporting and testing of cylindrical test specimens ofcontrolled low strength material (CLSM) for the determinationof compressive strength.1.2 This test method covers CLSM materials that have ahigher strength than the soil but less than 8400 kPa (1200 psi).Typical s
4、trengths for most applications fall between 350 to 700kPa (50 to 100 psi).1.3 The CLSM used to make the molded specimens shall besampled after all on-site adjustments have been made to themixture proportions, including the addition of mix water andany admixtures.1.4 This test method may be used to p
5、repare and testcylindrical specimens of other mixtures of soil and cementi-tious materials, such as self-cementing fly ashes.1.5 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled densityfill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill,K-Krete, and other similar names.1.6 All observed and
6、 calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.6.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesig
7、nificant digits that should generally be retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations for the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to b
8、ecommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information on
9、ly and are not considered standard.1.7.1 The converted inch-pound units use the gravitationalsystem of units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unitof force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. Theconverted slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F=ma)calculations are involved.1.8
10、This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.See
11、 Section 7.1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
12、Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC192/C
13、192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the LaboratoryC470/C470M Specification for Molds for Forming ConcreteTest Cylinders VerticallyC617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC1231/C1231M Practice for Use of Unbonded Caps in1This test method is under the jurisdic
14、tion ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization WithAdmixtures.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2016. Published January 2017. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4832 10. DOI:10.1520/D4832-16E01.2F
15、or referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standa
16、rdCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Int
17、ernational Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Determination of Compressive Strength of Hardened Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensD653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD3740 Practice for Minimum
18、 Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in Engineering Design and ConstructionD5971 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ControlledLow-Strength MaterialD6023 Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, Ce-ment Content, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of
19、Con-trolled Low-Strength Material (CLSM)D6024 Test Method for Ball Drop on Controlled LowStrength Material (CLSM) to Determine Suitability forLoad ApplicationD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataD6103 Test Method for Flow Consistency of ControlledLow Strength Material (CLSM
20、)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For common definitions of terms in this standard, referto Terminology C125 and D653.3.1.2 Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM), na mix-ture of soil, aggregates (sand, gravel, or both), cementitiousmaterials, water, and sometimes admixtures, that hardens intoa
21、material with a higher strength than the soil but less thanabout 8400 kPa (1200 psi).3.1.2.1 DiscussionUsed as a replacement for compactedbackfill, CLSM can be placed as a slurry, a mortar, or acompacted material and typically has strengths of 350 to 700kPa (50 to 100 psi) for most applications.4. S
22、ummary of Test Method4.1 Cylinders are tested to determine the compressivestrength of the CLSM. The cylinders are prepared by pouringa representative CLSM sample into molds, then depending onthe strength development, either curing the cylinders thenremoving them from the molds or removing the molds
23、prior tocuring the cylinders, and preparing the cylinders for compres-sion testing. The cylinders are then tested to obtain compres-sive strengths. Duplicate cylinders are required for each testage specified.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides standardized requirements forthe prepar
24、ation, curing, transporting and testing of test cylin-ders of CLSM under field conditions by replicating a “fieldcure” of the material.5.1.1 If the cylinders are field cured, as stipulated herein, theresulting compressive strength test data may be used for thefollowing purposes:5.1.1.1 Acceptance te
25、sting for specified strength,5.1.1.2 Checking the adequacy of mixture proportions forstrength,5.1.1.3 Quality control,5.1.1.4 Determination of whether the CLSM is capable ofbeing put in service,5.1.1.5 Adequacy of curing.5.2 CLSM is typically used as a backfill material aroundstructures, particularl
26、y in confined or limited spaces. Compres-sive strength testing is performed to assist in the design of themix and to serve as a quality control technique duringconstruction. Mix design is typically based on 28-day strengthsand construction control tests performed 7 days after place-ment. The compres
27、sive strength(s) and other test age(s) willvary according to the requirements for the end product.Additional information on the use and history of CLSM iscontained in Appendix X1.5.3 This test is one of a series of quality control tests thatcan be performed on CLSM during construction to monitorcomp
28、liance with specification requirements. The other teststhat can be used during construction control of CLSM arePractice D5971 and Test Methods D6023, D6024, and D6103.5.4 There are many other combinations of soil, cement, flyash (cementitious or not), admixtures, water quality or othermaterials that
29、 could be tested using this method. The mixtureswill vary depending on the intended use, availability ofmaterials, and placement requirements.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment an
30、d facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/and the like. Users of thisstandard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not initself assure reliable results. Reliable results
31、 depend on many factors;Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Single-Use Cylindrical MoldsPlastic single-use 150 300 mm (6 12 in.) or 100 200 mm (4 8 in.) cylindermolds with tight-fitting lids (see 9.2.2.1 regarding cautionarystatement for “air-tight” li
32、ds), conforming to SpecificationC470/C470M. Other sizes and types of molds may be used aslong as the length to diameter ratio is 2 to 1.The 150 300 mm(6 12 in.) molds are preferred for use in concrete compres-sion apparatus (Section 6.5) because of the low strength of thematerial and the larger surf
33、ace area of the ends of the cylinders.6.1.1 Mold removal can be accomplished with the use oflow air pressure. The pressure shall be low enough so thesample is undamaged.6.2 Sampling and Mixing ReceptacleThe receptacle shallbe a suitable non-absorbent material (heavy-gauge metal orheavy duty plastic
34、container, wheelbarrow, etc.) of sufficientcapacity to allow easy sampling and remixing with a shovel orscoop and to allow preparation of at least two cylinders and forother tests such as described in Test Methods D5971, D6023,and D6103.6.3 Storage ContainerA tightly constructed, insulated,firmly br
35、aced wooden box with a cover or other suitablecontainer for storage of the CLSM cylinders at the constructionsite. The container shall be equipped, as necessary, to maintainthe temperature immediately adjacent to the cylinders in therange of 16 to 27C (60 to 80F). The location of the storagecontaine
36、r shall be away from direct sunlight and protected fromD4832 1612freezing temperatures for extended lengths of time (for addi-tional guidance see Section on Curing in Practice C31/C31M).The container shall be marked for identification and shall be abright color to avoid disturbance.6.4 Transportatio
37、n ContainerA sturdy wooden box orother suitable container constructed with adequate padding tominimize shock, vibration, or damage to the CLSM cylinderswhen transported to the laboratory.6.5 Testing MachineThe testing machine shall meet therequirements as described in Test Method C39/C39M with thefo
38、llowing exceptions.6.5.1 The readability shall be a minimum of two significantdigits with interpolation of the second digit not more than 0.11kN (25 lbf) for strengths less than about 350 kPa (50 psi). Forstrengths greater than about 350 kPa (50 psi), the minimumreadability should be two significant
39、 digits with interpolationof the second digit not more than 0.55 kN (100 lbf).6.5.2 Since the compressive strength of CLSM cylinderswill typically be 100 to 8400 kPa (about 15 to 1200 lbf/in.2),the testing machine must have a loading range such that validvalues of compressive strength can be obtaine
40、d.6.6 Curing EnvironmentA curing environment (waterbath, damp sand, fog room) that meets the requirements ofPractice C192/C192M. The cylinders may be cured in the samecuring environment used for concrete cylinders at the labora-tory performing the testing.6.7 Small ToolsTools and items that may be r
41、equired suchas shovels, pails, trowels, tamping rod and scoops.7. Hazards7.1 Technical PrecautionThe procedure for the prepara-tion of CLSM test cylinders has many similarities to preparingconcrete test cylinders (Practice C31/C31M and Practice C192/C192M). However, the cylinders are much more fragi
42、le thanconcrete cylinders, and special care should be taken in theirpreparation, storage, and handling.7.2 Safety Hazards:7.2.1 Strictly observe the safety precautions stated in Prac-tice C617.7.2.2 If the cylinders are capped with molten sulfur mortar(which is not advised for CLSM cylinders, see Se
43、ction 10 onCapping the Cylinders), wear proper personnel protectiveequipment, including gloves with cuffs at least 15 cm (6-in.)long. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures arecaustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue uponprolonged exposure.3)8. CLSM Sampling and Test Specimens8
44、.1 Take samples of the CLSM for each test cylinder inaccordance with D5971. Record the identity of the CLSMrepresented and the date and time of casting.8.2 The sample from the batch should be a minimum of 0.03m3(1 ft3) for each two cylinders to be prepared. Prepare aminimum of two compressive streng
45、th cylinders for each testage to represent each sampled batch. Additional material maybe required if other testing is to be performed, such as in TestMethods D5971, D6023, and D6103.NOTE 2In the initial stage of CLSM usage, preparation of threecylinders is recommended to obtain reliable compressive
46、strength data foreach test age. Subsequently, two cylinders may be used to maintain testingrecords and to ascertain an overall quality of the mix. However, since thecylinders are fragile and may be damaged during transportation, moldremoval, and capping, preparation of an extra cylinder may be neces
47、saryto provide the minimum number of test cylinders (see Note 4 and 10.2).In addition, it may be useful to determine the density of the test cylindersto help evaluate the uniformity of the compressive strength values.9. CLSM Cylinder Molding and Curing9.1 Place of MoldingMold cylinders promptly on a
48、 level,rigid, horizontal surface free from vibration and other distur-bances. The cylinders should be prepared at a place as near aspracticable to the location where they are to be stored duringthe first four days.9.2 Placing the CLSM:9.2.1 Thoroughly mix the CLSM in the sampling andmixing receptacl
49、e to avoid segregation and to maintain homo-geneity. Because CLSM mixtures can bleed easily (the appear-ance of free water at the surface), the sample must be routinelymixed during cylinder production to ensure homogeneity,avoid segregation and ensure that the cylinder producedrepresents the material placed in the trench.9.2.2 With a scoop or pail, scoop through the center portionof the receptacle and pour the CLSM into the mold. Repeatuntil the mold is full. Tap the outsides of the cylinder mold nomore than ten times with a tamping rod or open face o
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