ASTM D4850-2012 Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods《织物和织物试验方法的有关标准术语》.pdf

1、Designation:D4850081Designation: D4850 12Standard Terminology Relating toFabrics and Fabric Test Methods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4850; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re

2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEThis terminology was updated editorially in September 2011.1. Scope1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms used i

3、n the industry related to textile fabrics. Terms that are generallyunderstood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included. Other terminology standards that have termsrelated to textile fabrics are shown in 2.12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D737 Test Method f

4、or Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics D1117Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven FabricsD1336 Test Method for Distortion of Yarn in Woven FabricsD1388 Test Method for Stiffness of FabricsD1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) ApparatusD1775 Test Method for Te

5、nsion and Elongation of Wide Elastic Fabrics3D1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD2261 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension TensileTesting Machine)D2594 Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics Havin

6、g Low Power D2646Test Methods for Backing FabricCharacteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Cover-ingsD2724 Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated Apparel FabricsD2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for TextilesD3107 Test Methods for Stretch Properties of Fabrics Woven from Stretch Yarn

7、sD3511 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Brush Pilling TesterD3512 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random Tumble PillingTesterD3514 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Sur

8、face Changes of Textile Fabrics: Elastomeric PadD3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven FabricD3774 Test Method for Width of Textile FabricD3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven FabricsD3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of FabricD3786 Test Method for Bursti

9、ng Strength of Textile FabricsDiaphragm Bursting Strength Tester MethodD3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of TextilesConstant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst TestD3789 Practice for Labeling Cans of Consumer Spray Paint3D3882 Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven and Knitted FabricsD3883 Test

10、Method for Yarn Crimp and Yarn Take-up in Woven FabricsD3884 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)D3885 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)D3886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabr

11、ics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)D3887 Specification for Tolerances for Knitted Fabrics1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric Test Methods, General.Current edition approved July 1, 2008.2012. Pub

12、lishedAugust 2008.2012. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as D485003a(2007).081. DOI: 10.1520/D4850-08E01.10.1520/D4850-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book

13、of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an

14、 indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to

15、 be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D3939 Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Mace)D3990 Terminology Relating to Fabric DefectsD4032 Test Method for Stiffness of Fabric by t

16、he Circular Bend ProcedureD4033 Test Method for Resistance to Yarn Slippage at the Sewn Seam in Upholstery Fabrics (Dynamic Fatigue Method)D4034 Test Method for Resistance to Yarn Slippage at the Sewn Seam in Woven Upholstery FabricsD4157 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscil

17、latory Cylinder Method)D4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Uniform Abrasion)D4390 Practice for the Evaluation of the Performance of Terry Bathroom Products for Home Use3D4772 Test Method for Surface Water Absorption of Terry Fabrics (Water Flow)D4350 Test Method for Corrosivity I

18、ndex of Plastics and FillersD4685 Test Method for Pile Fabric AbrasionD4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of TextilesD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test MethodsD4851 Test Methods for Coated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural UseD4964 Test Met

19、hod for Tension and Elongation of Elastic Fabrics (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Type Tensile Testing Machine)D4966 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)D4970 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Ma

20、rtindale TesterD5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)D5103 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution of Manufactured Staple Fibers (Single-Fiber Test)D5278 Test Me

21、thod for Elongation of Narrow Elastic Fabrics (Static-Load Testing)D5362 Test Method for Snagging Resistance of Fabrics (Bean Bag)D5378 Performance Specification for Woven and Knitted Shower Curtains for Institutional and Household UseD5426 Practices for Visual Inspection and Grading of Fabrics Used

22、 for Inflatable RestraintsD5430 Test Methods for Visually Inspecting and Grading FabricsD5446 Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable RestraintsD5587 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid ProcedureD5684 Terminology Relat

23、ing to Pile Floor CoveringsD5793 Test Method for Binding Sites per Unit Length or Width of Pile Yarn Floor CoveringsD6207 Test Method for Dimensional Stability of Fabrics to Changes in Humidity and TemperatureD6614 Test Method for Stretch Properties of Textile Fabrics CRE MethodD6674 Guide for Profi

24、ciency Test Program for FabricsD6770 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Webbing (Hex Bar Method)D6797 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Fabrics Constant-Rate-of-Extension (CRE) Ball Burst Test3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:abrasion, nthe wearing away of any part of a material by rubbin

25、g against another surface. D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157,D4158, D4685, D4966abrasion cycle, none complete movement across the surface of a material.DISCUSSIONThe complete movement for an abrasion cycle is dependent on the action of the abrasion machine and the test method used. It mayconsist of one bac

26、k-and-forth unidirectional movement or one circular movement, or a combination of both. D3885abrasion cycle, nfor the Martindale Abrasion Tester, 16 rubs required to complete a geometric shape, known as a Lissajous.D4966abrasion cycle, nin abrasion testing, one or more movements of the abradant acro

27、ss a material surface, or the material surfaceacross the abradant, that permits a return to its starting position.DISCUSSIONThe abrasion cycle is dependent on the programmed motions of the abrasion machine and the test standard used. It may consist of oneback-and-forth unidirectional movement such a

28、s for the flexing and abrasion test method; a circular movement such as for the rotary platform testmethod, or a combination of both such as for the inflated diaphragm test method. For the oscillatory cylinder abrasion method, an abrasion cycleconsists of one double-rub. See double-rub. D13.60 D4157

29、, D6770absorption, na process in which one material (the absorbent) takes in or absorbs another (the absorbate); as the absorption ofmoisture by fibers. D13.59 D4772accuracy, nof a test method, the degree of agreement between the true value of the property being tested (or accepted standardvalue) an

30、d the average of many observations made according to the test method, preferably by many observers. D13.60D2906, D6674air permeability, nthe rate of air flow passing perpendicular through a known area under a prescribed air pressure differentialbetween the two surfaces of a material.D4850 122DISCUSS

31、IONAir permeability of fabric at a stated pressure differential between two surfaces of the fabric is generally expressed in SI units ascm3/s/cm2and in inch-pound units as ft3/min/ft2calculated in operating conditions. (See permeability, porosity.) D737air-supported roof, na fabric roof-system that

32、is properly secured and primarily supported and held in place by air pressure.D4851architectural-use, nin the building trade, a descriptive term for fabrics used in fabric roof-systems or similar industrialapplications. (See also fabric roof-system.) D4851bagging, nany material, such as fabric or ot

33、her suitable material used to protect commodities during shipment and/or storage.DISCUSSIONFabrics may be of the woven, knitted, or non-woven type, and are typically produced with cotton, jute, polyethylene, or polypropylenefibers. D4850batch sample, nthe material(s) used for the proficiency test st

34、udy taken from a common roll or garment lot and distributed tothe participants. D13.60 D6674bending length, n(1) generala measure of the interaction between fabric weight and fabric stiffness as shown by the way inwhich a fabric bends under its own weight. It reflects the stiffness of a fabric when

35、bent in one plane under the force of gravity,and is one component of drape; (2) specificthe cube root of the ratio of the flexural rigidity to the weight per unit area.D1388bias, nin statistics, a constant or systematic error in test results. D13.60 D6674blister, nin bonded, fused, or laminated fabr

36、ics, a bulge, swelling, or similar surface condition on either the face fabric or thebacking fabric characterized by the fabric being raised from the plane of the underlying component over a limited area to givea puffy appearance. D2724bond strength, nof bonded, fused, or laminated fabrics, the tens

37、ile force expressed in ounces per 25 mm (1 in.) of width,required to separate the component layers under specified conditions. D2724bonded fabric, na layered fabric structure wherein a face or shell fabric is joined to a backing fabric, such as tricot, with anadhesive that does not significantly add

38、 to the thickness of the combined fabrics. (See also laminated fabric, coated fabric.)D2724book fold, na fabric doubled selvage to selvage, then folded back and forth upon itself in predetermined lengths. (See also shoefold.)DISCUSSIONWhen the piece is completed, the fold-edges on each side are fold

39、ed once more upon themselves so that the fold-edges are inside,forming a compact package as long as one half the width of the fabric. D4850bow, na fabric condition resulting when filling yarns or knitted courses are displaced from a line perpendicular to the selvagesand form one or more arcs across

40、the width of the fabric. (See also double bow.) D3882, D3990braided fabric, na structure produced by interlacing three or more ends of yarns in a manner such that the paths of the yarnsare diagonal to the vertical axis of the fabric. D4850breaking force, nthe maximum force applied to a material carr

41、ied to rupture (compare breaking point, breaking strength).D13.60 D3884, D3885, D4157, D4848, D5034, D5035, D6770breaking load, ndeprecated term. Use breaking force. D13.60 D4848, D5034broken end, nin woven fabrics, a void in the warp direction due to yarn breakage. D3990bubbleSee preferred term bli

42、ster. D13.59 D2724burlap, na coarse, heavy, plain weave fabric of yarns, such as bast or cotton fiber yarn. D4850bursting strength, nthe force or pressure required to rupture a textile by distending it with a force, applied at right angles tothe plane of the fabric, under specified conditions.DISCUS

43、SIONThe angle of application of force, and the area of the fabric upon which the force is applied varies continuously as the fabric stretcheswhen it is tested as directed in this method. D6797bursting strength, nthe force or pressure required to rupture a fabric by distending it with a force, applie

44、d at right angles tothe plane of the fabric, under specified conditions. D3786, D3787, D3887calibrate, nto determine and record the relationship between a set of standard units of measure and the output of an instrumentor test procedure. D13.60 D6674circular bend, nsimultaneous, multidirectional def

45、ormation of a fabric in which one face of a flat specimen becomes concaveand the other becomes convex. D4032coated fabric, na flexible material composed of a fabric and any adherent polymeric material applied to one or both surfaces.(See also laminated fabric.) D4850, D4851, D5446color contrast, nin

46、 textiles, a general term for a visible color difference between two adjacent areas.DISCUSSIONFor the purpose of Test Methods D3939 and D5362, a color contrast is a visible color difference between a snag and the immediatesurrounding area of the fabric that has no defects. Color contrasts often occu

47、r when printed fabrics are snagged. D3939, D5362constant-rate-of-extension tensile testing machine (CRE), na testing machine in which the rate of increase of the specimenD4850 123length is uniform with time. D6797constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) tensile testing machinea testing machine in which the

48、rate of increase of specimen lengthis uniform with time. D13.60 D5035constant-rate-of-extension type tensile testing machine (CRE), nin tensile testing, an apparatus in which the pulling clampmoves at a uniform rate, and the force-measuring mechanism moves a negligible distance with increasing force

49、, less than 0.13mm (0.005 in.). D3787constant-rate-of-load (CRL) tensile testing machinea testing machine in which the rate of increase of the load being appliedto the specimen is uniform with time after the first 3 s. D13.60 D4964, D5035, D5034constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) tensile testing machinea testing machine in which the pulling clamp moves at a uniform rateand the load is applied through the other clamp which moves appreciably to actuate a weighing mechanism, so that the rate ofincrease of load or elong