ASTM D4852-2018 Standard Practice for Evaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabrics.pdf

1、Designation: D4852 18Standard Practice forEvaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4852; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p

2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice is to be used to evaluate specific charac-teristics of importance in the performance of upholstery fabricattached to a furniture uni

3、t, including woven, knitted, tufted,flocked, or vinyl fabrics.1.2 It is understood that the fabric used to construct theupholstered furniture unit should be evaluated initially usingappropriate fabric performance standards, such as Specifica-tions D3597 and D3690.1.3 Loose cushions or pillows consid

4、ered an inherent part ofthe total furniture unit are to be evaluated using this practice.1.4 This practice is not to be used to evaluate slipcovers orthrows used as furniture coverings. Outdoor furniture cover-ings are not to be evaluated using this practice.1.5 This practice shall not be construed

5、to be a standard ofperformance but only as a standard practice for evaluation ofattached upholstery fabrics.1.6 This practice may be used by mutual agreement betweenpurchaser and supplier to establish purchasing specifications.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,

6、if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with intern

7、ationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 T

8、erminology Relating to TextilesD3597 Performance Specification for Woven UpholsteryFabricsPlain, Tufted, or FlockedD3690 Performance Specification for Vinyl-Coated andUrethane-Coated Upholstery FabricsIndoor (Withdrawn2018)3D4771 Performance Specification for Knitted UpholsteryFabrics for Indoor Fur

9、niture (Withdrawn 2018)3D7023 Terminology Relating to Home Furnishings2.2 AATCC Method:AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1Gray Scale for ColorChange42.3 Other Documents:Knit Upholstery Fabric Standards and Guidelines5Woven Upholstery Fabric Standards and Guidelines63. Terminology3.1 For all terminology rel

10、ating to D13.63, HomeFurnishings, refer to Terminology D7023.1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on Home Furnishings.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published October 2018. Originallyapproved in 1988

11、. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D485288(2009)1which was withdrawn in January 2018 and reinstated in September 2018. DOI:10.1520/D4852-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStanda

12、rds volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709,

13、 http:/www.aatcc.org.5Issued in 1982 by the Joint-Industry Fabric Standards Committee, sponsored byNational Association of Furniture Manufacturers, California Furniture Manufactur-ersAssociation, Southern Furniture ManufacturersAssociation, Southwest FurnitureManufacturers Association, and Furniture

14、 Manufacturers Association of GrandRapids. Available from American Furniture Manufacturers Association, P.O. BoxHP-7, High Point, NC 27261.6Reissued in 1986 by the Joint-Industry Fabric Standards Committee includingAmerican Furniture Manufacturers Association, California Furniture ManufacturersAssoc

15、iation, Furniture Manufacturers Association of Grand Rapids, Association ofWestern Furniture Suppliers, and Home Furnishings Manufacturers Association.Available from American Furniture Manufacturers Association, P.O. Box HP-7,High Point, NC 27261.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,

16、PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued

17、 by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:attached upholstery fabric, back coating, cleaning agent, fur-niture covering, furniture unit, group, overall cleaning, part,refurbish, slipcover, spot and stain remo

18、val, throw, tufting, inupholstered furniture, upholstered furniture, vacuum, weltedseam.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D123.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice may be used to evaluate pertinent perfor-mance characteristics of attached upholstery fabrics.4

19、.2 Loose cushions or pillows considered an inherent part ofthe total upholstered furniture unit are to be evaluated usingthis practice.4.3 This practice is not intended for use with outdoorfurniture nor with slipcovers or throws.4.4 Evaluation is to be done both before and after therefurbishing proc

20、edures, as directed in voluntary care labelinginstructions or as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.4.5 The specified cleaning and maintenance proceduresherein discussed do not reflect professional care designed toenhance the performance of furniture coverings, such as theapplication of soil

21、 and stain protectants. Reflected in thispractice are the minimum capabilities of current cleaningmethods used in accordance with any voluntary care labelinginstructions accompanying the furniture.4.6 The characteristics to be evaluated and the acceptancecriteria assigned to these areas shall be set

22、 by mutual agree-ment between purchaser and supplier.4.7 The significance and use of specific properties arediscussed in the appropriate test methods and performancestandards.5. Sampling, Selection, and Number of Specimens5.1 Lot SampleTake a lot sample as directed in anapplicable material specifica

23、tion or as agreed between thepurchaser and the supplier. In the absence of an applicablematerial specification or prior agreement, randomly sample onefurniture unit of each type to be tested. Treat the lot samplingunits as the laboratory sampling units.NOTE 1In many instances, only one furniture uni

24、t may be availabledue to styling, cost, size, or being a one-of-a-kind unit.5.2 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sampling unit,make the number of observations as directed in the applicabletest methods. Make the observations on the furniture units asthey would have reached the customer.CHARACTERIST

25、ICS AND TEST METHODS6. Selection of Characteristics6.1 The characteristics to be evaluated and the acceptancecriteria assigned to these areas shall be set by mutual agree-ment between purchaser and supplier.7. Fabric Performance Characteristics7.1 Evaluate the selected upholstery fabric before it is

26、attached to the furniture unit, using the appropriate perfor-mance specification methods as directed in SpecificationsD3597, D3690, D4771 or the Knit and Woven UpholsteryFabric Standards, as agreed upon by purchaser and supplier.8. Evaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabric Prior toRefurbishing8.1 Gen

27、eralThe attached furniture covering characteris-tics to be evaluated prior to refurbishing may include, but arenot limited to: matching (such as pattern and pile direction);uniformity of shade (part to part); visual appearance offurniture unit (seams, welting, tufting); compatibility of furni-ture u

28、nits within a group; and any obvious defects.8.1.1 For all visual evaluations use a light source as agreedupon between purchaser and supplier.8.2 MatchingEvaluate matching of such items as patternand pile direction, and shade uniformity (part to part) followingthe procedures in “Pattern Repeat, Colo

29、r and Shade” of theWoven Upholstery Fabric or Knit Upholstery Fabric Standardsand Guidelines.8.3 Visual AppearanceEvaluate the appearance of thefurniture unit including seams, welting, and tufting, as mutu-ally agreed upon by purchaser and supplier.8.4 Compatibility Within a GroupEvaluate visually t

30、hecompatibility of furniture units within a group, as mutuallyagreed upon between purchaser and supplier.8.5 Other DefectsExamine the attached textile furniturecovering for any other obvious defects.9. Refurbishing Conditions9.1 The refurbishing of attached upholstery fabric mayinvolve either overal

31、l cleaning, spot cleaning, or vacuuming, asdirected by instructions on voluntary care labeling or as agreedupon between purchaser and supplier.9.1.1 Voluntary care instructions should be one of thosedescribed in the Cleanability Codes of the Woven or KnitUpholstery Fabric Standards and Guidelines, w

32、here:WClean only with water based shampoo or foam upholsterycleaner. Do not overwet. Do not use solvents to spot clean. Pilefabrics may require brushing to restore appearance. Cushioncovers should not be removed and laundered.SClean only with dry cleaning solvent. Do not saturate. Donot use water. P

33、ile fabric may require brushing to restoreappearance. Cushion covers should not be removed and drycleaned.WSClean with shampoo, foam, or dry cleaning solvents asdesired. Do not saturate with liquid. Pile fabrics may requirebrushing to restore appearance. Cushion covers should not beremoved and dry c

34、leaned.XDo not clean with either water base or solvent basecleaners. Use vacuuming and light brushing only.9.1.2 Furniture cushion covers having zippers or otherclosures should never be removed for the refurbishing process.9.1.3 If vacuuming is the selected refurbishing method,report the equipment a

35、nd details of the procedures used.D4852 1829.1.4 If overall cleaning or spot cleaning are the selectedrefurbishing methods, choose an appropriate type of cleaningagent (solvent based or water based) as directed by thevoluntary care instructions.9.1.4.1 The specific cleaning product used shall be a d

36、omes-tically available upholstery cleaning product, used as recom-mended by the manufacturer.9.1.5 Complete the refurbishing treatment once, or as manytimes as specified.9.2 After the refurbishing treatment, allow the furniture unitto stand 24 h or until dry, and evaluate using the test methodsas di

37、rected in Section 10.10. Evaluation of Attached Upholstery Fabric AfterRefurbishing10.1 The characteristics of attached upholstery fabric to beevaluated after refurbishing may include, but are not limited to:color change; visual appearance of the furniture units; compat-ibility of furniture units wi

38、thin a group; and other characteris-tics as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.10.1.1 Determine color change caused by the refurbishingprocess by using the AATCC Gray Scale, when appropriate.10.2 Evaluate the appearance of the furniture unit by notingcolor change, seams, welting, tufting, ya

39、rn appearance andslippage, as agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.10.3 Evaluate compatibility of furniture units within a groupby noting changes in appearance, color and texture, as agreedupon between purchaser, and supplier.10.4 Examine upholstery fabric for any other obviouschanges.REPORT,

40、CONFORMANCE, AND INDEXING11. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed inPractice D4852.11.2 Report the following information:11.2.1 Objective of the test.11.2.2 Description and identification of furniture units andupholstery fabric coverings.11.2.3 Number of furniture units tested

41、.11.2.4 Description of refurbishing products and proceduresused.11.2.5 Specific details of each test, where there is an optionin procedures, or when purchaser and supplier have reached amutual agreement on procedure.11.2.6 List of performance characteristics evaluated and theresults of each evaluati

42、on.11.2.7 Conclusions, if appropriate.12. Conformance12.1 When the purchaser and the supplier have agreed uponspecific requirements for the characteristics that are to beconsidered, the upholstered furniture that fails to meet theserequirements may be rejected. Rejection should be reported tothe sup

43、plier in writing. In case of disagreement with the resultsof the tests, the supplier may make claim for a retest.13. Keywords13.1 furniture; upholsteryASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Use

44、rs of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every

45、 five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technic

46、al committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken

47、, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 183