1、Designation: D4860 13Standard Test Method forFree Water and Particulate Contamination in MiddleDistillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for fieldand laboratory use to in
3、spect visually for particulate matter andnumerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillatefuels.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety conc
4、erns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.2. Referenced Documents2.
5、1 ASTM Standards:2D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in LiquidPetroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent (Withdrawn2000)3D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in AviationFuel by Line SamplingD2709 Test Method f
6、or Water and Sediment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 clear-and-bright (al
7、so termed clean-and-bright),nacondition in which the fuel contains no visible water drops orparticulates and is free of haze or cloudiness.3.1.2 free water, nwater in excess of that soluble in thefuel at the temperature of the test and appearing in the fuel asa haze, cloudiness, droplets, or water l
8、ayer.3.1.3 solid particulate, nin liquid fuels, small solid orsemi-solid particles, sometimes referred to as silt or sediment,present in fuel.3.1.3.1 DiscussionSome examples of solid particulatesare air-blown dust, corrosion by-products, internal protective-coating deterioration, and products of fue
9、l degradation andmicrobial growth.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Micro-Separometer4clear-and-bright (MSEPC however, in some instances the samplemay be transferred from the apparatus used to secure thesample to the sample container used in the test.NOTE 4Exercise care when t
10、ransferring a sample from one containerto another to ensure the test sample is representative of the fuel source.8.2 Use the following procedure when the sample is drawndirectly into the sample container from a sampling valve:8.2.1 Be sure the sampling valve is free of loose solidcontaminants. If ru
11、st or other loose encrustations are present,remove with a cloth; then flush the sampling valve beforetaking the actual sample.8.2.2 Rinse a clean sample container thoroughly with thefuel being sampled.8.2.3 Draw approximately 700 mL of fuel into the samplecontainer (at least34 full) as rapidly as po
12、ssible. Use a full flushrather than permitting the fuel sample to trickle out.8.2.4 A lid shall be placed on the container to prevent waterabsorption or loss from the sample to the ambient environment,especially if the test is performed under different environmen-tal conditions than those of the sam
13、ple site or at a later time.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Locate the Micro-Separometer on a clean workbench inan area in which the temperature is within the operating limitsof the instrument, 0 to 50C.9.2 Open the case and remove the six-pack box from the lid.Raise the right panel until completely
14、vertical and locked inplace. When ac power is available, connect the power cord andturn the instrument on; otherwise operate using battery power.9.3 Depress the switch (push button) marked ON.NOTE 5Flickering of the power indicator light during any portion ofa test sequence being performed when usin
15、g battery power indicates thatrecharging is necessary.9.4 Have ready a supply of syringes, syringe plugs, vials,and Clear and Bright coalescer/filters. In addition, have thecatch pan positioned under the syringe drive mechanism toaccept the spent fuel.10. Conditioning10.1 Under no circumstances is t
16、he test fuel to be prefilteredas filter media can remove the very materials, water andparticulate matter, that the test is designed to detect.10.2 The sample temperature shall not be lower than thetemperature at which the fuel will be stored and used. Too lowa storage temperature can cause a haze to
17、 form from waterpreviously in solution. When possible, perform the test with thefuel sample at a temperature representing a real-use situation.11. Procedure11.1 Visual inspection for water or particulate contamina-tion.11.1.1 Immediately upon drawing a sample for field testing,check visually for evi
18、dence of water or particulate contamina-tion. Hold the sample container up to the ambient light sourceand view the fuel through the walls of the container, visuallyexamining for haze or lack of clarity. Check the same sampleby swirling the fuel in the sample container to produce avortex. The bottom
19、of the vortex is visually examined forparticulate matter. Record the visual clarity as clear-and-brightor not clear-and-bright. Record if particulate matter or waterwas or was not viewed at the bottom of the vortex. Measure thetemperature of the fuel to 62 C and record. Cap the container.11.2 Numeri
20、cal Rating of Free Water Using Micro-Separometer:11.2.1 Select the clear-and-bright test mode. The syringedrive mechanism travels to the UP position and the propersyringe drive speed is automatically selected.11.2.2 Prepare Fuel Sample:11.2.2.1 Remove a plunger from a new 50-mL syringe,insert a plug
21、 into the tapered bottom of the syringe, and add50 6 1 mL of fuel sample into the barrel of syringe.11.2.2.2 Insert the plunger in the syringe barrel with theloop end out. (To ensure that only the entrapped air is expelledwithout fuel loss, the syringe barrel should be cocked at a slightangle.) Inse
22、rt the plunger to the 50-mL mark on the syringebarrel. Remove the plug from the syringe and replace it with aClear and Bright coalescer.11.2.3 Prepare for Coalescing/Filter ProcessPlace theentire syringe assembly into the syringe drive mechanism.Electrically bond the coalescer/filter to the instrume
23、nt by usingthe ground lead provided. Insert the end with the banana pluginto the receptacle located left of the syringe drive mechanismAB CDEFFIG. 3 Test Supplies and AccessoryD4860 134and attach the alligator clip to one of the coalescer/filter fins.Position a waste container beneath the coalescer/
24、filter (see7.2.4) to collect the unwanted portion of the processed fuelsample during the coalescing/filtering period of the test (Fig.4). (WarningClear and Bright coalescer/filters should beelectrically bonded to the Micro-Separometer to preventbuildup of an electrostatic charge that could result in
25、 ignition offlammable test fluids (Fig. 4).)11.2.4 Initiate the Coalescing/Filtering Process:11.2.4.1 Depress the START push button which initiates theautomatic program (see Table 1). The automatic program is aseries of timed events controlled by the instrument that beginswith the syringe drive mech
26、anism forcing the fuel through thecoalescer/filter.11.2.4.2 Disregard the first 5 mL of expended fuel and,using a new vial, collect the next 15 mL of fuel sample beingprocessed from the coalescer/filter (Fig. 5). To lessen theamount of air introduced into the fuel during this operation,position the
27、vial at a slight angle and allow the fuel to flowdown the inner surface.11.2.4.3 Wipe the outside of the vial with a clean, lintlesswiper to remove fingerprints and fuel. Place the sample vialinto the turbidimeter well aligning the marks on the vial withthose on the control panel in front of the wel
28、l.11.2.5 Adjust the meter to the 100 reference level.11.2.5.1 A short 4-s tone sounds followed by the meteractivating for 10 s. During this period, the meter is adjusted tothe 100 reference level by depressing the appropriate arrowpush buttons. At the end of the 10-s period, the meter willdeactivate
29、 for 30 s. Once the meter deactivates, furtheradjustment of the meter from this point on through the end ofthe test is not possible.11.2.6 Perform Measurement:11.2.6.1 Remove the vial from the turbidimeter well anddiscard the sample. Half fill the vial with fresh fuel sample thathas not been process
30、ed (filtered).11.2.6.2 Wipe the outside of the vial with a clean, lintlesswiper to remove fingerprints and fuel. Place the sample vialinto the turbidimeter well aligning the marks on the vial withthose on the control panel in front of the well.11.2.7 Read the MSEPC free water; Micro-Separometer; mid
31、dle distillate fuels; MSEPC par-ticulate contaminationANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. WARNING STATEMENTA1.1 Flammable Liquid (general)A1.1.1 Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame.Keep container closed.Use only with adequate ventilation.Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor or spray mist.Avoid pro
32、longed or repeated contact with skin.Spillage and fire instructions will depend on nature of liquid.SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.14 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D4860 08) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Revised Section 3, Te
33、rminology.(2) Added 7.5 for a temperature measuring device.(3) Made minor wording changes in 8.1, 8.2.4, 10.2, 11.1.1,and 12.1.D4860 136ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this stan
34、dard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
35、if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, w
36、hich you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959
37、,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4860 137
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