1、Designation: D4860 14Standard Test Method forFree Water and Particulate Contamination in MiddleDistillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Numerical Rating)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4860; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers a rapid, portable means for fieldand laboratory use to in
3、spect visually for particulate matter andnumerically rate free water in aviation turbine and distillatefuels.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety conc
4、erns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specificwarning statements, see 11.2.3 and Annex A1.2. Referenced Documents2.
5、1 ASTM Standards:2D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products(ASTM Color Scale)D1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in LiquidPetroleum Products by Karl Fischer ReagentD2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in AviationFuel by Line SamplingD2709 Test Method for Water and Sedi
6、ment in MiddleDistillate Fuels by CentrifugeD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 clear-and-bright (also termed clean-a
7、nd-bright),nacondition in which the fuel contains no visible water drops orparticulates and is free of haze or cloudiness.3.1.2 free water, nwater in excess of that soluble in thefuel at the temperature of the test and appearing in the fuel asa haze, cloudiness, droplets, or water layer.3.1.3 solid
8、particulate, nin liquid fuels, small solid orsemi-solid particles, sometimes referred to as silt or sediment,present in fuel.3.1.3.1 DiscussionSome examples of solid particulatesare air-blown dust, corrosion by-products, internal protective-coating deterioration, and products of fuel degradation and
9、microbial growth.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Micro-Separometer3clear-and-bright (MSEPC however, in some instances the samplemay be transferred from the apparatus used to secure thesample to the sample container used in the test.NOTE 4Exercise care when transferring a sam
10、ple from one containerto another to ensure the test sample is representative of the fuel source.8.2 Use the following procedure when the sample is drawndirectly into the sample container from a sampling valve:8.2.1 Be sure the sampling valve is free of loose solidcontaminants. If rust or other loose
11、 encrustations are present,remove with a cloth; then flush the sampling valve beforetaking the actual sample.8.2.2 Rinse a clean sample container thoroughly with thefuel being sampled.8.2.3 Draw approximately 700 mL of fuel into the samplecontainer (at least34 full) as rapidly as possible. Use a ful
12、l flushrather than permitting the fuel sample to trickle out.8.2.4 A lid shall be placed on the container to prevent waterabsorption or loss from the sample to the ambient environment,especially if the test is performed under different environmen-tal conditions than those of the sample site or at a
13、later time.9. Preparation of Apparatus9.1 Locate the Micro-Separometer on a clean workbench inan area in which the temperature is within the operating limitsof the instrument, 0 C to 50 C.9.2 Open the case and remove the six-pack box from the lid.Raise the right panel until completely vertical and l
14、ocked inplace. When ac power is available, connect the power cord andturn the instrument on; otherwise operate using battery power.9.3 Depress the switch (push button) marked ON.NOTE 5Flickering of the power indicator light during any portion ofa test sequence being performed when using battery powe
15、r indicates thatrecharging is necessary.9.4 Have ready a supply of syringes, syringe plugs, vials,and Clear and Bright coalescer/filters. In addition, have thecatch pan positioned under the syringe drive mechanism toaccept the spent fuel.10. Conditioning10.1 Under no circumstances is the test fuel t
16、o be prefilteredas filter media can remove the very materials, water andparticulate matter, that the test is designed to detect.10.2 The sample temperature shall not be lower than thetemperature at which the fuel will be stored and used. Too lowa storage temperature can cause a haze to form from wat
17、erpreviously in solution. When possible, perform the test with thefuel sample at a temperature representing a real-use situation.11. Procedure11.1 Visual inspection for water or particulate contamina-tion.11.1.1 Immediately upon drawing a sample for field testing,check visually for evidence of water
18、 or particulate contamina-tion. Hold the sample container up to the ambient light sourceand view the fuel through the walls of the container, visuallyexamining for haze or lack of clarity. Check the same sampleby swirling the fuel in the sample container to produce avortex. The bottom of the vortex
19、is visually examined forparticulate matter. Record the visual clarity as clear-and-brightor not clear-and-bright. Record if particulate matter or waterwas or was not viewed at the bottom of the vortex. Measure thetemperature of the fuel to 62 C and record. Cap the container.11.2 Numerical Rating of
20、Free Water Using Micro-Separometer:11.2.1 Select the clear-and-bright test mode. The syringedrive mechanism travels to the UP position and the propersyringe drive speed is automatically selected.11.2.2 Prepare Fuel Sample:11.2.2.1 Remove the plunger (Fig. 3-C) from a new 50 mLsyringe, and wipe the t
21、ip using a clean, lintless wipe to removeany sheen caused by excess lubricant. Insert a plug (Fig. 3-A)into the tapered bottom of the syringe barrel (Fig. 3-B). Add50 mL 6 1 mL of fuel sample into the barrel of the syringe.11.2.2.2 Partially insert the plunger to seal the open end ofthe syringe. Inv
22、ert the syringe (exit hole up), remove the plug,and expel the entrapped air in the syringe barrel withoutsignificant fuel loss by carefully inserting the plunger to the50 mL mark. (Use a clean wipe over the exit hole to capture thesmall amount of fuel which may be extruded as foam.) Affix anew Clear
23、 and Bright coalescer (Fig. 3-E) to the end of thesyringe barrel.ABCDEFIG. 3 Test SuppliesD4860 14411.2.3 Prepare for Coalescing/Filter ProcessPlace theentire syringe assembly into the syringe drive mechanism.Electrically bond the coalescer/filter to the instrument by usingthe ground lead provided.
24、Insert the end with the banana pluginto the receptacle located left of the syringe drive mechanismand attach the alligator clip to one of the coalescer/filter fins.Position a waste container beneath the coalescer/filter (see7.2.4) to collect the unwanted portion of the processed fuelsample during th
25、e coalescing/filtering period of the test (Fig.4). (WarningClear and Bright coalescer/filters should beelectrically bonded to the Micro-Separometer to preventbuildup of an electrostatic charge that could result in ignition offlammable test fluids (Fig. 4).)11.2.4 Initiate the Coalescing/Filtering Pr
26、ocess:11.2.4.1 Depress the START push button which initiates theautomatic program (see Table 1). The automatic program is aseries of timed events controlled by the instrument that beginswith the syringe drive mechanism forcing the fuel through thecoalescer/filter.11.2.4.2 Discard the first 35 mL of
27、expended fuel and, usinga new vial, collect the last 15 mL of fuel sample beingprocessed from the coalescer/filter (Fig. 5). To lessen theamount of air introduced into the fuel during this operation,position the vial at a slight angle and allow the fuel to flowdown the inner surface.11.2.4.3 Wipe th
28、e outside of the vial with a clean, lintlesswiper to remove fingerprints and fuel. Insert the vial into theturbidimeter well aligning the black mark on the vial at 90from the white line on the front of the turbidimeter well. Rotatethe vial until the black mark on the vial aligns with the whiteline o
29、n the front of the turbidimeter well.11.2.5 Adjust the meter to the 100 reference level.11.2.5.1 A short 4 s tone sounds followed by the meteractivating for 10 s. During this period, the meter is adjusted tothe 100 reference level by depressing the appropriate arrowpush buttons. At the end of the 10
30、 s period, the meter willdeactivate for 30 s. Once the meter deactivates, further adjust-ment of the meter from this point on through the end of the testis not possible.11.2.6 Perform Measurement:11.2.6.1 Remove the vial from the turbidimeter well anddiscard the sample. Half fill the vial with fresh
31、 fuel sample thathas not been processed (filtered).11.2.6.2 Wipe the outside of the vial with a clean, lintlesswiper to remove fingerprints and fuel. Place the sample vialinto the turbidimeter well aligning the marks on the vial withthose on the control panel in front of the well.11.2.7 Read the MSE
32、PC free water; Micro-Separometer; middle distillate fuels; MSEPC par-ticulate contaminationANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. WARNING STATEMENTA1.1 Flammable Liquid (general)A1.1.1 Keep away from heat, sparks, and open flame.Keep container closed.Use only with adequate ventilation.Avoid prolonged breat
33、hing of vapor or spray mist.Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin.Spillage and fire instructions will depend on nature of liquid.SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.14 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D4860 13) that may impact the use of th
34、is standard. (Approved Dec. 1, 2014.)(1) Subsections 11.2.2.1, 11.2.2.2, and Fig. 3 were modified toremove reference to use of the “wire aid,” and minor rewordingwas made to clarify the procedure and align with similar waterseparability methods.(2) In subsection 11.2.4.2 and Table 1, a typo is corre
35、cted; 5mL is corrected to 35 mL, so that the last 15 mL of processedsample is collected.(3) Subsection 11.2.4.3 was modified to be consistent withother water separability methods.6Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D
36、02-1268.D4860 146ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of
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