1、Designation: D4869/D4869M 16D4869/D4869M 16aStandard Specification forAsphalt-Saturated Organic Felt Underlayment Used in SteepSlope Roofing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4869/D4869M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers asphalt-saturated organic felt for use as an underlaymen
3、t with steep slope roofing.1.2 The objective of this specification is to provide a finished product that will lie flat and resist wrinkling, puckering, andshrinking when left exposed to the sun, rain, frost, or dew for a period of two weeks after application.1.3 The values stated in either SI units
4、or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 The following safety
5、hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification:This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices an
6、d determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D70 Test Method for Density of Semi-Solid Bituminous Materials (Pycnometer Method)D146D146/D146M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Bitumen-Saturated Felts and Woven Fabrics for Roofing
7、 andWaterproofingD1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and WaterproofingD1922 Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum MethodD6136D6136/D6136M Test Method for Kerosine Number of Unsaturated (Dry) Felt by Vacuum MethodF1087 Test Method for Linear Dimen
8、sional Stability of a Gasket Material to Moisture3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology D1079.4. Classification4.1 Asphalt-saturated felts covered by this specification are of four types:4.1.1 Type I#8 Underlayment,4.1.2 Type II#13 Unde
9、rlayment,4.1.3 Type III#20 Underlayment, and4.1.4 Type IV#26 Underlayment.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 In the process of manufacture, a single thickness of organic dry felt shall be uniformly saturated with an asphaltic saturant.5.2 The felt shall be produced principally from organic fibers. The
10、surface of the felt shall be uniform and relatively smooth.Upon splitting or tearing on the bias, the felt shall appear free of lumps or particles of foreign substances.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility
11、of Subcommittee D08.02 on SteepRoofing Products and Assemblies.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2016July 1, 2016. Published January 2016July 2016. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20152016 asD4869/D4869M 15.D4869/D4869M 16. DOI: 10.1520/D4869_D4869M-16.10.1520/D4869_D48
12、69M-16A.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended
13、 only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current v
14、ersionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Physical Requirements6.1 The material shall conform to the physical requirements in accordance wit
15、h Table 1 and the dimensions and masses inaccordance with Table 2.6.2 The finished product shall not crack nor be so sticky as to cause tearing or other damage upon being unrolled at temperaturesbetween 0 and 60C 32 and 140F.6.3 The finished product shall pass the water shower exposure test in accor
16、dance with 8.6, indicating resistance to liquid watertransmission.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 The felt shall be thoroughly and uniformly saturated, and shall show no unsaturated spots at any point upon cutting 50-mm2-in. wide strips at random across the entire sheet and splitting them
17、open for their full length.7.2 The saturated felt may be surfaced lightly on one side with talc or other finely comminuted mineral material to preventsticking in the roll.7.3 The finished material shall be free of visible external defects, such as holes, ragged or untrue edges, breaks, cracks, tears
18、,protuberances, and indentations.8. Sampling and Test Methods8.1 Sample the material in accordance with Test Method D146D146/D146M and determine the properties enumerated in thisspecification in accordance with Test Methods D146D146/D146M, D1922, D6136D6136/D6136M, and F1087 as specified below.8.2 D
19、etermine the saturation percent of the felt in accordance with Test Method D146D146/D146M, Section 19 (BituminousSaturant), and the saturating efficiency of the desaturated (dry) felt by the following method:8.2.1 Calculate the percent of asphalt saturation by dividing the mass of the asphalt satura
20、nt by the mass of the desaturated (dry)felt and multiply the result by 100.8.2.2 Determine the kerosine number of the desaturated (dry) felt in accordance with Test Method D6136D6136/D6136M.8.2.3 Calculate the saturation efficiency of the felt by dividing the percent saturation of the asphalt satura
21、ted felt by the kerosinenumber times the specific gravity of the saturant and multiply the result by 100. A suitable method for determining the specificgravity of the bitumen is Test Method D70.8.2.4 The precision and bias of this method for measuring kerosine value are as specified in Test Method D
22、6136D6136/D6136M, Section 12 (Precision and Bias).8.3 Determine the tear strength according to Test Method D1922 modified to use rectangular samples that measure 76 by 63mm 3 by 2.5 in. 6 3 %. Condition specimens at 23 6 2C 73 6 4F for at least 2 h prior to testing and conduct tests at 236 2C 73 6 4
23、F. Use an Elmendorf Tear Strength Tester with a 1600 g full scale capacity.8.4 Determine the pliability in accordance with Test Method D146D146/D146M, Section 14.8.5 Determine the loss on heating of felt in accordance with Test Method D146D146/D146M, Section 15.8.6 Determine the resistance to liquid
24、 water transmission by the following test method:8.6.1 ScopeThe purpose of this test method is to indicate the resistance of the material to transmission of liquid water andvisible deterioration by observation of the material after a water shower is impinged for 4 h on an inclined plane typical of t
25、helowest acceptable steep slope roof deck.TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsType I Type II Type III Type IVTear strength, 23 2C 73 4F min, N lbf(both cross and with direction of sheet)2.00.452.00.454.00.904.00.90Pliability at 23 2C 73 4F. Ten stripstested shall not crack when bent 90 at auniform speed ov
26、er a rounded corner ofradius in table for each type.12.7 mm0.50 in.12.7 mm0.50 in.19.1 mm0.75 in.19.1 mm0.75 in.Loss on heating at 105C 221F for 5 h max, % 6 6 6 6Liquid water transmission test Pass Pass Pass PassMD breaking strength at 23 2C 73 4F,kN/m lbf/in., min5.3 30 5.3 30 7.0 40 7.0 40CD brea
27、king strength at 23 2C 73 4F,kN/m lbf/in., min2.6 15 2.6 15 3.5 20 3.5 20Dimensional stability, max, %(MD and CD,A from Low Humidity to High Humidity)2.00 2.00 1.75 1.75AMD is Machine Direction and CD is Cross Machine Direction.D4869/D4869M 16a28.6.2 Significance and UseThis test method measures the
28、 ability of the underlayment to resist the transmission of liquid waterand visible deterioration by the action of water and, hence, function as intended. A function of underlayment is to providesecondary protection to the deck and underlying structure by shielding these components from rain water th
29、at may be driven underthe shingles by wind. Knowledge of the resistance of underlayment to liquid water transmission is important to the assessment ofits suitability for use as a secondary protective layer beneath any steep slope roofing.8.6.3 ApparatusThe water exposure tester consists of the follo
30、wing components (see Fig. 1):8.6.3.1 One Head, mounted above sink. The head should be capable of providing a heavy shower as described below.8.6.3.2 Cold, 5 to 27C 40 to 80F, Tap Water supply to the shower and appropriate sink and drain to collect water run off.8.6.3.3 Stopwatch, 20-L 5-gal pail, an
31、d volumetric measuring vessel.8.6.3.4 Plywood, 38-in., 380 by 760 mm 15 by 30 in., for test specimen support.8.6.4 Procedure:TABLE 2 Dimensions and MassesType I Type II Type III Type IVWidth of the roll, mm in.A 914 36 0.7 % 914 36 0.7 % 914 36 0.7 % 914 36 0.7 %Area of the roll, m2 ft 2,A min 40.13
32、 432 40.13 432 20.07 216 20.07 216Net mass of saturated felt, g/m2lb/100 ft2, min390 8.0 635 13.0 976 20 1270 26Net mass of saturant, g/m2lb/100 ft2, min195 4.0 293 6.0 615 12.6 732 15.0Net mass of desaturated felt, g/m2lb/100 ft2, min195 4.0 244 5.0 439 9.0 488 10.0Saturation, % by wt., min 100 120
33、 140 150Moisture, % by wt.B , min 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0Saturating efficiency, % by wt., min 75.0 70.0 70.0 70.0A Other areas and widths can be provided as agreed upon by purchaser and seller.B At time of manufacture.FIG. 1 Water Shower Exposure Test for UnderlaymentD4869/D4869M 16a38.6.4.1 Mount each sing
34、le thickness sheet specimen on a plywood board by overlapping and folding over all edges and staplingthe specimen on the back of the board. Take care to ensure that the staples do not protrude at the front surface of the plywood boardso as not to puncture the test specimen.8.6.4.2 After sample prepa
35、ration, condition the board at 21 to 27C 70 to 80F and 30 to 55 % relative humidity for 24 h beforetesting.8.6.4.3 Position the test board in the sink at a 14 incline with the shower head directly overhead and 460 mm 18 in. abovethe center of the test board. The shower should impinge an area of appr
36、oximately 250 to 300 mm 10 to 12 in. in diameter.8.6.4.4 Open the water supply to the shower head and adjust the flow regulator to provide a flow of 42 to 44 cm3/s 40 to 42gal/h. Calibrate the volume of water by collecting the shower output in a 20-L 5-gal pail for 1 min and then measure in ameasuri
37、ng vessel. Run the water shower for 4 h.8.6.4.5 At the end of the test period, shut off the water supply and wipe the surface and edges of the test board free of excessdripping water.8.6.4.6 Using a sharp knife, carefully cut the three edges of the specimen on the board to avoid accidental wetting o
38、f the backsurface of the test specimen. Then turn over the specimen and inspect for any sign of wetness on the underside. Also inspect thetop of the plywood board for wetness. Inspect the specimen for any visible signs of deterioration by the action of water.8.6.4.7 Test two specimens from each roll
39、 of product as above to determine compliance with this test requirement.8.6.5 ResultsLiquid water transmission, the lack of transmission, or evidence of visible deterioration in this test is expressedas follows:P No sign of any liquid water wetnessA on either specimen underside or topS of plywood su
40、pport or visibleS deterioration of the specimen.F Any sign of liquid water wetness onA either specimen underside or top ofI plywood support or visibleL deterioration of the specimen.8.6.6 Precision and BiasNo statement is made about either the precision or bias of this test method for measuring resi
41、stanceto liquid water transmission since the result merely states whether there is conformance to the criteria for success as specified inthe procedure.8.7 Determine the breaking strength in accordance with Test Method D146D146/D146M, Section 13 for Strength.8.8 Testing of the material for Dimension
42、al Stability shall be done in accordance with Test Method F1087 except as modifiedhere.8.8.1 Three specimens shouldshall be dried per Section 77.2 of Test Method F1087 for Dimensional Stability to Low Humidity.Record the length and width of the specimens after drying and record as the dry length dim
43、ension initial readings low-humiditylength of the specimens.8.8.2 The specimens are then tested according to Section 7.3 of Test Method F1087 for Dimensional Stability to High Humidity.Measure the samplesspecimens in the same place as previously measured for dry specimens and record as final reading
44、s.highhumidity length.8.8.3 Report the results as percent dimensional change from low humidity (dry) measurements to high humidity measurementscalculated using the following equation:8.8.3.1 Low humidity to high humidity:L%5Lh 2LlLl3100where:Ll = low humidity (dry) length of sample,Ll = low humidity
45、 length of specimen,Lh = high humidity length of sample, andLh = high humidity length of specimen, andL% = the percent change in length from low to high humidity.8.8.4 Calculate and report the average percent change in length of the three individual specimens. The change reported is thechange from l
46、ow humidity (dry) to high humidity measurements.humidity.9. Inspection9.1 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier as a part of the purchasecontract.D4869/D4869M 16a410. Rejection and Resubmittal10.1 Failure to conform to any of the requirements
47、prescribed in this specification shall constitute grounds for rejection. In caseof rejection, the seller shall have the right to reinspect the rejected material and resubmit the lot after removal of those packagesnot conforming to the requirements.11. Packaging and Marking11.1 The rolls shall be sec
48、urely wrapped or banded with material that completely encircles the roll in a manner that will preventslipping.11.2 No roll shall contain more than two pieces, and no more than 3 % of the rolls in any lot shall contain two pieces.11.3 Unless otherwise specified, each package shall be plainly marked
49、with the manufacturers name, brand name, ASTMdesignation, and type of underlayment.12. Keywords12.1 asphalt-saturated felt; roofing; steep slope; underlaymentASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such p
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