1、Designation: D4873 15D4873/D4873M 16Standard Guide forIdentification, Storage, and Handling of Geosynthetic Rollsand Samples1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4873;D4873/D4873M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case
2、 of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide provides guidelines for the identification and packaging of rolled geosynthetics
3、by the manufacturer and for thehandling and storage of geosynthetics by the end user. This guide is not to be considered as all encompassing since each projectinvolving geosynthetics presents its own challenges and special conditions. Geosynthetic samples are often taken at manufacturer,supplier, or
4、 at the job site primarily for the purpose of conformance testing and verification. These samples should be properlylabeled for identification purposes.1.2 This guide is intended to aid manufacturers, suppliers, purchasers, and users of geosynthetics for identification, handling,and storage.1.3 This
5、 guide is not applicable for factory fabricated panels due to a different set of identifications for the panel by thefabricator. For Fabricated Geomembrane Panels, refer to Guide D7865.1.4 This guide is not intended for Geosynthetic Clay Liners. For GCLs, refer to Guide D5888.1.5 This guide is also
6、applicable to geosynthetic samples.1.6 Each type of Geosynthetic is listed by section to address specific requirements.Geotextiles Section 5Geogrids Section 6Geomembrane Rolls Section 7Geonets Section 8Geocomposites Section 9Rolled Erosion Control Products Section 101.7 The values stated in either S
7、I units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values given inparentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used indepen
8、dently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety an
9、d health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for TestingD4439 Terminology for Geosynthet
10、icsD5888 Guide for Storage and Handling of Geosynthetic Clay LinersD7865 Guide for Identification, Packaging, Handling, Storage and Deployment of Fabricated Geomembrane Panels3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct
11、 responsibility of Subcommittee D35.02 on Endurance Properties.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2015Jan. 1, 2016. Published February 2015January 2016. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20092015as D4873 02 (2009).D4873 - 15. DOI: 10.1520/D4873-15.10.1520/D4873_D4873M-16.
12、2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to
13、 provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof
14、 the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1 geosynthetic, na planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or an
15、y othergeotechnical engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.3.1.2 geotextile, na permeable geosynthetic comprised solely of textiles.3.1.1 For definitions of other geosynthetic terms, refer to Terminology D4439.3.1.2 For definitions of textile ter
16、ms, refer to Terminology D123.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 core, na mandrel of cardboard, foam or other material on which geosynthetics are rolled during manufacturing tofacilitate handling.3.2.2 sample, n(1) a portion of material which is taken for testing or for record
17、purposes. (see(See also sample, lot; sample,laboratory; and specimen.) (2) a group of specimens used, or of observations made, which provide information that can be usedfor making statistical inferences about the population(s) from which the specimens are drawn.3.2.3 supplier, nthe person or organiz
18、ation from whom a geosynthetic is purchased or otherwise obtained.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe supplier is frequently the manufacturer of the geosynthetic, but need not be.Asupplier who is not the manufacturer is expectedto ensure that the responsibilities of the manufacturer are fully met.4. Significance
19、and Use4.1 For a geosynthetic to be properly used it must be adequately identified and packaged. It must be handled and stored in sucha way that its physical property values are not degraded. Failure to follow good practice may result in the unnecessary failure ofthe geosynthetic in a properly desig
20、ned application.4.2 This guide is not intended to replace project-specific storage, handling, identification, packaging, or installationrequirements or quality assurance programs.5. Procedure Geotextiles5.1 Packaging and Identification:5.1.1 Cores shall When cores are required, use those that have a
21、 crushing strength sufficient to avoid collapse or other damagein normal use.5.1.2 Cover each roll with an opaque wrapping material for protection from damage due to shipment, water, sunlight, orcontaminants while being stored or handled in accordance with this guide.5.1.3 Identify each roll with a
22、durable, gummed label, or equivalent, clearly readable on the roll packaging or on the inside ofthe core. Roll identification should include, at minimum, the name of the manufacturer or supplier, product or style number, andthe unique roll number. Identification should also include the width and len
23、gth of roll. Any other unique characteristics should beclearly identified. For rolls with no identification on the inside of the core, once the roll is unwrapped or samples taken, labels onthe outer wrap of the roll packaging should be removed and placed inside the roll for traceability. All designa
24、tions should bereadable for clear identification.NOTE 1Rolls bundled or strapped as a single unit could be regarded as a single roll for identification purposes provided all the rolls remain as a singleunit received by the end user.5.2 Receiving and Storing at the Job Site:5.2.1 While unloading or t
25、ransferring the geotextile from one location to another, prevent damage to the wrapping and to thegeotextile itself. If practicable, use fork lift trucks fitted with poles that can be inserted into the cores of rolls. Be sure that the polesare at least two thirds the length of the rolls to avoid bre
26、aking the cores and possibly damaging the geotextile. Slings may be usedto carry relatively rigid rolls provided that the slings do not cause damage to the rolls. Do not drag the rolls as damage may result.5.2.2 Geotextiles, when possible, should be stored elevated off of the ground and covered to e
27、nsure adequate protection fromthe following:5.2.2.1 Precipitation (because geotextile roll goods saturation leads to handling difficulties),5.2.2.2 Ultraviolet radiation,5.2.2.3 Undesirable chemicals for any extended period of time,5.2.2.4 Flames, including welding sparks,5.2.2.5 Temperatures in exc
28、ess of 160F (71C)71C and below 32F (0C)0C (see Note 2), and5.2.2.6 Any other environmental condition that may damage the physical property values of the geotextile.NOTE 2Geotextiles may contain enough moisture to cause them to stiffen when frozen which interferes with placement.5.3 On-Site Handling:
29、5.3.1 While transferring geotextiles from one location to another, prevent damage to the wrapping and to the geotextile itself.Follow the cautions specified in 5.2.1.D4873/D4873M 1625.3.2 Before unrolling a roll at the job site, verify its identification. While unrolling the geotextile, inspect it f
30、or damage ordefects.5.3.3 Follow all applicable site or project specifications and manufacturers recommendations for handling and installation.5.3.4 Correct any damage that occurs during storage or installation as directed by the project specifications and the engineer incharge of installation.5.4 S
31、ample Identification:5.4.1 If samples are to be taken at job site follow removal of wrap and identification of roll according to 5.1.3. Outer layer ofgeotextile should be removed before sample is taken following sampling procedures as prescribed in Practice D4354. Cut sampleaccording to specified te
32、st method(s).5.4.2 Identify each sample with a durable, gummed label, or equivalent including, at a minimum, the sample designation, thename of the manufacturer or supplier, product or style number, the lot number or roll number, or both, location sampled or projectname or project identification num
33、ber, sampled by, and date sampled. If third party is responsible for sampling, include with thename, the address and telephone number.5.4.3 Sample should be suitably packaged for shipping to prevent distortion. Sample should be packaged in suitable wrappingmaterial for protection from damage due to
34、shipping, water, sunlight, or contaminants.6. Procedure Geogrids6.1 Packaging and Identification:6.1.1 When cores are required, use those that have a crushing strength sufficient to avoid collapse or other damage in normaluse.6.1.2 As required, cover each roll with a wrapping material for protection
35、 from damage due to shipment, water, sunlight, orcontaminants while being stored or handled in accordance with this guide.6.1.3 Identify each roll with a durable, gummed label, tape, or equivalent, either clearly readable on the roll packaging, on theouter wrap when no packaging is required, or on t
36、he inside of the core. Roll identification should include, at minimum, the nameof the manufacturer or supplier, product or style number, and the unique roll number. Identification should also include the widthand length of the roll. Any other unique characteristics should be clearly identified. For
37、rolls with no identification on the insideof the core, once the roll is unwrapped or samples taken, labels on the outer wrap of the roll packaging should be removed andplaced inside the roll for traceability. All designations should be readable for clear identification.NOTE 3Rolls bundled or strappe
38、d as a single unit could be regarded as a single roll for identification purposes provided all the rolls remain as a singleunit received by the end user.6.2 Receiving and Storing at the Job Site:6.2.1 While unloading or transferring from one location to another, prevent damage to the wrapping, if re
39、quired, and to thegeogrid itself. If practicable, use fork lift trucks fitted with poles that can be inserted into the cores of rolls. Be sure that the polesare at least two thirds the length of the rolls to avoid breaking the cores and possibly damaging the geogrid. Slings may be usedto carry relat
40、ively rigid rolls provided that the slings do not cause damage to the rolls. Do not drag the rolls as damage may result.6.2.2 Geogrids, when possible, should be stored elevated off of the ground and covered to ensure adequate protection from thefollowing:6.2.2.1 Precipitation,6.2.2.2 Ultraviolet rad
41、iation,6.2.2.3 Undesirable chemicals for any extended period of time,6.2.2.4 Flames, including welding sparks,6.2.2.5 Temperatures in excess of 160F (71C)71C and below 32F (0C)0C (see Note 2), and6.2.2.6 Any other environmental condition that may damage the physical property values.6.3 On-Site Handl
42、img:6.3.1 While transferring geogrids from one location to another, prevent damage to the wrapping (if required) and to the geogriditself. Follow the cautions specified in 6.2.1.6.3.2 Before unrolling a roll at the job site, verify its identification. While unrolling the geogrid, inspect it for dama
43、ge or defects.6.3.3 Follow all applicable site or project specifications and manufacturers recommendations for handling and installation ofgeogrids.6.3.4 Correct any damage that occurs during storage or installation as directed by the project specifications and the engineer incharge of installation.
44、6.4 Sample Identification:6.4.1 If samples are to be taken at job site follow sample identification according to 6.1.3. Outer layer of geogrid should beremoved before sample is taken following sampling procedures as prescribed in Practice D4354. Cut sample according to specifiedtest method(s).D4873/
45、D4873M 1636.4.2 Identify each sample with a durable, gummed label, or equivalent including, at a minimum, the sample designation, thename of the manufacturer or supplier, product or style number, the lot number or roll number, or both, location sampled or projectname or project identification number
46、, sampled by, and date sampled. If third party is responsible for sampling, include with thename, the address and telephone number.6.4.3 Sample should be suitably packaged for shipping to prevent distortion. Sample should be packaged in suitable wrappingmaterial for protection from damage due to shi
47、pping, water, sunlight, or contaminants.7. Procedure Geomembrane Rolls7.1 Packaging and Identification:7.1.1 Cores shall have a crushing strength sufficient to avoid collapse or other damage in normal use.7.1.2 Identify each roll with a durable, gummed label, or equivalent, either clearly readable o
48、n the outer wrap or on the insideof the core. Roll identification should include, at minimum, the name of the manufacturer or supplier, product or style number, andthe unique roll number. Identification should also include the width and length of the roll. Any other unique characteristics shouldbe c
49、learly identified. For rolls with no identification on the inside of the core, once samples are taken, labels on the outer wrapshould be removed and placed inside the core for traceability. All designations should be readable for clear identification.NOTE 4Rolls bundled or strapped as a single unit could be regarded as a single roll for identification purposes provided all the rolls remain as a singleunit received by the end user.7.2 Receiving and Storing at the Job Site:7.2.1 While unloading or transferring the geomembrane roll
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