1、Designation: D4919 17Standard Guide forTesting of Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods)Packagings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4919; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 The main focus of this guide is to identify t
3、he keyinformation required for United Nations (UN) packagingcertification to ensure the selected packaging will be certifiedto the appropriate level for its intended use. This document alsoprovides guidance for locating relevant sections of the UnitedStates Department of Transportation Title 49 Code
4、 of FederalRegulations (CFR). Consult with a regulatory specialist when-ever needed.1.2 This guide is intended to assist in determining theappropriate performance tests required to certify packagingdesigns to the United States Department of Transportation Title49 Code of Federal Regulations performa
5、nce oriented packag-ing standards based on the United Nations Recommendationson the Transport of Dangerous Goods1.3 This guide covers the testing for transportation ofhazardous materials packagings for net masses not exceeding400 kg (880 lb) or capacities not exceeding 450 L (119 gal),excepting pack
6、agings for infectious substances, radioactivematerials, cylinders and other receptacles for gases.1.4 This guide does not replace domestic or internationalregulatory requirements for hazardous materials packaging butis strongly recommended to be used in conjunction with thoseregulations.1.5 The user
7、 of this guide must be trained in accordancewith the United States Department of Transportation Title 49Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR) as required by 172.700and should be familiar with other applicable hazardous mate-rials regulations such as: International Civil Aviation Organi-zation (ICAO)
8、Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport ofDangerous Goods by Air, and the International MaritimeDangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code) and carrier rules such asInternational Air Transport Association (IATA) DangerousGoods Regulations.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas sta
9、ndard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this s
10、tandard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles
11、 for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products(Reid Method)D642 Test Method for Determin
12、ing Compressive Resistanceof Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit LoadsD685 Practice for Conditioning Paper and Paper Productsfor TestingD996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con-tainersD4169 Practice for Performance Test
13、ing of Shipping Con-tainers and SystemsD4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for TestingD4359 Test Method for Determining Whether a Material Isa Liquid or a SolidD4577 Test Method for Compression Resistance of a Con-tainer Under Constant Load1This guide is unde
14、r the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D10 on Packaging andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.22 on Hazardous Materials.Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4919 03(2008)which was withdrawn Janu
15、ary 2017 and reinstated in April 2017. DOI: 10.1520/D4919-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.
16、*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization esta
17、blished in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1D4991 Test Method for Leakage Testing of Empty RigidContainers by Vacuum MethodD5276 Test Method for Dro
18、p Test of Loaded Containers byFree FallD5570 Test Method for Water Resistance of Tape andAdhesives Used as Box ClosureD7660 Guide for Conducting Internal Pressure Tests onUnited Nations (UN) PackagingsD7790 Guide for Preparation of Plastic Packagings Contain-ing Liquids for United Nations (UN) Drop
19、TestingD7887 Guide for Selection of Substitute, Non-hazardous,Liquid Filling Substances for Packagings Subjected to theUnited Nations Performance Tests2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 535 Determination of Water Absorption of Paper andBoard (Cobb Method)32.3 United Nations Document:United Nations Recommendations
20、 on the Transport of Dan-gerous Goods42.4 Regulatory Documents:International Air Transport Association (IATA) DangerousGoods Regulations5International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) TechnicalInstructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods byAir6International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
21、(IMDGCode)749 CFR United States Department of Transportation Code ofFederal Regulations Title 49, Transportation, Parts 100-19982.5 Industry Document:Industrial Steel Drum Institute (ISDI) and Reusable Indus-trial Packaging Association (RIPA) Hazardous MaterialsPackaging Testing Procedures for Steel
22、 Drums93. Terminology3.1 Reference 49 CFR, Section 171.8: Definitions andAbbreviations.3.2 Reference 49 CFR, Part 173, Subpart D: DefinitionsClassification, Packing Group Assignment and Exceptions forHazardous Materials other than Class 1 and Class 7 (forexample, definition of flammable liquid).3.3
23、Reference 49 CFR, Sections 178.503-178.523 for Non-bulk packaging standards (for example, 1A1, 1H2, 4G, etc.).3.4 Reference 49 CFR, Section 178.601(c): GeneralRequirements, Definitions.3.5 The terms hazardous materials and dangerous goods areconsidered synonymous.3.6 Reference Terminology D996.3.7 O
24、ther terms may be found in modal specific regulatorydocuments listed in 2.4.3.8 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.8.1 Packing GroupHazardous Materials are assigned toa Packing Group based on the degree of danger as follows:3.8.1.1 Packing Group ISubstances presenting great dan-ger.3.8
25、.1.2 Packing Group IISubstances presenting mediumdanger.3.8.1.3 Packing Group IIISubstances presenting minordanger.3.8.2 Performance StandardUN certified Packagings areauthorized to transport hazardous materials and are marked toa performance standard as follows:3.8.2.1 Performance Standard “X” Pack
26、agingMay beused to transport hazardous materials in Packing Groups I, II,and III.3.8.2.2 Performance Standard “Y” PackagingMay beused to transport hazardous materials in Packing Groups II andIII.3.8.2.3 Performance Standard “Z” PackagingMay onlybe used to transport hazardous materials in Packing Gro
27、up III.4. Significance and Use4.1 The UN performance tests are based on the degree ofhazard presented by the proposed hazardous material(s) to bepackaged.4.2 Substances and articles which are hazardous are as-signed to a specific packing group as defined in 3.8.1 and maybe determined by referencing
28、49 CFR 172.101 hazardousmaterials table.4.3 Only packaging designs that have been successfullytested to the UN performance standards as defined in 3.8.2 maybe marked with a UN mark. Hazardous Materials may not betransported in a packaging that does not bear the appropriateUN markings unless otherwis
29、e authorized by the applicablecompetent authority.4.4 Packages successfully tested to the UN performancestandards may or may not withstand the North Americandistribution environment. To further evaluate the suitability ofthe package it is strongly recommended that additional tests asdetailed in Prac
30、tice D4169 or other carrier specified testrequirements be conducted.5. Procedure5.1 IntroductionHazardous materials must be offered fortransportation within the United States in packagings autho-rized by U.S. DOT 49 CFR. When UN specification packagingis required for shipping hazardous materials, th
31、is packaging3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from the UN Economic Commission for Europe, InformationService, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland, http:/www.unece.org/trans/danger/d
32、anger.htm.5Available from International Air Transport Association (IATA), 800 PlaceVictoria, P.O. Box 113, Montreal, Quebec H4Z 1M1, Canada, http:/www.iata.org.6Available from International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 999 Univer-sity St., Montreal, Quebec, H3C H57, Canada, http:/www.icao.int
33、.7Available from International Marine Organization, 4 Albert Embankment,London, Ontario 5E1 7SR, Canada, http:/www.imo.org.8Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402-9371 (website: hazmat.dot.gov).9Available from the Industrial Steel Drum Instit
34、ute (ISDI), P.O. Box 790,Severna Park, MN 21146-0790. www.whysteeldrums.org; and Reusable IndustrialPackaging Association (RIPA), 51 Monroe Street Suite 812, Rockville, MD 20850,Tel. 301.577.3786, www.reusablepackaging.orgD4919 172must first be subjected to and meet the UN performancestandards as ou
35、tlined in 49 CFR. It is recommended the user ofthis document review key areas of 49 CFR to gain a betterunderstanding of the domestic requirements for package certi-fication. The following are suggested areas to review:5.1.1 49 CFR, 173.24, and 173.24a General Requirementsfor Packagings and Packages
36、This section of the regulationscontains information on the following: General applicabilityrequirements, Packagings manufactured outside the U.S.,Compatibility, Venting of Packagings, Filling Requirements,Vibration Requirements, Filling Limits, Vapor Pressure Deter-minations and other issues.5.1.2 4
37、9 CFR, 173.27 General Requirements for Transpor-tation by AircraftThis section of the regulations containsinformation on the following: Pressure capability requirementsfor packagings transporting liquids, Closure requirements, andrequirements for the use of Absorbent Materials.5.1.3 49 CFR, 178.601
38、General RequirementsThis sectionof the regulations contains information on the following:Design Qualification, Periodic Retesting, Production Testing,and Selective Testing for UN packagings.5.1.4 49 CFR, 178.602 Preparation of Packagings andPackages for TestingThis section of the regulations contain
39、sinformation on filling requirements for liquids and solidspackaging certification along with conditioning requirements.5.1.4.1 When selecting liquid fill materials for packagetesting the user of this guide should consult Guide D7887 forguidance on the selection of the proper liquid fill material fo
40、rthe test specimens.5.1.4.2 When preparing packages for testing the user of thisguide should consult Practice D4332 and Guide D7790 forguidance on package conditioning prior to testing.5.2 Use of UN Certified Packaging A UN packaging maybe used for different products under the same certificationprov
41、ided the hazardous material and packaging are compatible,the regulations authorize the use of the packaging for theintended hazardous material, and the UN packaging certifica-tion is appropriate for the intended product.5.3 Key Information for Packaging CertificationTo ensurethe selected packaging w
42、ill be certified to the appropriate levelfor its intended use the information outlined in 5.3.1 5.3.4should be obtained and carefully reviewed.5.3.1 Packaging StandardDetermine if the packagingconfiguration meets the construction and specification require-ments of one of the UN standards (for exampl
43、e, FiberboardBox, Metal Drum, Plastic Drum, etc.) listed in 49 CFR,178.504178.523. If the packaging selected does not meetthese requirements, approval may be required from the com-petent authority for UN certification (49 CFR, 178.601(h).5.3.2 Hazardous Material InformationDetermine whatproducts are
44、 to be shipped in the selected packaging. Consid-eration should be given to new or potential products to beshipped. The type of hazardous materials being shipped willdetermine the appropriate performance tests.5.3.2.1 Packing GroupPackagings must be selected basedon the hazards presented in transpor
45、tation according to therespective Packing Group assignments of the intended hazard-ous materials as defined in 3.8.1.NOTE 1If different products are intended to be shipped in the selectedpackaging, keep in mind the product presenting the greatest danger maynot be the product resulting in the highest
46、 specific gravity or heaviest grossmass (for example, a Packing Group I liquid may have a specific gravityof 1.1, and a Packing Group II liquid may have a specific gravity of 1.9).This information is important for determining the appropriate performancetests. The following sections of 49 CFR pertain
47、ing to “non-bulk fillinglimits” provides guidance for the use of UN certified packagings: 49 CFR,173.24a(b)(1), 173.24a(b)(2), and 173.24a(b)(3). Note, these sections onlyapply to single and composite packagings and not combination packag-ings.5.3.2.2 Hazardous Material Type (Liquid or Solid)Determi
48、ne if the selected packaging will be used for shippingliquid or solid hazardous materials or both (see Test MethodD4359 for determining whether a material is a liquid or solid).The UN test requirements are different for solids and liquids. Ifthe packaging is intended for shipping both liquids and so
49、lids,two separate certification tests may need to be performed.Single and composite packagings tested for liquids may beauthorized for solid materials (see 49 CFR 173.24a(b)(3).Combination packagings require separate testing for liquidsand solids. Consult the most recent revision of the hazardousmaterials regulations to determine certification requirements.5.3.2.3 Specific Gravity for LiquidsUsing product Mate-rial Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) or other acceptable methods,obtain information on the maximum specific gravity of theliquid product(s) to be ship
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