ASTM D4950-2013 Standard Classification and Specification for Automotive Service Greases《汽车保养润滑脂的标准分类和规范》.pdf

1、Designation: D4950 08D4950 13Standard Classification and Specification forAutomotive Service Greases1,2This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4950; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi

2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis specification describes current categories of lubricating greases for automotive service-fillapplications. A specific desi

3、gnation is assigned to each category. The system is open ended, that is,new designations are assigned for use with new categories as each new set of grease performancecharacteristics is defined. Grease categories are referenced by automotive manufacturers in makinglubrication recommendations and use

4、d by grease suppliers and users in identifying products forspecific applications.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This specification covers lubricating greases suitable for the periodic relubrication of chassis systems and wheel bearingsof passenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles.1.2 This specification defines

5、the requirements used to describe the properties and performance characteristics of chassis greasesand wheel bearing greases for service-fill applications.1.3 The test requirements (acceptance limits) given in this specification are, as the case may be, minimum or maximumacceptable values for valid

6、duplicate test results. NoApply no additional corrections for test precision, such as described in PracticeD3244, are to be applied inasmuch as the precision of the test methods was taken into account in the determination of therequirements.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as sta

7、ndard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4.1 ExceptionTest Method D2596 reports test results in kgf units. Until that standard is revised, Classification andSpecification D4950 will show kgf units in parentheses after the SI units for information only.2. Referenced Docume

8、nts2.1 ASTM Standards:3D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating GreaseD566 Test Method for Dropping Point of Lubricating GreaseD1264 Test Method for Determining the Water Washout Characteristics of Lubricating GreasesD1742 Test Method for Oil Separation from Lubricating Grease During St

9、orageD1743 Test Method for Determining Corrosion Preventive Properties of Lubricating GreasesD2265 Test Method for Dropping Point of Lubricating Grease Over Wide Temperature RangeD2266 Test Method for Wear Preventive Characteristics of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)D2596 Test Method for Measu

10、rement of Extreme-Pressure Properties of Lubricating Grease (Four-Ball Method)D3244 Practice for Utilization of Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsD3527 Test Method for Life Performance of Automotive Wheel Bearing GreaseD4170 Test Method for Fretting Wear Protection by Lubricating

11、 GreasesD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants1 This classification and specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.B0.04 on Automotive Greases.Current edit

12、ion approved Dec. 15, 2008June 15, 2013. Published January 2009July 2013. Originally published in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20012008 asD495001(2004)D4950 08.1. DOI: 10.1520/D4950-08.10.1520/D4950-132 This classification and specification was developed as a cooperative effort among the

13、American Society for Testing and Materials, the National Lubricating GreaseInstitute (NLGI), and the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume

14、information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequate

15、ly depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Inte

16、rnational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D4289 Test Method for Elastomer Compatibility of Lubricating Greases and FluidsD4290 Test Method for Determining the Leakage Tendencies of Automotive Wheel Bearing Grease Under AcceleratedConditionsD4693 T

17、est Method for Low-Temperature Torque of Grease-Lubricated Wheel Bearings2.2 SAE Standards:4AMS 3217A Standard Elastomer Stock-Test SlabsAMS 3217/2B Test Slabs, Acrylonitrile Butadiene (NBR-L)-Low Acrylonitrile, 65-755AMS 3217/3B Test Slabs Chloroprene (CR)-65-75SAE J310 Automotive Lubricating Greas

18、es3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lubricant, nany material interposed between two surfaces that reduces the friction or wear between them. D41753.1.2 lubricating grease, na semi-fluid to solid product of a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the th

19、ickener forms a two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by surface tension and otherphysical forces. Other ingredients imparting special properties are often included. D2173.1.3 thickener, nin lubricating grease, a substance composed of finely-divided particles dispersed in a liquid to

20、 form theproducts structure.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe thickener can be fibers (such as various metallic soaps) or plates or spheres (such as certain non-soap thickeners) which areinsoluble or, at the most, only very slightly soluble in the liquid lubricant. The general requirements are that the solid pa

21、rticles beextremely small, uniformly dispersed, and capable of forming a relatively stable, gel-like structure with the liquid lubricant. D2173.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 automotive service grease, na lubricating grease suitable for the periodic relubrication of serviceab

22、le-type, chassiscomponents or wheel bearings of passenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles and distinct from factory-fill greases (also known asinitial-fill and OEM greases) initially installed by the original equipment manufacturer.3.2.2 category, nwith respect to automotive service grease, a desig

23、nation, such as LB, GC, etc., for a given level ofperformance in standardized tests.3.2.3 chassis grease, nan automotive service grease used to lubricate ball joints, steering pivots, universal joints, and, otherlubrication points designated in the vehicle owners service guide.3.2.4 classification,

24、n with respect to automotive service grease, the systematic arrangement into categories according todiffering levels of performance.3.2.5 “G” category group, n automotive service greases of such composition, properties, and performance characteristics asto be suitable for the service lubrication of

25、those types of wheel bearings that require periodic relubrication.3.2.6 “L” category group, n automotive service greases of such composition, properties, and performance characteristics asto be suitable for the service lubrication of those types of suspension, steering, and drive-line components tha

26、t require periodicrelubrication.3.2.7 multipurpose grease, nan automotive service grease suitable for both chassis and wheel bearing lubrication.3.2.7.1 DiscussionCommercial lubricating greases other than automotive service greases are often designated as multipurpose greases.3.3 Abbreviations:3.3.1

27、 ASTMAmerican Society for Testing and Materials3.3.2 NLGINational Lubricating Grease Institute4 Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.5 With respect to elastomerAMS 3217/2A, the elastomer specification has been superseded byAMS 3217/2B. Per SAE,

28、 the elastomers are identical, however the syntheticlubricant immersion fluid used to reference the elastomer has been exchanged from ARM-200 to AMS 3021. Reference fluid AMS 3021 better represents current marketaviation fluids.D4950 1323.3.3 SAESociety of Automotive Engineers4. Performance Classifi

29、cation64.1 Automotive service greases are classified into two general groups. Those designated with an “L” prefix (chassis greases) areintended for the service lubrication of ball joints, steering pivots, universal joints, and other chassis components as designated bythe equipment manufacturer. Thos

30、e designated with a “G” prefix are intended primarily for the service lubrication of wheelbearings. These groups are further subdivided into categories with intended service applications as follows:4.1.1 LAService typical of chassis components and universal joints in passenger cars, trucks, and othe

31、r vehicles under mildduty only. Mild duty will be is encountered in vehicles operated with frequent relubrication in noncritical applications.4.1.2 LBService typical of chassis components and universal joints in passenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles under mildto severe duty. Severe duty will be

32、 is encountered in vehicles operated under conditions which maymight include prolongedrelubrication intervals, or high loads, severe vibration, exposure to water or other contaminants, etc.4.1.3 GAService typical of wheel bearings operating in passenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles under mild du

33、ty. Mild dutywill be is encountered in vehicles operated with frequent relubrication in noncritical applications.4.1.4 GBService typical of wheel bearings operating in passenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles under mild to moderate duty.Moderate duty will be is encountered in most vehicles operate

34、d under normal urban, highway, and off-highway service.4.1.5 GCService typical of wheel bearings operating in passenger cars, trucks, and other vehicles under mild to severe duty.Severe duty will be is encountered in certain vehicles operated under conditions resulting in high bearing temperatures.

35、Thisincludes vehicles operated under frequent stop-and-go service (buses, taxis, urban police cars, etc), or under severe braking service(trailer towing, heavy loading, mountain driving, etc.).5. Performance Description75.1 The performance characteristics of the several categories of automotive serv

36、ice greases are described as follows:5.1.1 LAThe grease shall satisfactorily lubricate chassis components and universal joints where frequent relubrication ispracticed (at intervals of 3200 km or 2000 miles or less for passenger cars). During its service life, the grease should resistoxidation and c

37、onsistency degradation and protect the chassis components and universal joints from corrosion and wear underlightly loaded conditions. NLGI 2 consistency greases are commonly recommended, but other grades may also be recommended.(NLGI Consistency Numbers are shown in Table X1.1 of the appendix.)5.1.

38、2 LBThe grease shall satisfactorily lubricate chassis components and universal joints at temperatures as low as40C40 C and at temperatures as high as 120C120 C over prolonged relubrication intervals (more than 3200 km or 2000miles for passenger cars). During its service life, the grease should resis

39、t oxidation and consistency degradation while protectingthe chassis components and universal joints from corrosion and wear even when aqueous contamination and heavily loadedconditions occur. NLGI 2 consistency greases are commonly recommended, but other grades may also be recommended.5.1.3 GAThe gr

40、ease shall satisfactorily lubricate wheel bearings over a limited temperature range. Many products of this typeare limited to bearing temperatures of 20(20 to 70C.70) C. No additional performance requirements are specified for thesegreases.5.1.4 GBThe grease shall satisfactorily lubricate wheel bear

41、ings over a wide temperature range. The bearing temperaturesmay range down to 40C,40 C, with frequent excursions to 120C120 C and occasional excursions to 160C.160 C. Duringits service life, the grease shall resist oxidation, evaporation, and consistency degradation while protecting the bearings fro

42、mcorrosion and wear. NLGI 2 consistency greases are commonly recommended, but NLGI 1 or 3 grades may also be recommended.5.1.5 GCThe grease shall satisfactorily lubricate wheel bearings over a wide temperature range. The bearing temperaturesmay range down to 40C,40 C, with frequent excursions to 160

43、C160 C and occasional excursions to 200C.200 C. Duringits service life, the grease shall resist oxidation, evaporation, and consistency degradation while protecting the bearings fromcorrosion and wear. NLGI No. 2 consistency greases are commonly recommended, but NLGI No. 1 or No. 3 grades may also b

44、erecommended.6. Performance Requirements76.1 The greases identified by these categories shall conform to the requirements listed in Table 1and Table 2. A guide to therequirements of all the grease categories is given in Table X1.2 of the appendix.6.2 The consistency requirements in Table 1 and Table

45、 2 cover NLGI Consistency Numbers 1 through 3 (see Table X1.1).However, because the equipment manufacturers recommendations maymight be more restrictive, it is recommended that greasecontainers display the consistency number as well as the grease category designation.6 The letter designations for th

46、e grease categories and the corresponding Performance Classification descriptions in Section 4 were developed by an ad hoc panel of theNLGI Literature Subcommittee in cooperation with ASTM D02.B0.04.02, (Subsection on) Automotive Grease Specifications. Although these designations and descriptionsof

47、the categories have been adopted in toto in this standard, the NLGI Literature Subcommittee retains jurisdiction over them as published in, “Chassis and Wheel BearingService Classification System,” available from the National Lubricating Grease Institute, 4635 Wyandotte Street, Kansas City, MO 64112

48、. It is the intention of SubcommitteeD02.B0 to include in this standard future revisions to these descriptions providing they are deemed acceptable by ASTM.7 The Performance Descriptions and Performance Requirements for the grease categories, as described in Sections 5 and 6, were developed by ASTM

49、D02.B0.04.02 incooperation with the NLGI Literature Subcommittee. ASTM Subcommittee D02.B0 retains jurisdiction over these descriptions (see Footnote 7).D4950 133TABLE 1 “L” Chassis Grease CategoriesCategory Test Property AcceptanceLimitLA D217 Consistency, worked penetration, mm/10 220340AD566 or D2265 Dropping point, C, min 80D2266 Wear protection, scar diameter, mm, max 0.9D4289 Elastomer SAE AMS 3217/3B Compatibility:Volume change, % 0 to 40Hardness change, Durometer-A points 15 to 0LB D217 Consistency, worked penet