ASTM D4956-2007e1 Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control《交通管制用反光膜的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: D 4956 07e1Standard Specification forRetroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A

2、 number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTEEditorial changes made to Section 6.12 in April 2007.1. Sc

3、ope1.1 This specification covers flexible, non-exposed glassbead lens and microprismatic, retroreflective sheeting designedfor use on traffic control signs, delineators, barricades, andother devices.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The values given in pare

4、ntheses are forinformation only.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standar

5、d to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B 209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloySheet and PlateB 209M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloySheet and Pla

6、te MetricB 449 Specification for Chromates on AluminumD 523 Test Method for Specular GlossE 284 Terminology of AppearanceE 308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects byUsing the CIE SystemE 808 Practice for Describing RetroreflectionE 810 Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection ofRetror

7、eflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar GeometryE811 Practice for Measuring Colorimetric Characteristicsof Retroreflectors Under Nighttime ConditionsE 991 Practice for Color Measurement of FluorescentSpecimens Using the One-Monochromator MethodE 1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data forOb

8、ject-Color EvaluationE 1247 Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-ColorSpecimens by SpectrophotometryE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus ColorimetryE 1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color bySpectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45:0 or 0

9、:45)GeometryE 2152 Practice for Computing the Colors of FluorescentObjects from Bispectral Photometric DataE 2153 Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Datafor Evaluation of Fluorescent ColorE 2301 Test Method for Daytime Colorimetric Properties ofFluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Mar

10、king Materi-als for High Visibility Traffic Control and Personal SafetyApplications Using 45:Normal GeometryG7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental ExposureTesting of Nonmetallic MaterialsG 147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonme-tallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering T

11、estsG 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG 152 Practice for Operating Open Flame CarbonArc LightApparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms are as described inTerminology E

12、 284 and Practice E 808.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 reboundable sheeting, nretroreflective material in-tended to be attached to flexible impact resistant plasticdevices, such as traffic drum-like channelizing devices.4. Classification4.1 Retroreflective sheeting shall co

13、nsist of a white orcolored sheeting having a smooth outer surface and thatessentially has the property of a retroreflector over its entire1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 onHighway

14、Traffic Control Materials.Current edition approved March 15, 2007. Published March 2007. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D 4956 05.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annua

15、l Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.surface. There are ten types and five classes of retroreflectivesheeting. Typ

16、es are determined by conformance to the retrore-flectance, color, and durability requirements listed in 6.1 andmay be of any construction providing that those requirementsare met. Type designation is provided as a means for differen-tiating functional performance. Typical examples of applica-tions a

17、re provided for descriptive information only and are notintended to be limitations or recommendations. Commonidentifiers for each type are listed in 4.2.4.1.1 The typical applications for the retroreflective sheet-ing addressed in this specification are:Type Typical ApplicationI Highway signing, con

18、struction-zone devices, and delineatorsII Highway signing, construction-zone devices, and delineatorsIII Highway signing, construction-zone devices, and delineatorsIV Highway signing, construction-zone devices, and delineatorsV DelineatorsVI Temporary roll-up signs, warning signs, traffic cone colla

19、rs, and postbandsVII Highway signing, construction-zone devices, and delineatorsVIII Highway signing, construction-zone devices, and delineatorsIX Highway signing, construction-zone devices, and delineatorsX Highway signing, construction-zone devices, and delineators4.2 Retroreflective sheeting shal

20、l be classified as follows(the type sequence is not indicative of performance level):4.2.1 Type IA medium-intensity retroreflective sheetingreferred to as “engineering grade” and typically enclosed lensglass-bead sheeting. Typical applications for this material arepermanent highway signing, construc

21、tion zone devices, anddelineators.4.2.2 Type IIA medium-high-intensity retroreflectivesheeting sometimes referred to as “super engineer grade” andtypically enclosed lens glass-bead sheeting. Typical applica-tions for this material are permanent highway signing, con-struction zone devices, and deline

22、ators.4.2.3 Type IIIA high-intensity retroreflective sheeting,that is typically encapsulated glass-bead retroreflective mate-rial. Typical applications for this material are permanenthighway signing, construction zone devices, and delineators.4.2.4 Type IVA high-intensity retroreflective sheeting.Th

23、is sheeting is typically an unmetallized microprismaticretroreflective element material. Typical applications for thismaterial are permanent highway signing, construction zonedevices, and delineators.4.2.5 Type VA super-high-intensity retroreflective sheet-ing. This sheeting is typically a metallize

24、d microprismaticretroreflective element material. This sheeting is typically usedfor delineators.4.2.6 Type VIAn elastomeric high-intensity retroreflectivesheeting without adhesive. This sheeting is typically a vinylmicroprismatic retroreflective material. This sheeting is typi-cally used for orange

25、 temporary roll-up warning signs, trafficcone collars, and post bands.4.2.7 Type VIIAsuper-high-intensity retroreflective sheet-ing having highest retroreflectivity characteristics at long andmedium road distances as determined by the RAvalues of Table1 at 0.1 and 0.2 observation angles. This sheeti

26、ng is typicallyan unmetallized microprismatic retroreflective element mate-rial. Typical applications for this material are permanenthighway signing, construction zone devices, and delineators.4.2.8 Type VIIIA super-high-intensity retroreflectivesheeting having highest retroreflectivity characterist

27、ics at longand medium road distances as determined by the RAvalues ofTable 2 at 0.1 and 0.2 observation angles. This sheeting istypically an unmetallized microprismatic retroreflective ele-ment material. Typical applications for this material are per-manent highway signing, construction zone devices

28、, and de-lineators.4.2.9 Type IXA very-high-intensity retroreflective sheet-ing having highest retroreflectivity characteristics at short roaddistances as determined by the RAvalues of Table 3 at 1observation angle. This sheeting is typically an unmetallizedmicroprismatic retroreflective element mat

29、erial. Typical appli-cations for this material are permanent highway signing,construction zone devices, and delineators.4.2.10 Type XA super-high intensity retroreflective sheet-ing having highest retroreflective characteristics at mediumroad distances as determined by the RAvalues ofTable 4 at 0.1a

30、nd 0.2 observation angles. This sheeting is typically anunmetallized microprismatic element material. Typical appli-cations for this material are permanent highway signing,construction zone devices, and delineators.NOTE 1All retroreflective sheetings, but especially microprismaticsheetings, may have

31、 unique performance characteristics outside of therange of the standard geometries presented in the tables that define thetypes. Certain applications may require the use of a particular productwithin a particular type in order to achieve a desired level of retroreflec-tivity in a given situation. In

32、 these cases, information concerningadditional performance characteristics must be obtained.4.3 Backing ClassesThe backing required for retroreflec-tive sheeting Types I through X shall be classified as follows:4.3.1 Class 1The adhesive backing shall be pressure-sensitive, require no heat, solvent,

33、or other preparation foradhesion to smooth, clean surfaces.TABLE 1 Type VII SheetingAObservationAngleEntranceAngleWhite Yellow Orange Green Red BlueFluorescentYellow-GreenFluorescentYellowFluorescentOrange0.1B4 1000 750 375 100 200 45 800 600 3000.1B+ 30 570 430 215 57 115 26 460 340 1700.2 4 750 56

34、0 280 75 150 34 600 450 2300.2 + 30 430 320 160 43 86 20 340 260 1300.5 4 240 180 90 24 48 11 190 145 720.5 + 30 135 100 50 14 27 6.0 110 81 41AMinimum Coefficient of Retroreflection (RA) cd/fc/ft2(cdlx1m2).BValues for 0.1 observation angles are supplementary requirements that shall apply only when

35、specified by the purchaser in the contract or order.D495607e124.3.2 Class 2The adhesive backing shall have an adhesivethat shall be activated by applying heat and pressure to thematerial. The temperature necessary to form a durable perma-nent bond shall be a minimum of 150F (66C).4.3.2.1 The Class 2

36、 material shall be repositionable undernormal shop conditions and at substrate temperatures up to100F (38C) and without damage to the material. The Class 2material may be perforated to facilitate removal of air inheat-vacuum laminators, but the perforations must be of a sizeand frequency such that t

37、hey do not cause objectionableblemishes when the sheeting is printed.4.3.3 Class 3The adhesive backing shall have a position-able low-tack pressure-sensitive adhesive that requires no heat,solvent, or other preparation for adhesion to smooth, cleansurfaces. It shall be repositionable up to a tempera

38、ture of 100F(38C) without damage to the material.4.3.4 Class 4The adhesive backing shall have a low-temperature pressure-sensitive adhesive that permits sheetingapplications at temperatures down to + 20F (7C) withoutthe aid of heat, solvent, or other preparation for adhesion tosmooth, dry, clean sur

39、faces.4.3.5 Class 5This shall be a nonadhesive backing made ofmaterial commercially used for self-supporting products suchas traffic cone collars, temporary roll-up warning signs, andpost bands.5. Ordering Information5.1 The purchaser using this specification shall include thefollowing information:5

40、.1.1 ASTM designation (D 4956),5.1.2 Classification type (see Section 4),5.1.3 Adhesive class (see 4.3),5.1.4 Daytime color (see 6.3),5.1.5 Length and width of sheets (see 8.1),5.1.6 Length and width of rolls (see 8.2),5.1.7 Supplementary information, if required by the pur-chaser, including:5.1.7.1

41、 Compliance with the minimum coefficient of ret-roreflection for 0.1 observation angle is a supplementaryrequirement which shall apply only when specified. An obser-vation angle of 0.1 may be specified where the long distanceperformance of a sheeting is to be a requirement,TABLE 2 Type VIII Sheeting

42、AObservationAngleEntranceAngleWhite Yellow Orange Green Red Blue BrownFluorescentYellow-GreenFluorescentYellowFluorescentOrange0.1B 4 1000 750 375 100 150 60 30 800 600 3000.1B+ 30 460 345 175 46 69 28 14 370 280 1350.2 4 700 525 265 70 105 42 21 560 420 2100.2 + 30 325 245 120 33 49 20 10 260 200 9

43、50.5 4 250 190 94 25 38 15 7.5 200 150 750.5 + 30 115 86 43 12 17 7 3.5 92 69 35AMinimum Coefficient of Retroreflection (RA) cd/fc/ft2(cdlx1m2).BValues for 0.1 observation angle are supplementary requirements that shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the contract or order.TABLE 3 Type

44、 IX SheetingAObservationAngleEntranceAngleWhite Yellow Orange Green Red BlueFluorescentYellow-GreenFluorescentYellowFluorescentOrange0.1B4 660 500 250 66 130 30 530 400 2000.1B+ 30 370 280 140 37 74 17 300 220 1100.2 4 380 285 145 38 76 17 300 230 1150.2 + 30 215 162 82 22 43 10 170 130 650.5 4 240

45、180 90 24 48 11 190 145 720.5 + 30 135 100 50 14 27 6.0 110 81 411.0 4 80 60 30 8.0 16 3.6 64 48 241.0 + 30 45 34 17 4.5 9.0 2.0 36 27 14AMinimum Coefficient of Retroreflection (RA) cd/fc/ft2(cdlx1m2).BValues for 0.1 observation angles are supplementary requirements that shall apply only when specif

46、ied by the purchaser in the contract or order.TABLE 4 Type X SheetingAObservationAngleEntranceAngleWhite Yellow Orange Green Red Blue Brown FluorescentYellow-GreenFluorescentYellowFluorescentOrange0.1B4 800 600 300 80 120 40 24 640 480 2400.1B+30 400 300 150 40 60 20 12 320 240 1200.2 4 560 420 210

47、56 84 28 17 450 340 1700.2 +30 280 210 105 28 42 14 8.4 220 170 840.5 4 200 150 75 20 30 10 6.0 160 120 600.5 +30 100 75 37 10 15 5.0 3.0 80 60 30AMinimum Coefficient of Retroreflection (RA) cd/fc/ft2(cdlx1m2).BValues for 0.1 observation angle are supplementary requirements that shall only apply whe

48、n specified by the purchaser in the contract or order.D495607e135.1.7.2 Fungus-resistance testing requirements (see Supple-mentary Requirement S1), and5.1.7.3 Reboundable sheeting requirements (see Supple-mentary Requirement S2),5.1.8 Indication that the sheeting is intended for work zoneuse, if app

49、licable, to determine which weathering requirementsapply, and5.1.9 Any additional information.6. Performance Requirements6.1 This is a summary of the minimum performance re-quirements for each type of retroreflective sheeting.6.1.1 Type IMinimum Coefficient of RetroreflectionTable 5; Outdoor Weathering24 months, see 6.4; DaytimeLuminance FactorTable 6; Other requirements: When sheet-ing is specified for construction work zone applications, theoutdo