ASTM D4956-2011a Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control《交通管理用反光镜片的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation:D4956091Designation: D4956 11aStandard Specification forRetroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4956; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of

2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1NOTETable 13 was editorially corrected in Decem

3、ber 2009.Balloted and approved material consistent with previous versions has been included editorially, and the year date was changed on March 30, 2011.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flexible, non-exposed glass bead lens and microprismatic, retroreflective sheeting designed for useon traffic

4、 control signs, delineators, barricades, and other devices.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The following safety

5、 hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practices

6、 and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and PlateB209M Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate (Metric)B449 Specification for Chromates on Aluminu

7、mE284 Terminology of AppearanceE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE SystemE808 Practice for Describing RetroreflectionE810 Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar GeometryE811 Practice for Measuring Colorimetric

8、Characteristics of Retroreflectors Under Nighttime ConditionsE991 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Specimens Using the One-Monochromator MethodE1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color EvaluationE1247 Practice for Detecting Fluorescence in Object-Color Specimens b

9、y SpectrophotometryE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus ColorimetryE1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45:0 or 0:45) GeometryE2152 Practice for Computing the Colors of Fluorescent Objects from Bispectral

10、Photometric DataE2153 Practice for Obtaining Bispectral Photometric Data for Evaluation of Fluorescent ColorE2301 Test Method for Daytime Colorimetric Properties of Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Marking Materials forHigh Visibility Traffic Control and Personal Safety Applications Using 45

11、:Normal GeometryG7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic MaterialsG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering T

12、estsG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG152Practice for Operating Open Flame Carbon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials 155 Practice forOperating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Ma

13、terials1This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.38 on HighwayTraffic Control Materials.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous

14、edition approved in 2007 as D4956071. DOI:10.1520/D4956-09.Current edition approved March 30, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D4956 11. DOI:10.1520/D4956-11A.2For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or cont

15、actASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have be

16、en made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official documen

17、t.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.2.2 Other StandardsISO 4892-2:2006 Plastics Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lampsISO 4892-2:2006/Amd.1:2009 Plastics Methods of exposure to laborato

18、ry light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lampsEN12899-1:2007 Fixed, vertical road traffic signs - Part 1: Fixed signs3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms are as described in Terminology E284and Practice , Practice E808, and TerminologyG113.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:

19、3.2.1 reboundable sheeting, nretroreflective material intended to be attached to flexible impact resistant plastic devices, suchas traffic drum-like channelizing devices.4. Classification4.1 Retroreflective sheeting shall consist of a white or colored sheeting having a smooth outer surface and that

20、essentially hasthe property of a retroreflector over its entire surface. There are nine types and five classes of retroreflective sheeting. Types aredetermined by conformance to the retroreflectance, color, and durability requirements listed in 6.1 and may be of any constructionproviding that those

21、requirements are met. Type designation is provided as a means for differentiating functional performance.Typical examples of applications are provided for descriptive information only and are not intended to be limitations orrecommendations. Common identifiers for each type are listed in 4.2.4.1.1 T

22、he typical applications for the retroreflective sheeting addressed in this specification are:Type Typical ApplicationI Highway signing, construction-zone devices, and delineatorsII Highway signing, construction-zone devices, and delineatorsIII Highway signing, construction-zone devices, and delineat

23、orsIV Highway signing, construction-zone devices, and delineatorsV DelineatorsVI Temporary roll-up signs, warning signs, traffic cone collars, and postbandsVII This type designation has been replaced with Type VIIIVIII Highway signing, construction-zone devices, and delineatorsIX Highway signing, co

24、nstruction-zone devices, and delineatorsX This type designation has been replaced with Type VIIIXI Highway signing, construction-zone devices, and delineators4.2 Retroreflective sheeting shall be classified as follows (the type sequence is not indicative of performance level):4.2.1 Type IAretrorefle

25、ctive sheeting referred to as “engineering grade” that is typically an enclosed lens glass-bead sheeting.Applications for this material include permanent highway signing, construction zone devices, and delineators.4.2.2 Type IIA retroreflective sheeting referred to as “super engineer grade” that is

26、typically an enclosed lens glass-beadsheeting. Applications for this material include permanent highway signing, construction zone devices, and delineators.4.2.3 Type IIIA retroreflective sheeting referred to as “high-intensity” that is typically manufactured as an encapsulatedglass-bead retroreflec

27、tive material or as an unmetalized microprismatic retroreflective element material. Applications for thismaterial include permanent highway signing, construction zone devices, and delineators.4.2.4 Type IVA retroreflective sheeting referred to as “high-intensity” that is typically an unmetalized mic

28、roprismaticretroreflective element material.Applications for this material include permanent highway signing, construction zone devices, anddelineators.4.2.5 Type VA retroreflective sheeting referred to as “super high-intensity” that is typically a metalized microprismaticretroreflective element mat

29、erial. This sheeting is typically used for delineators.4.2.6 Type VIAn elastomeric retroreflective sheeting without adhesive. This sheeting is typically a vinyl microprismaticretroreflective material. Applications include orange temporary roll-up warning signs, traffic cone collars, and post bands.4

30、.2.7 Type VIIRetroreflective sheeting materials previously classified as Type VII have been reclassified as Type VIII. Theuse of a designation as Type VII has been discontinued.4.2.8 Type VIIIAretroreflective sheeting typically manufactured as an unmetalized cube corner microprismatic retroreflectiv

31、eelement material. Applications for this material include permanent highway signing, construction zone devices, and delineators.4.2.9 Type IXA retroreflective sheeting typically manufactured as an unmetalized cube corner microprismatic retroreflectiveelement material. Applications for this material

32、include permanent highway signing, construction zone devices, and delineators.4.2.10 Type XRetroreflective sheeting materials previously classified as Type X have been reclassified as Type VIII. The useof a designation as Type X has been discontinued.4.2.11 Type XIAretroreflective sheeting typically

33、 manufactured as an unmetalized cube corner microprismatic retroreflectiveelement material. Applications for this material include permanent highway signing, construction zone devices, and delineators.NOTE 1All retroreflective sheetings, but especially microprismatic sheetings, may have unique perfo

34、rmance characteristics outside of the range ofthe standard geometries presented in the tables that define the types. Certain applications may require the use of a particular product within a particularD4956 11a2type in order to achieve a desired level of retroreflectivity in a given situation. In th

35、ese cases, information concerning additional performancecharacteristics must be obtained.4.3 Backing ClassesThe backing required for retroreflective sheeting shall be classified as follows:4.3.1 Class 1The adhesive backing shall be pressure-sensitive, require no heat, solvent, or other preparation f

36、or adhesion tosmooth, clean surfaces.4.3.2 Class 2The adhesive backing shall have an adhesive that shall be activated by applying heat and pressure to the material.The temperature necessary to form a durable permanent bond shall be a minimum of 150F (66C).4.3.2.1 The Class 2 material shall be reposi

37、tionable under normal shop conditions and at substrate temperatures up to 100F(38C) and without damage to the material. The Class 2 material may be perforated to facilitate removal of air in heat-vacuumlaminators, but the perforations must be of a size and frequency such that they do not cause objec

38、tionable blemishes when thesheeting is printed.4.3.3 Class 3The adhesive backing shall have a positionable low-tack pressure-sensitive adhesive that requires no heat,solvent, or other preparation for adhesion to smooth, clean surfaces. It shall be repositionable up to a temperature of 100F (38C)with

39、out damage to the material.4.3.4 Class 4The adhesive backing shall have a low-temperature pressure-sensitive adhesive that permits sheetingapplications at temperatures down to +20F (7C) without the aid of heat, solvent, or other preparation for adhesion to smooth,dry, clean surfaces.4.3.5 Class 5Thi

40、s shall be a nonadhesive backing made of material commercially used for self-supporting products such astraffic cone collars, temporary roll-up warning signs, and post bands.5. Ordering Information5.1 The purchaser using this specification shall include the following information:5.1.1 ASTM designati

41、on (D4956),5.1.2 Classification type (see Section 4),5.1.3 Adhesive class (see 4.3),5.1.4 Daytime color (see 6.3),5.1.5 Length and width of sheets (see 8.1),5.1.6 Length and width of rolls (see 8.2),5.1.7 Supplementary information, if required by the purchaser, including:5.1.7.1 Compliance with the

42、minimum coefficient of retroreflection for 0.1 observation angle is a supplementary requirementwhich shall apply only when specified. An observation angle of 0.1 may be specified where the long distance performance of asheeting is to be a requirement,5.1.7.2 Fungus-resistance testing requirements (s

43、ee Supplementary Requirement S1), and5.1.7.3 Reboundable sheeting requirements (see Supplementary Requirement S2),5.1.8 Indication that the sheeting is intended for work zone use, if applicable, to determine which weathering requirementsapply, and5.1.9 Any additional information.6. Performance Requi

44、rements6.1 This is a summary of the minimum performance requirements for each type of retroreflective sheeting.6.1.1 Type IMinimum Coefficient of RetroreflectionTable 1; Outdoor Weathering24 months, see 6.4; DaytimeLuminance FactorTable 2; Other requirements: When sheeting is specified for construct

45、ion work zone applications, the outdoorweathering shall be 12 months.6.1.2 Type IIMinimum Coefficient of RetroreflectionTable 3; Outdoor Weathering36 months, see 6.4; DaytimeLuminance FactorTable 2; Other requirements: When sheeting is specified for construction work zone applications, the outdoorwe

46、athering shall be 12 months.6.1.3 Type IIIMinimum Coefficient of RetroreflectionTable 4; Outdoor Weathering36 months, see 6.4; DaytimeLuminance FactorTable 2; Other requirements: When sheeting is specified for construction work zone applications, the outdoorweathering shall be 12 months.6.1.4 Type I

47、VMinimum Coefficient of RetroreflectionTable 5; Outdoor Weathering36 months, see 6.4; DaytimeLuminance FactorTable 2; Other requirements: When sheeting is specified for construction work zone applications, the outdoorweathering shall be 12 months.TABLE 1 Type I SheetingAObservationAngleEntranceAngle

48、White Yellow Orange Green Red Blue Brown0.2 4 70 50 25 9.0 14 4.0 1.00.2 + 30 30 22 7.0 3.5 6.0 1.7 0.30.5 4 30 25 13 4.5 7.5 2.0 0.30.5 + 30 15 13 4.0 2.2 3.0 0.8 0.2AMinimum Coefficient of Retroreflection (RA) cd/fc/ft2(cdlx1m2).D4956 11a36.1.5 Type VMinimum Coefficient of RetroreflectionTable 6;

49、Outdoor Weathering36 months, see 6.4; DaytimeLuminance FactorTable 2; Other requirements: When sheeting is specified for construction work zone applications, the outdoorweathering shall be 12 months.6.1.6 Type VIMinimum Coefficient of RetroreflectionTable 7; Outdoor Weathering6 months, see 6.4; DaytimeLuminance FactorTable 2.6.1.7 Type VIIRetroreflective sheeting materials previously classified as Type VII have been reclassified as Type VIII.6.1.8 Type VIIIMinimum Coefficient of RetroreflectionTable 8;