1、Designation: D 4960 06e1Standard Test Method forEvaluation of Color for Thermoplastic Traffic MarkingMaterials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4960; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEResearch report was added editorially in March 2007.1. Scope*1.1 This test method describes the instrumental determina-tion
3、 of color of thermoplastic traffic marking materials usingthe CIE tristimulus color measurement system.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,
4、 if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 7307
5、 Practice for Sampling of Thermoplastic TrafficMarking MaterialsE 179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions forMeasurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties ofMaterialsE 284 Terminology of AppearanceE 308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects byUsing the CIE SystemE 313 Practice
6、 for Calculating Yellowness and WhitenessIndices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE 1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data forObject-Color EvaluationE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus ColorimetryE 1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor
7、 and Color bySpectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45:0 or 0:45)GeometryF 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology D 883, E 284 and F 412, unless otherwise indicated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Stand
8、ard:3.2.1 thermochromism, na change in color that takesplace in the thermoplastic material with temperature changes.3.2.2 thermoplastic traffc marking material, na highlyfilled 100 % total solids highway marking material that whenheated to a molten state can be extruded or sprayed onto a roadsurface
9、 and when cooled forms a solid, durable delineator.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test specimen, representative of the material to betested, is taken from a molten sample obtained in accordancewith Practice D 7307. The thermoplastic specimen is preparedby pouring into a TFE-fluorocarbon coated pan
10、 to form a pattyof approximately 7.6 cm (3 in.) in diameter. The patty isallowed to cool to room temperature before measuring thecolor. Color measurements are made on the flat side or the topside of the thermoplastic patty.NOTE 1No significant color differences are encountered in readingthe top or
11、bottom of the patty.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a standard procedure for thedetermination of color of thermoplastic traffic marking mate-rials. This test method can be used in conjunction with various1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Painta
12、nd Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.44 on Traffic Coatings.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2006. Published January 2007 . Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 4960 - 89 (1998).2For referenced ASTM s
13、tandards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM I
14、nternational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.thermoplastic pavement marking specifications to determinecompliance of the material to said specification. This methodcan also be used by manufacturers of these materials todetermine the uniformity of
15、thermoplastic traffic markingmaterials from batch to batch.5.2 There is a slight variation in color standards andcolorimeters. This test method is only applicable when resultsare reported with information listing the instrument modeldesignation and calibration standard.6. Apparatus6.1 60 mL (2 oz.)
16、Metal Ladle.6.2 Color Measuring Instrument, conforming to all require-ments of Guide E 179, Practice E 1164, Test Method E 1347,Test Method E 1349, and Practice E 308 (bidirectional 45:0,capable of reporting data for the CIE D65/2, D6510 or C/2illuminant/observer conditions).6.3 TFE-fluorocarbon Bak
17、ing Pans or Uncoated Pint CanLids, for forming 7.6-cm (3-in.) diameter patties.7. Procedure7.1 Obtain a representative sample of the thermoplasticpavement marking material following the guidelines of Prac-tice D 7307.7.2 Prepare the thermoplastic sample obtained from step7.1. Allow the material to r
18、emain at the specified temperatureand specified time, under constant agitation, as required by thegoverning specification.7.3 Remove the thermoplastic sample using a 60-mL (2 oz.)ladle and pour the thermoplastic sample into a clean, TFE-fluorocarbon-lined pan, to form a 7.6-cm (3-in.) diameter patty
19、If a TFE-fluorocarbon pan is not available, pour the sample intoan uncoated pint tin lid to form a 3-in. diameter patty. If thesample is to be taken from a sample not under constantagitation the sample should be stirred vigorously for at least 10s prior to removing material for preparation of the t
20、estspecimen to prevent settling of the components and to providea smooth homogeneous surface for color measurement.7.4 Allow the patty to cool to room temperature for aminimum of 30 min.NOTE 2A 30 6 5-min conditioning of the patty negates the initialeffects of thermochromism.7.5 Select the largest p
21、ort available and calibrate the color-measuring instrument with a white calibration color standardaccording to the instructions supplied by the manufacturer.7.6 Remove the patty from the TFE-fluorocarbon pan andread the color measurement values from the flat smooth side. Ifa pint tin lid is used the
22、n read the top of the patty. Withoutremoving the patty from the sample port immediately takethree readings. For a normal color measurement, record theaverage of two (2) each Y, x, and y readings with a 90 degreerotation between each reading.7.6.1 If there is any evidence of thermochromism (measure-m
23、ents changing with sample orientation), record the average of4 readings with a 90 degree rotation between each reading.8. Report38.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 The formula code, batch number, formula type, andcolor for each patty read,8.1.2 The type of color measuring instrument used and
24、 theidentification of the white color calibration standard, and8.1.3 The exact cooling period and CIE Y, x and y colorvalues (D65/2, D6510 or C/2 illuminant/observer condi-tions) for each sample.8.1.4 For white thermoplastic materials, users may find itbeneficial to report Whiteness Index in accorda
25、nce with Prac-tice E 313 in comparing lots for internal QA purposes. Simi-larly, for yellow thermoplastic materials, Yellowness Index inaccordance with Practice E 313 can be used to quantify smallyellowness differences in lots. These metrics can be calculatedfrom the same color measurement as used t
26、o report Y, x, yvalues for the thermoplastic color.9. Precision and Bias49.1 The precision of this test method is based on anInterlaboratory study of Test Method D 4960 - 89 conducted in2005. Each of nine laboratories tested four different materials.Each “test result” was an individual observation o
27、f a colorproperty. Participating laboratories obtained three replicate testresults for each material and property combination. See Tables1-3.9.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo test results obtained within onelaboratory shall be judged not equivalent if they differ by morethan the “r” value for that materials; “
28、r” is the intervalrepresenting the critical difference between two test results forthe same material, obtained by the same operator using thesame equipment on the same day in the same laboratory.9.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo test results should be judgednot equivalent if they differ by more than the “R”
29、value for thatmaterial; “R” is the interval representing the difference be-tween two test results for the same material, obtained bydifferent operators using different equipment in different labo-ratories.3This method allows for reporting of color values for several CIE illuminant/observer combinati
30、ons in order to facilitate color communication. For directcomparison of color values color scale, illuminant, standard observer, instrumentgeometry and standardization, sample preparation and presentation must be thesame.4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe o
31、btained by requesting Research Report RR: D011136.TABLE 1 CIE YSieve Size AverageRepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitx Sr SR r RMaterial A 81.5211 0.0985 1.1272 0.2757 3.1563Material B 78.6059 0.1365 1.4383 0.3821 4.3073Material C 54.05
32、63 0.1334 0.8587 0.3735 2.4044Material D 47.3507 0.0743 0.4720 0.2081 1.3217D496006e129.1.3 Any judgment in accordance with these two state-ments would have an approximate 95 % probability of beingcorrect.9.2 BiasAt the time of the study, there was no acceptedreference material suitable for determin
33、ing the bias for this testmethod, therefore no statement on bias is being made.9.3 The precision and bias statements were determinedthrough statistical examination of 48 test results, from a total ofnine laboratories, analyzing four materials.10. Keywords10.1 accepted reference value; accuracy; bias
34、 color mea-surement.; interlaboratory study; precision; precision condi-tions; repeatability; reproducibility; standard deviation; ther-moplastic traffic markingSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 4960 - 89 (1998) t
35、hat may impact the use of this standard. (Approved November 15, 2006.)(1) Numerous editorial changes were made throughout the testmethod to make the statements clearer.(2) Four ASTM standards were added to Referenced Docu-ments.(3) Amajority of the apparatus cited in Section 6.Apparatus ofthe previo
36、us edition was removed as it pertained to details onsample preparation.(4) Detailed instructions on sample preparation were removedand replaced with a new standard.(5) The Precision and Bias section was revised to includeinformation on the recent round-robin study which developedthe needed precision
37、 statements.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such
38、 rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additi
39、onal standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the
40、ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the a
41、boveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 2 CIE xSieve Size AverageRepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitx Sr SR r RMaterial A 0.311304 0.00054
42、7 0.001242 0.001532 0.003477Material B 0.318659 0.000549 0.000954 0.001536 0.002670Material C 0.491804 0.000463 0.001885 0.001296 0.005278Material D 0.497219 0.000385 0.001385 0.001078 0.003878TABLE 3 CIE ySieve Size AverageRepeatabilityStandardDeviationReproducibilityStandardDeviationRepeatabilityLimitReproducibilityLimitx Sr SR r RMaterial A 0.330322 0.002556 0.005478 0.007156 0.015338Material B 0.337504 0.002493 0.004929 0.006979 0.013800Material C 0.463115 0.001074 0.003177 0.003007 0.008895Material D 0.460333 0.001096 0.002286 0.003068 0.006400D496006e13
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