ASTM D4976-2006 Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials《聚乙烯塑料模制材料和挤压材料的标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: D 4976 06Standard Specification forPolyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4976; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi

2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThis specification is not intended for the se

3、lection of materials, but only as a means to call outplastic materials to be used for the manufacture of parts. The selection of these materials is to be madeby personnel with expertise in the plastics field where the environment, inherent properties of thematerials, performance of the parts, part d

4、esign, manufacturing process, and economics areconsidered. This specification does not specify the source of the resin to be used for the fabricationof any given article.1. Scope*1.1 This specification provides for the identification ofpolyethylene plastics molding and extrusion materials in sucha m

5、anner that the supplier and the user can agree on theacceptability of different commercial lots or shipments. Thetests involved in this specification are intended to provideinformation for identifying materials in accordance with thegroups, classes, and grades covered. It is not the function ofthis

6、specification to provide specific engineering data fordesign purposes.1.2 Other requirements may be necessary to identify par-ticular characteristics important to specialized applications.These shall be agreed upon between the user and the supplier,by using the suffixes given in Section 1.3.1.3 Ethy

7、lene plastic materials, being thermoplastic, arereprocessable and recyclable (see Note 1). This specificationallows for the use of those ethylene plastic materials, providedthat any specific requirements as governed by the producer andthe end user are met.NOTE 1See Guide D 5033 for information and d

8、efinitions related torecycled plastics.1.4 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the testmethod portion only, Section 12, of this specification. Thisstandard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated

9、with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.1.6 For information regarding plastic pipe materials seeSpecification D 3350. For information regarding wire

10、andcable materials, see Specification D 1248. For information onpolyethylenes with densities below 0.910 g/cm3, see Classifi-cation D 5593.NOTE 2There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating

11、MaterialsD 568 Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent andTime of Burning of Flexible Plastics in a Vertical Position3D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 635 Test Method for Rate of Burning and/or Extent andTime of Burning of Plastics in a Horizontal PositionD 638 Test Method

12、 for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1238 Test

13、 Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2006. Published November 2006. Originallyapproved in 1995. L

14、ast previous edition approved in 2004 as D 4976 - 04.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdra

15、wn.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.by Extrusion PlastometerD 1248 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics ExtrusionMaterials for Wire and CableD 1505 T

16、est Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD 1531 Test Methods for Relative Permittivity (DielectricConstant) and Dissipation Factor by Fluid DisplacementProceduresD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 1693 Test Method for Environmental Stress-Crackin

17、g ofEthylene PlasticsD 1898 Practice for Sampling of Plastics3D 2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outdoor ApplicationsD 2839 Practice for Use of a Melt Index Strand for Deter-mining Density of PolyethyleneD 2951 Test Method for Resistance of Types III and IVPolyethylene

18、Plastics to Thermal Stress-Cracking3D 3350 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe andFittings MaterialsD 3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-rialsD 4703 Practice for Compression Molding ThermoplasticMaterials into Test Specime

19、ns, Plaques, or SheetsD 4883 Test Method for Density of Polyethylene by theUltrasound TechniqueD 5033 Guide for Development of ASTM Standards Relat-ing to Recycling and Use of Recycled PlasticsD 5593 Classification for Thermoplastic ElastomersOlefinic (TEO)3E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits

20、in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsF 1473 Test Method for Notch Tensile Test to Measure theResistance to Slow Crack Growth of Polyethylene Pipesand ResinsG23 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materi

21、als (Discontinued 2001)3G53 Practice for Operating Light-and Water-Exposure Ap-paratus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001)32.2 Military Standard:MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspec-tion by Attributes42.3 DOT Standard:Federal M

22、otor Vehicle Safety Standard 302, Flammabilityof Interior Materials53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of technical terms pertain-ing to plastics used in this specification, see TerminologyD 883 and Terminology D 1600.3.2 Historical usage and user group conventions have re-sulted in incons

23、istent terminology used to categorize anddescribe polyethylene resins and compounds. The followingterminology is in use in ASTM specifications pertaining topolyethylene:3.2.1 Specification D 1248:3.2.1.1 Type (I, II, III, IV) = density ranges (same, respec-tively, as Classes 1, 2, 3, and 4 in Specif

24、ication D 4976).3.2.1.2 Class (A, B, C, D) = composition and use.3.2.1.3 Category (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) = melt index ranges (same asGrade in Specification D 4976).3.2.1.4 Grade (E, J, D, or W followed by one or two digits)= specific requirements from tables.3.2.2 Specification D 3350:3.2.2.1 Type (I, II,

25、III) = density ranges (same as Types I, II,and III in Specification D 1248 and Classes 1, 2, and 3 inSpecification D 4976).3.2.2.2 Class = a line callout system consisting of “PE”followed by six cell numbers from Table 1 plus a letter (A, B,C, D, E) denoting color and UV stabilizer.3.2.2.3 Grade = s

26、implified line callout system using “PE”followed by density and slow crack growth cell numbers fromTable 1.3.2.3 Specification D 4976:3.2.3.1 Group (1, 2) = branched or linear polyethylene.3.2.3.2 Class (1, 2, 3, 4) = density ranges (same, respec-tively, as Types I, II, III, and IV in Specification

27、D 1248).3.2.3.3 Grade (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) = melt index ranges (same asCategory in Specification D 1248).4. Classification4.1 Unreinforced polyethylene plastic materials are classi-fied into groups in accordance with molecular structure. Thesegroups are subdivided into classes and grades as shown inTable

28、 PE (Basic Property Table).4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.5Available from United States Department of Transportation, National HighwayTraffic Safety Administration, Office of Public Affairs and Consum

29、er Participation,400 7th St., SW, Washington, DC 20590.D 4976 062TABLE PE Basic Requirement of Polyethylene PlasticsGroup Description Class Description GradeFlow Rate, D 1238,g/10 minTensile Stress at Yield,D 638, min, MPaNominal Strain atBreak, D 638, min, %Flexural Modulus at2 % Strain, D 790,min,

30、 MPa1 Branched 1 low density 1 25 8 70 100. . . 2 10 to 25 8 90 1250.9100.925 3 1 to 10 8.5 100 125. . . 4 0.4 to 1 9.5 300 125. . . 5 to 0.4 9.5 400 150. 0 . . . .2 medium density 1 25 8 40 200. . . 2 10 to 25 11 50 2000.9250.940 3 1 to 10 11 70 200. . . 4 0.4 to 1 11 200 250. . . 5 to 0.4 12 400 3

31、00. 0 . . . .0 . 0 . . . .2 Linear 1 low density 1 25 10 300 300. . . 2 10 to 25 10 300 3250.9100.925 3 1 to 10 10 300 350. . . 4 0.4 to 1 10 400 350. . . 5 to 0.4 12 500 400. 0 . . . .2 medium density 1 25 14 90 500. . . 2 10 to 25 14 100 5000.9250.940 3 1 to 10 14 100 550. . . 4 0.4 to 1 15 200 60

32、0. . . 5 to 0.4 19 400 600. 0 . . . .3 high density 1 25 17 10 400. . . 2 10 to 25 17 50 4000.a9400.960 3 1 to 10 18 200 450. . . 4 0.4 to 1 19 400 500. . . 5 to 0.4 20 600 600. 0 . . . .4 high density 1 25 24 10 500. . . 2 10 to 25 24 10 6000.960 3 1 to 10 25 30 800. . . 4 0.4 to 1 28 300 900. . .

33、5 to 0.4 28 400 1000. 0 . . . .0 0 . 0 . . . .Cell Table A Detail Requirements for Polyethylene PlasticsDesignation Or-der NumberPropertyCell Limits0 12345678 91 Tensile Stress at Yield, Test Method D 638, MPa, min unspecified 4 8 12 16 21 30 35 . . . specify value2 Nominal Strain at Break, Test Met

34、hod D 638, %, min unspecified 25 50 200 400 600 800 1000 . . . specify value3 Secant Flexural Modulus at 2 % Strain, D 790, MPa, min unspecified 50 100 200 400 600 800 1000 . . . specify value4 Thermal stress-crack resistance, D 2951, hours without crack-ing, minunspecified 24 48 96 168 . . . . . .

35、. . . . . . specify value5 Environmental stress-crack resistance, D 1693, min F50, h unspecified 24 48 96 168 336 672 1008 . . . specify valueCell Table B Detail Requirements for Polyethylene PlasticsDesignation Or-der NumberPropertyCell Limits0 12345678 91 Tensile Stress at Yield, D 638, MPa, min u

36、nspecified 4 8 12 16 21 30 35 . . . specify value2 Nominal Strain at Break, D 638, %, min unspecified 25 50 200 400 600 800 1000 . . . specify value3 Secant Flexural Modulus at 2 % Strain, D 790, MPa, min unspecified 50 100 200 400 600 800 1000 . . . specify value4 Thermal stress-crack resistance, D

37、 2951, hours without crack-ing, minunspecified 24 48 96 168 . . . . . . . . . . . . specify value5 Slow Crack Growth Resistance, PENT-Test Method F 1473,h,minunspecified 0.3 1 3 10 30 100 300 . . . specify valueD 4976 063NOTE 3An example of this classification system is as follows: Thedesignation PE

38、 112 would indicate PE, polyethylene as found in Termi-nology D 1600, 1 (group) branched, 1 (class) low density, 2 (grade) 25melt index.4.2 Cell Tables A or B shall be used to specify the physicalproperty requirements that shall be shown by a five-digitdesignation. The designation shall consist of t

39、he letter A andthe five digits comprising the cell numbers for the propertyrequirements in the order they appear in Cell Table A.4.2.1 Although the values listed are necessary to include therange of properties available in the existing materials, usersshould not infer that every possible combination

40、 of theproperties exist or can be obtained.NOTE 4It is recognized that some high-density polyethylene plasticsof very high molecular weight may have densities slightly less than 0.960,yet in all other respects they are characteristic of Class 4 materials.Similarly, there are other polyethylene plast

41、ics of very high molecularweight having densities slightly less than 0.941 that, in all other respects,are more characteristic of Class 2 than of Class 3 materials.NOTE 5Use the following terms in describing polyethylene plastics:Class 1 (0.910 to 0.925) = low density,Class 2 (0.925 to 0.940) = medi

42、um density,Class 3 (0.940 to 0.960) = high density,Class 4 (0.960) = high density, andWhile Class 3 has been divided into two ranges of density, (Classes 3 and4), both are still described by the term “high density.”5. Suffixes5.1 When using the call-out for the materials covered by thisspecification

43、, the following suffixes may be used for specificrequirements of the material for the application intended. Ingeneral, the suffix letter indicates the requirement needed; thefirst number (digit) indicates the test condition, and the secondnumber (digit) indicates the specimen requirement. The suf-fi

44、xes are as follows:5.1.1 E = Electrical requirements as designated by thefollowing digits:First Digit0 =To be specified by user.1 =Specimens preconditioned 40 h at 23C and 50 % relative humidity,then 14 days in distilled water at 23 6 1C.Second Digit0 =To be specified by user.1 =Volume resistivity,

45、permittivity, and dissipation factor meet propertylimits as shown as follows. These are electrical limits usually appliedto unreinforced polyethylene plastics when control of their electricalproperties is required.Electrical Properties:TestMethodsPermittivity, max D 1531 2.30Dissipation factor, max

46、D 1531 0.001Volume resistivity, minV-cmD 257 1 3 1015Water immersion stability D 1531 shall meet the dielectricconstant and dissipationfactor requirements5.1.2 F = Flammability requirements6as designated by thefollowing digits:First digit0 = To be specified by user.1 = Product is 3.05-mm thickness,

47、min.2 = Product is 1.47-mm thickness, min.3 = Product is 0.71-mm thickness, min.4 = Product is 0.38-mm thickness, min.5 = Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 302.Second Digit0 = To be specified by user.1 = When burned horizontally in accordance with Test Method D 635, a mate-rial:(a)Does not have a burnin

48、g rate exceeding 38.1 mm/min over a 76.2-mmspan for specimens of 3.05 to 12.7-mm thickness; or(b)Does not have a horizontal burning rate exceeding 76.2 mm/min over a76.2-mm span for specimens of less than 3.05-mm thickness; or(c) Ceases to burn, horizontally, before the 102-mm reference mark.2 = Whe

49、n burned vertically in accordance with Test Method D 568, the mate-rial:(a)Does not have any specimens that burn with flaming combustion formore than 30 s after two applications of the test flame:(b)Does not have a total flaming combustion time exceeding 250 s for 10flame applications for each set of five specimens;(c)Does not have any specimens that burn with flaming or glowing com-bustion up to the holder clamp;(d)Has specimens that drip flaming particles that ignite the dry absorbentsurgical cotton placed 305 mm 12 in. below the test specimen;(e)Does not have any s