1、Designation: D4989/D4989M 90a (Reapproved 2014)1Standard Test Method forApparent Viscosity (Flow) of Roofing Bitumens Using theParallel Plate Plastometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4989/D4989M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was editorially corrected in January 2014.1. Scope1.1 This
3、 test method covers the measurement of apparentviscosity of roofing bitumen by means of a parallel plateplastometer. This test method is applicable for a viscosity rangefrom 102to 109Pas 103to 1010poises. See Note 1.NOTE 1This relatively simple test method of measuring viscosity usespre-determined a
4、rbitrary shear stress levels. Since roofing bitumens arenon-Newtonian, other viscosity test methods may give different results.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefor
5、e, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard t
6、o establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD312 Specification for Asphalt Used in RoofingD450 Specification for Coal-Tar Pitch U
7、sed in Roofing,Dampproofing, and WaterproofingD2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by VacuumCapillary ViscometerD3205 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalt with Cone andPlate Viscometer (Withdrawn 2000)33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsSee definitions of viscosity given in TestMethods D2171 and D3
8、205.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is molded into a disc of specifieddimensions, heated to the selected temperature, placed betweenthe plates of the pre-heated apparatus and pressed understandard conditions for a measured time. The apparent viscos-ity is calculated from the final diameter o
9、f the pressedspecimen disc.5. Apparatus5.1 Parallel Plate PlastometerA modified form of Wil-liams plastometer as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Mass ofPlaten A is 5000 6 50 g 11.02 6 0.11 lb.5.2 Ring Molds, with an inside diameter of 25.40 6 0.01mm 1.0000 6 0.0025 in. and a height of 12.70 6 0.01 mm0.5
10、000 6 0.0025 in. cut from copper or brass tubing.5.3 Constant Temperature Oven, capable of maintaining testtemperature within 60.1C 60.2F.5.4 Scale, linearly graduated in millimetres over at least 150mm 6 in. and accurate to 60.5 mm 60.02 in.6. Sampling6.1 Sample the material to be tested in accorda
11、nce withPractice D140.7. Test Specimens7.1 Prepare two molds by coating with a pasty mixture oftalc in glycerine as a mold release agent. Coat all surfaces ofeach mold by brushing or applying the paste with a finger tip.Place the rings on a brass or aluminum plate coated with therelease agent.1This
12、test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.03 onSurfacing and Bituminous Materials for Membrane Waterproofing and Built-upRoofing.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published January 2014. Originally
13、approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D4989 90a (2008).DOI: 10.1520/D4989_D4989M-90AR14E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
14、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States17.2 Bring the sample to pouring temperature by hea
15、ting inan oven for not more than 30 min. Heat the sample with careto prevent local overheating, stirring until it has becomesufficiently fluid to pour readily. Avoid incorporating airbubbles in the sample. Pour the heated sample into the ringmolds until a slight overflow is achieved.Allow to cool at
16、 roomtemperature overnight, and then cut the excess material offcleanly with a slightly heated knife or spatula. Trim the excessmaterial off not more than 1 h before testing.7.3 Just prior to testing, carefully remove each specimenfrom its mold by holding it under a stream of cool tap waterand press
17、ing the specimen from the ring with the fingers. Washthe release agent from all surfaces of the specimen in the coolwater and gently blot dry with a paper towel.7.4 Place the dry specimen between two sheets of thinplastic film (see Note 2), approximately 100 by 100 mm 4 by4 in.NOTE 2Cellophane and p
18、olyethylene films, approximately 0.01 mm2.5 mil thick, are satisfactory. Do not use TFE-fluorocarbon or nylon, orhave any lubricant present, as these will alter the results by allowing thebitumen to slip at the film interface.8. Procedure8.1 Assemble the apparatus as shown in Fig. 1 and place inan o
19、ven at the test temperature overnight prior to the test. Placethe prepared test specimen sandwich between the open platensA2 and B as shown in Fig. 3, and allow the entire assembly tostand for 10 min in the oven to bring the specimen to the testtemperature.8.2 After reaching the test temperature, lo
20、wer the upperplaten into contact with the specimen and start timing the test.Leave the load on the specimen for the desired time interval(see Table 1 for suggested intervals), depending on the bitumentype and the test temperature used. The final diameter shouldbe at least 60 mm 2.4 in.8.3 At the end
21、 of the test period, lift the upper platenimmediately and remove the specimen sandwich from theapparatus and the oven. Allow the specimen to cool on a flatsurface for at least 30 min.8.4 Measure the final diameter of the specimen disc at fivelocations chosen at random and record to the nearest 0.5 m
22、m.Record the test temperature to the nearest 0.1C 0.2F, andthe time under load in minutes.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the average final diameter of the specimendisc from the five measurements recorded.9.2 Calculate the average apparent viscosity as follows:Pas 53.60 31018td!8;Sviscosity, cps 52.08 3
23、1010td8 D(1)where:t = time interval of the test in minutes, andd = final average diameter of the specimen in inches mil-limetres (see Note 3).NOTE 3National Institute of Standards and Technology, NBS Report10950, Appendix B,4and Dienes and Klemm, Journal of AppliedPhysics.510. Report10.1 The report
24、shall include the following:10.1.1 Complete sample identification,10.1.2 Test temperature,10.1.3 Conditioning time, and10.1.4 Parallel-plate viscosity, in centipoises Pascalseconds.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Preliminary data show the following criteria shall beused for judging the acceptability of r
25、esults (95 % probability).Additional round robin data may alter these values. Theprecision for Type III bitumens has not been established.11.1.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same opera-tor using the same apparatus shall not be considered suspectunless they differ by more than 5 % of their m
26、ean.11.1.2 ReproducibilityThe results submitted by each oftwo laboratories shall not be considered suspect unless the tworesults differ by more than 20 % of their mean.12. Keywords12.1 apparent viscosity; bitumen; flow; parallel plate; plas-tometer; viscosity4Available from National Institute of Sta
27、ndards and Technology (NIST), 100Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http:/www.nist.gov.5Dienes and Klemm, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 17, 1946, p. 458.FIG. 1 Plastometer With Platens in Open and Closed PositionsD4989/D4989M 90a (2014)12NOTE 1A1, A2, B 19-mm 34 in. cold rolled st
28、eel plate, standard finish.FIG. 2 Plastometer DetailsFIG. 3 Specimen Between Sheets of Cellophane, Placed in Plas-tometer Before Lowering Weight for Start of TestD4989/D4989M 90a (2014)13ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any
29、 item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical
30、committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at
31、 a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor D
32、rive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm
33、.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 Approximate Test Time Intervals for Various Bitumen TypesBitumen Type Softening Point C FViscosity Range, Pascals, and Approximate Length of Test at Temperature Indicated25C
34、 77F 40C 104F 60C 140F1A57 to 66 135 to 150 (1 to 5) 107(1 to 5) 105(1 to 5) 103(20 h) (10 min) (10 s)2A71 to 79 160 to 175 (1 to 5) 108(1 to 5) 106(1 to 5) 104(3 days) (1 h) (1 min)3A82 to 93 180 to 200 (1 to 5) 109(5 to 10) 107(5 to 10) 105(1 week) (20 h) (15 min)4A96 to 107 205 to 225 (1 to 5) 1010(1 to 5) 109(1 to 5) 107(2 months) (1 week) (20 h)PitchB54 to 62 129 to 144 (1 to 5) 109(1 to 5) 106(1 to 5) 104(1 week) (1 h) (1 min)AAsphalt type as described in Specification D312.BCoal-tar pitch as described in Specification D450.D4989/D4989M 90a (2014)14
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