ASTM D4998-2011 Standard Test Method for Evaluating Wear Characteristics of Tractor Hydraulic Fluids《评估拖拉机液压油耐磨特性的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation:D499895 (Reapproved 2003)1Designation: D4998 11Standard Test Method forEvaluating Wear Characteristics of Tractor Hydraulic Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4998; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the

2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEWarning notes were editorially moved into the standard text in July 2003.1. Scope*1.1 This tes

3、t method is used to screen lubricants for gear wear. It is primarily applicable to tractor hydraulic fluids but may besuitable for other applications.1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units o

4、f measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulato

5、rylimitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 7 and 9.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D216Method of Test for Distillation of Natural GasolineD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D323 Test Method for Va

6、por Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)D329 Specification for Acetone Specification for AcetoneD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants2.2 Deutsches Institut fur Normung (DIN):3DIN 17210 Part 1: Tolerances for Spur Gears; Tolerances for the Deviation of Si

7、ngly Determined ValuesDIN 3962 Casehardened Steel; Material SpecificationsDIN 50150 Testing of Steel and Cast Steel Conversion Table for Vickers Hardness, Brinell Hardness, Rockwell Hardness andTensile StrengthDIN Standard51354,Mechanical51354 Mechanical Testing of Gear Oils in the FZG Gear Test Mac

8、hine3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 abrasionwear by displacement of material caused by hard particles or hard protuberances. abrasive wear, nwear dueto hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface. D41753.1.2 scoringthe formation of severe scratches in the

9、 direction of sliding.3.1.2.1DiscussionScoring may be due to local solid phase welding or to abrasion. The term scuffng is sometimes used as asynonym for scoring. scoring, nin tribology, a severe form of wear characterized by the formation of extensive grooves andscratches in the direction of slidin

10、g. D41753.1.3 scratchingthe formation of fine lines in the direction of sliding that may be due to asperities on the harder slider or tohard particles between the surface or embedded in one of them.3.1.3.1DiscussionScratching is considered less damaging than scoring or scuffing. scratches, nthe resu

11、lt of mechanicalremoval or displacement, or both, of material from a surface by the action of abrasive particles or protuberances sliding across thesurfaces. D41751This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility o

12、f Subcommittee D02.B0.03on Automotive Gear Lubricants and Fluids.Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1995 as D499895. DOI:10.1520/D4998-95R03E01.on Automotive Gear Lubricants fluid; FZG; gear systems; hydraulic fl

13、uid; lubricants; petroleum and petroleum products;transmission fluid and gear oil; wear and wear life of lubricantsANNEXES(Mandatory Information)A1. FZG GEAR OIL TEST MACHINE INFORMATIONA1.1 Ordering InformationThe FZG test machine may be ordered.5A1.1.1 Description (from DIN 51354): (from DIN 51354

14、):A1.1.1.1 FZG test machine, andA1.1.1.2 FZG gears (tooth Profile A, with faint Maag finish).A1.2 Modification to the FZG Test MachineA lowspeed drive must be added to provide an input shaft speed of (100 6 3)r/min. The low speed drive can be obtained by adding a variable-frequency speed controller

15、to the standard FZG 5.4-kW 5.4 kWmotor or a suitable speed reducer. The drive must provide a smooth and constant rotation. A suitable flexible coupling must beinstalled between the drive and the FZG test machine. See Table A1.1.A2. DIAGRAM OF FZG GEAR OIL TEST MACHINE54.D4998 114A3. DIAGRAM OF FZG G

16、EAR OIL TEST MACHINE54.A4. MANUFACTURING DATA FOR THE TEST GEARS, TOOTH PROFILE “A”A4.1 Material:Material :A4.1.1 20 MnCr 5 according to DIN 17210,17210, however, with a Brinell hardness HB 30 from (3.295 to 3.726) kPa afterblank hardening of a 10-mm 10 mm disk (that corresponds, according to DIN 50

17、150,50150, to a tensile strength of (1.127 to 1.274)kPa).A4.1.2 For reasons of strength, the negatively corrected wheels (z = 24) are to be die-forged, whereas the pinions can bemanufactured from rolled bar stock.A4.2 Heat Treatment:A4.2.1 The test gears are to be case-hardened to a case depth of (0

18、.6 to 0.8) mm, the Vickers hardness HV 10 to be 4.903 kPa.Even at the tooth tips, the case shall not show any evidence of supercarbonization in form of free cementite.Aboundary formationTABLE A1.1 Design Data of the Test Gears Tooth Profile “A”NomenclatureDimensionalValueUnitCenter distance 91.5 mmE

19、ffective face width 20 mmDiameter of pitch circlepinion 73.2 mmwheel 109.8 mmDiameter of tip circlepinion 88.7 mmwheel 112.5 mmPitch 4.575 mmNumber of teethpinion 16 .wheel 24 .Profile displacementpinion 0.8635 .wheel 0.5 .Pressure angle 20 degrees22.5 degreesWorking pressure angle 22.5 degreesCircu

20、mferential speed at pitch circle (at 100 r/min) 0.383 m/sLength of tip contactpinion 14.7 mmwheel 3.3 mmMaximum sliding speedpinion 0.257 m/swheel 0.061 m/sHertzian stress at tooth tip (under test conditions oftenth stage load and 100 r/min)pinion 199.9 kgf/mm2wheel 166.3 kgf/mm2FIG. A2.1 FZG Gear O

21、il Test MachineD4998 115free of austenite is to be obtained by double hardening.A4.2.2 Surface hardness after annealing is as follows: 60 to 62 HRC.A4.2.3 Tensile strength of the core, determined from Brinell hardness according to DIN 5015050150 is as follows: (0.980 to1.225) kPa.A4.3 Gearing Qualit

22、y:A4.3.1 Grade 5 according to DIN 3962, sheet 4.A4.3.2 Mean roughness index, Rais as follows: (0.4 to 0.6) m.A4.4 GrindingMaag cross-grinding, 154 rolling motions per minute.A4.5 Tooth CorrectionWithout tip and root recess, with lateral crown.A5. PENTANE REQUIREMENTSA5.1 The requirements for pentane

23、 are listed in Table A5.1.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SAMPLE DATA SHEETPRETEST GEAR CONDITIONPinion _Gear _PRETEST GEAR WEIGHT, mgPinion _Gear _Total (TWi) _POST-TEST GEAR WEIGHT, mgPinion _Gear _Total (TWf) _CALCULATION OF TOTAL WEIGHT CHANGE (TWC)(TWi)(TWf)=TWC_ _ = mgFIG. A3.1 Diagram o

24、f FZG Gear Oil Test MachineTABLE A5.1 Requirements of PentaneDistillation (Method D216)DistillationInitial boiling point, C, min 33.3Dry point, C, max 40.5Olefins noneIsopentane, %, max 20n-Pentane, %, min 80Reid Vapor Pressure, kPa, max, (Test Method D323) 17D4998 116POST-TEST GEAR APPEARANCE Pinio

25、n GearFor each gear, record the number ofteeth that exhibit the following:Original Grinding Marks _ _Scratches _ _Scoring _ _Scuffing _ _Total 16 24Note other surface defects, if any:SUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.B0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last

26、 issue(D499895(2003)1) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Updated units of measurement, footnotes, terminology, supplier information, and the standards title.(2) Removed obsolete references.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connec

27、tion with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsib

28、le technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful con

29、sideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100

30、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D4998 117