1、Designation: D5006 10An American National StandardStandard Test Method forMeasurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) inAviation Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5006; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 T
3、his test method covers a technique for measuring theconcentration of Diethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether (Di-EGME) in aviation fuels.Ameasured volume of fuel, extractedwith a fixed ratio of water, is tested with a suitable refracto-meter to determine the concentration of fuel system icinginhibitor (F
4、SII) in fuel. Precision estimates have been deter-mined for the DiEGME additive using specific extraction ratioswith a wide variety of fuel types. The extraction ratios are highenough that portable handheld refractometers can be used, butnot so high as to sacrifice accuracy or linearity, or both, in
5、 the0.01 to 0.25 vol % range of interest.1.2 DiEGME is fully described in Specification D4171 andin other specifications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of th
6、esafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4171 Specification for Fue
7、l System Icing InhibitorsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Specifications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 analog refractometer, na traditional-style refracto-
8、meter which visually projects a shadowline onto a scale etchedinto a glass reticle.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe scale, which is magnified by aneyepiece, displays either a direct reading of DiEGME concen-tration, as is the case with the analog HB refractometer, or maydisplay Brix units which must be convert
9、ed into DiEGMEconcentration.3.1.2 Brix refractometer, na refractometer which displaysreadings on the Brix scale.3.1.3 Brix scale, nan expression of the mathematicalrelationship between refractive index and the concentration byweight of pure sucrose in water.3.1.4 digital refractometer, nA refractome
10、ter which relieson a solid-state image sensor to measure the refractive index ofa solution, convert the refractive index reading into a particularunit of measure (percent DiEGME), and outputs the results ona digital display.3.2 Acronyms:3.2.1 DiEGMEDiethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether3.2.2 FSIIfuel sy
11、stem icing inhibitor4. Summary of Test Method4.1 In order to determine the concentration of DiEGME inaviation fuel, a measured volume of fuel is extracted with afixed ratio of water. The extraction procedure includes suffi-cient agitation and contacting time to ensure that equilibriumdistributions a
12、re attained. If using an Analog Refractometer,place several drops of water extract on the measuring surface,point it towards a light source, and take a reading on theinternal scale. The analog HB refractometer will display theactually percent volume of DiEGME on its scale. Users of aBrix refractomet
13、er will follow a similar procedure, but willhave to convert the Brix reading into DiEGME percentvolume. If the Brix refractometer is not automatically tempera-ture compensated, then a temperature correction must first beapplied to the Brix reading before converting it to percentDiEGME. If using a Di
14、gital Refractometer, place several dropsof water extract in the sample well, press a button to initiate thereading, and the percent volume of DiEGME will be displayed1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility
15、 of SubcommitteeD02.J0.04 on Additives and Electrical Properties.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2010. Published August 2010. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D500603. DOI:10.1520/D5006-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orc
16、ontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.on the LCD display.
17、 (WarningDiethylene glycol monom-ethyl ether (DiEGME), Slightly toxic material. This materialcaused slight embryo-fetal toxicity (delayed development) butno increase in birth defects in laboratory animals. Consult thesuppliers material safety data sheet.)NOTE 1Isopropanol is not detected because of
18、the similarity ofisopropanol/water refractive indices, and the presence of isopropanol infuel containing other additives results in lower than true values.5. Significance and Use5.1 DiEGME is miscible with water and can be readilyextracted from the fuel by contact with water during shippingand in st
19、orage. Methods are therefore needed to check theadditive content in the fuel to ensure proper additive concen-tration in the aircraft.5.2 This test method is applicable to analyses performed inthe field or in a laboratory.6. Apparatus6.1 RefractometerAn optical instrument used to measurethe physical
20、 properties of a solution. Refractometers suitablefor use in this test method include:6.1.1 HB Refractometer3An analog refractometer with adirect reading scale for percent DiEGME. This instrument isautomatically temperature compensated from 18 to 35C.6.1.2 Brix RefractometerAn analog refractometer w
21、ith aBrix scale which may or may not be automatically temperaturecompensated.6.1.3 MISCO Jet Fuel Refractometer (p/n JPX-DiEGME)A digital refractometer that provides a directreading of DiEGME concentration and is automatically tem-perature compensated within the range of 10 to 45C.6.1.4 Gammon HBD2
22、RefractometerAdigital refractome-ter that provides a direct reading of DiEGME concentrationand is automatically temperature compensated within the rangeof 10 to 40C.6.2 Extraction VesselAny suitable vessel of at least 200mL with provisions for isolating a small column of waterextract. Examples are s
23、eparatory funnels, (glass or plastic), orplastic dropping bottles.6.3 Measuring VesselAny vessel capable of measuring upto 160 mL of fuel to an accuracy of 6 2 mL, such as a 250-mLgraduated cylinder, or other calibrated container.6.4 Water Dispenser2.0-mL pipettes are preferred, butsyringes or buret
24、tes not exceeding 5.0-mL capacity that candispense 2.0 6 0.2 mL may be used. For the Brix refractome-ter, the pipette must measure 1.0 6 0.1 mL.6.5 ThermometerThe thermometer must have suitablerange to measure air and fuel temperature in the field.Accurateto 61C and meeting Specification E1.7. Reage
25、nts and Materials7.1 WaterDistilled or deionized water is preferred for theextraction procedure, and for refractometer calibration, butpotable water may be used.8. Refractometer Calibration8.1 All refractometers should be zero-set to water beforeuse. The exact procedure for zero-setting a refractome
26、ter variesbased on the type and make of instrument. Consult the usermanual for specific instructions on zero-setting each make ofrefractometer.8.2 The calibration step is incorporated into the procedure tominimize the effect of temperature changes between the time ofcalibration and measurement. (War
27、ningThe extraction, cali-bration, and measurement steps should be done at ambientconditions. Avoid placing the refractometer on hot or coldsurfaces, in pockets on your person, or other locations thatwould change the temperature of the instrument from ambient.When zero-setting or making a measurement
28、, take care not toheat or cool the refractometer from ambient.)8.3 For the most accurate possible readings, the refractome-ter, the calibration fluid, and the ambient temperature should allbe in equilibrium within the temperature compensation range,or the operational temperature range, of the refrac
29、tometer. Ifthere is a temperature disparity, allow some time for thetemperatures to equalize before taking a reading.9. Sample Preparation and Extraction9.1 Extraction Ratios for Both Analog and Digital Refrac-tometers with Direct Reading DiEGME Scales:9.1.1 Measure 160 mLof fuel to be tested into t
30、he extractionvessel.9.1.2 Measure 2.0 mL of water into the extraction vessel.9.2 Extraction Ratios for Analog Brix Refractometers Withor Without Automatic Temperature Compensation:9.2.1 Measure 80 mL of the fuel to be tested into theextraction vessel.9.2.2 Measure 1.0 mL of water into the extraction
31、 vessel.10. Sample Extraction10.1 Shake the extraction vessel vigorously for a minimumof 5 min for all fuels.10.2 Mechanical shakers may be used, provided that thor-ough intermixing of the aqueous and fuel phases occurs,similar to that obtained by hand shaking. (WarningFollowing the extraction proce
32、dures is most critical. Failure toextract for the specified time or failure to provide vigorousagitation can result in false readings. If lower than expectedreadings are obtained, a second test should be done with alonger extraction time.)10.3 Allow the extraction vessel to sit undisturbed at ambi-e
33、nt temperature for a period of at least 2 min to allow the waterto settle to the bottom.11. Sample Testing11.1 Measurement of Samples Using Digital Refractometerswith DiEGME Scales:11.1.1 Locate the thermometer and refractometer wherethey will remain at ambient temperature during the test.3The analo
34、g HB refractometer and the digital HB2D refractometer are availablefrom Gammon Technical Products, Inc., 2300 Hwy 34, P.O. Box 400, Manasquan,NJ 08736. The MISCO Jet Fuel Refractometer (p/n JPX-DiEGME and Brixrefractometers are available from MISCO Refractometer, 3401 Virginia Rd.,Cleveland, Ohio 44
35、122 USA. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.D5006 10211.1.2 Isolate several drops of the water extract
36、from theextraction vessel, and transfer to the sample well of the digitalrefractometer.11.1.3 If a separatory funnel is used, it may be necessary tocollect some extract into a smaller container, and then transferseveral drops to the prism face with a clean eyedropper, syringeor pipette.11.1.4 If a d
37、ropping bottle is used as an extraction vessel,place it right side up, remove the cap, squeeze slightly, andreplace the cap with the bottle under a slight vacuum. Invert thebottle and allow the water extract to settle to the bottom. Uncapthe bottle and squeeze it gently until several drops of extrac
38、tare collected on a tissue held in the same hand as therefractometer, and then allow several drops of the water extractto fall into the refractometer well.11.1.5 If using the MISCO Jet Fuel Refractometer, close theevaporation cover to help prevent evaporation of the sampleduring testing.11.1.6 Allow
39、 some time for the temperature of the refrac-tometer, fluid, and ambient environment to equalize.11.1.7 Initiate the reading by pressing the “GO” Button onthe MISCO Jet Fuel Refractometer or the “READ” Button onthe Gammon HB2D Refractometer.11.1.8 Record the ambient temperature reading displayed ont
40、he thermometer to the nearest degree Centigrade.11.1.9 Make certain that the temperature displayed on thethermometer is within the temperature compensation range ofthe refractometer.11.1.10 Record the reading on the refractometer digitaldisplay to two significant figures in volume percent DiEGME.11.
41、1.11 Take four more readings of the same sample, andaverage the results.11.1.12 Properly dispose of test fluids, wash apparatus withsoap and water, and dry all items. (WarningTreat therefractometer as an optical instrument and avoid damage to thelens and window elements. Store the refractometer in a
42、protective cover or case.)11.2 Measurement of Samples Using Analog HB or AnalogBrix Refractometers:11.2.1 Locate the thermometer and refractometer wherethey will remain at ambient temperature during the test.11.2.2 Isolate several drops of the water extract from theextraction vessel, and place on th
43、e prism face.11.2.3 If a separatory funnel is used, it may be necessary tocollect some extract into a smaller container, and then transferseveral drops to the prism face with a clean eyedropper,syringe, or pipette.11.2.4 If a dropping bottle is used as an extraction vessel,place it right side up, re
44、move the cap, squeeze slightly, andreplace the cap with the bottle under a slight vacuum. Invert thebottle and allow the water extract to settle to the bottom. Uncapthe bottle and squeeze it gently until several drops of extractare collected on a tissue held in the same hand as therefractometer, and
45、 then allow several drops of the water extractto fall onto the prism face.11.2.5 Slowly lower the prism cover into place, point therefractometer at a light source, and look into the eyepiece.(WarningFuel entrained in the water may cause an indistinctrefractometer reading. In most cases fuel residue
46、on an analogrefractometer can be eliminated by slowly lowering the refrac-tometer cover. The surface tension of water should sweep fueloff the prism surface.)11.2.6 Take the reading at the point the shadowline inter-sects the scale.11.2.7 If using a HB refractometer, record the reading totwo signifi
47、cant figures in volume percent DiEGME.11.2.8 If using a Brix refractometer, record the Brix valueand perform the conversion calculation in 12.2.11.2.9 Record the ambient temperature to the nearest degreeCentigrade using a thermometer.11.2.10 Make certain that the temperature displayed on thethermome
48、ter is within the operational range, or the temperaturecompensation range, of the refractometer.11.2.11 Properly dispose of test fluids, wash apparatus withsoap and water, and dry all items. (WarningTreat therefractometer as an optical instrument and avoid damage to thelens and window elements. Stor
49、e the refractometer in aprotective cover or case.)12. Calculation12.1 For both analog and digital refractometers with directreading DiEGME scales, report the reading obtained to twosignificant figures as the final result in volume percent Di-EGME. If multiple determinations are made, average theresults that fall within the specified repeatability and reproduc-ibility tolerances. For rounding off of significant figures,Practice E29 shall apply.NOTE 2For analog HB refractometers produced prior to July 2003that have both an EGME and DiEGME scale on the reti
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