1、Designation: D 5024 07Standard Test Method forPlastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Compression1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5024; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanicalinstrumentation for determining and reporting the viscoelasticproperti
3、es of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins as well ascomposite systems in the form of cylindrical specimensmolded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes.The compression data generated may be used to identify thethermomechanical properties of a plastics material or compo-sition using
4、 a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means fordetermining the thermomechanical properties (as a function ofa number of viscoelastic variables) for a wide variety of plasticmaterials using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques asoutlined in Pra
5、ctice D 4065. Plots of the elastic (storage)modulus, loss (viscous) modulus, complex modulus, and tandelta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature areindicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanicalperformance of the polymeric material system.1.3 This test method is valid for a
6、 wide range of frequencies,typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtainedunder differing experimental conditions. These apparent differ-ences from results observed in another study can usually bereconciled, without changing the observed data, by reporting infu
7、ll (as described in this test method) the conditions underwhich the data were obtained.1.5 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the datagenerated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarilyabsolute property values.1.6 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant andappropriat
8、e for use in engineering design.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user o
9、f this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 4000 Cla
10、ssification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-rialsD 4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Proper-ties: Determination and Report of ProceduresD 4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic MechanicalProperties3. Terminology3.1 Definitions: For definitions applicable to this testmethod refer to T
11、erminology Standard D 4092.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method covers the determination of the com-pressive modulus of both solid and cellular plastics usingdynamic mechanical techniques. A test specimen of cylindricalcross section is tested in dynamic compression. The specimenmay be secur
12、ed using appropriate grip fixtures or simplypositioned between two parallel, flat plates or disks. Thespecimen of known geometry is placed in mechanical, lineardisplacement at fixed frequencies and at either isothermalconditions or with a linear temperature variation. The elasticmoduli or loss modul
13、i, or both, of the polymeric materialsystem are measured in compression.NOTE 2The particular method for measurement of the elastic and lossmoduli and tan delta depends upon the individual instruments operatingprinciples.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a simple means of character
14、-izing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositionsusing very small amounts of material. The data obtained can beused for quality control and/or research and developmentpurposes. For some classes of materials, such as thermosets, itcan also be used to establish optimum processing conditions
15、.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved March 15, 2007. Published April 2007. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5024 -
16、 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this
17、 standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitivemethod for determining thermomechanical characteristics bymeasuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function offrequency, te
18、mperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan deltaof a material versus these variables provide graphical repre-sentation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness ofcure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior underspecified conditions.5.3 This test method can be used to assess:5.
19、3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature,5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency,5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orien-tation,5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cureand damping,5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabri-cation) on elastic mod
20、ulus, and,5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives which mightaffect processability or performance.5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, referenceshould be made to the specification of the material being tested.Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, ortesting parameters, o
21、r combination thereof, covered in therelevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedenceover those mentioned in this test method. If there are norelevant ASTM material specifications, then the default condi-tions apply.6. Interferences6.1 Since small test specimen geometries are used, it ise
22、ssential that the specimens be representative of the materialbeing tested.7. Apparatus7.1 The function of the apparatus is to maintain a cylindricaltest specimen of a polymeric material system so that thematerial acts as the elastic and dissipative element in amechanically driven linear-displacement
23、 system. These dy-namic mechanical instruments generally operate in a forced,constant strain amplitude testing mode at a fixed frequency.7.2 The apparatus shall consist of the following:7.2.1 Fixed MemberA fixed or essentially stationarymember carrying one flat plate, disc, or clamp.7.2.2 Movable Me
24、mberA movable member carrying asecond flat plate, disc, or clamp.7.2.3 Flat Plate or Parallel Discs and ClampsThe fix-tures are used to hold, support, and compress the test specimenbetween the fixed member and the movable member. Thesefixtures shall be mechanically aligned, that is, they shall beatt
25、ached to the fixed and movable member, respectively, insuch a manner that they will move freely into alignment assoon as any load is applied, so that the minor axis of the testspecimen will coincide with the direction of the applied loadthrough the center line of the fixture assembly.7.2.3.1 The tes
26、t specimen shall be held in such a way thatslippage relative to the flat plates is prevented as much aspossible.7.2.4 Linear Deformation (strain)A device for applying acontinuous linear deformation (strain) to the specimen. In theforce-displacement device the deformation (strain) is appliedand then
27、released (See Table I of Practice D 4065).7.2.5 DetectorsA device or devices for determining de-pendent and independent experimental parameters, such asforce (stress), deformation (strain), frequency, and temperature.Temperature should be measurable with a precision of d+ 1C, frequency to 61 %, stra
28、in to 61 %, and force to 61%.7.2.6 Temperature Controller and OvenA device for con-trolling the temperature, either by heating (in steps or ramps),cooling (in steps or ramps), maintaining a constant specimenenvironment or a combination thereof. A temperature control-ler should be sufficiently stable
29、 to permit measurement ofenvironmental chamber temperature to within 1C.7.3 Nitrogen, or other inert gas supply, for purging purposesif appropriate.8. Test Specimens8.1 The test specimens may be cut from molded shapes, ormay be molded to the desired finished dimensions. Typically,the cylindrical tes
30、t specimen is up to 25 mm (1.0 in.) indiameter by 5 mm (0.2 in.) in height (thickness). Cylindricalspecimens of other dimensions can be used but should beclearly identified in the report.9. Calibration9.1 Calibrate the instrument using procedures recommendedby the manufacturer.10. Conditioning10.1 C
31、ondition the test specimen at 23 6 2C(73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not lessthan 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A ofPractice D 618 unless otherwise specified by contract orrelevant ASTM material specification.11. Procedure11.1 Use an untested specimen for each meas
32、urement.Measure the diameter and height (thickness) of the specimen tothe nearest 0.03 mm (0.001 in.) at the center of the specimen.11.2 Compress the test specimen between the movable andstationary members.11.3 Pre-load the test specimen so that there is a positiveforce. Monitor the normal force to
33、ensure adequate pre-loading.11.4 Measure to the nearest 0.03 mm (0.001 in.) the jawseparation between the movable and stationary fixtures.11.5 Select the desired frequency (or frequencies) for dy-namic linear displacement.11.6 Select the linear displacement amplitude within thelinear elastic region
34、of the material being tested. If the linearelastic region is not known, perform a strain sweep at ambienttemperature to determine an appropriate amplitude.11.7 Temperature Sweep:11.7.1 Temperature variation should be controlled to 1 to2C/min for linear increases and 2 to 5C/min with a minimumof 3-mi
35、n thermal soak time for step increases. This will allowproper characterizing of the measured variables from the glassyregion, through the glass-transition region, up to the softeningor leathery-rubbery state.D502407211.7.2 The tan delta peak shall coincide with the dramaticchange in modulus through
36、the glass transition region.12. Calculation12.1 The equations listed in Practice D 4065 are used tocalculate the following important rheological properties mea-sured in forced, nonresonant dynamic displacement:12.1.1 Storage (elastic) modulus in compression, E8,12.1.2 Loss (viscous) modulus in compr
37、ession, E”,12.1.3 Complex modulus in compression, E*, and12.1.4 Tan delta, d*.13. Report13.1 Report the following information:13.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested, includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code, number, form, principaldimensions, and previous processing, or thermal his
38、tory, orboth.13.1.2 Description and direction of cutting and loadingspecimen, including pre-load force,13.1.3 Conditioning procedure,13.1.4 Description of the instrument used for the test,13.1.5 Description of the calibration procedure,13.1.6 Identification of the sample atmosphere by gas com-positi
39、on, purity, and rate used if appropriate,13.1.7 Diameter and height (thickness) of specimen,13.1.8 Jaw-separation distance,13.1.9 Frequency of dynamic displacement,13.1.10 Amplitude of displacement,13.1.11 Thermal gradient if appropriate,13.1.12 Number of specimens tested,13.1.13 Table of data and r
40、esults, including moduli and tandelta as a function of temperature, frequency, strain, or time (asappropriate), and13.1.14 A plot of the modulus (moduli) and tan delta as afunction of temperature (see Fig. 1), frequency, strain, or time(as appropriate).14. Precision and Bias14.1 One technician in a
41、single laboratory conducted ananalysis of the repeatability of the dynamic mechanical com-pressive properties of a plasticized (flexible) PVC homopoly-mer compound. The specimen was treated to a thermal gradientof 4C/min using a dynamic frequency of six radians/s.15. Keywords15.1 compression; dynami
42、c mechanical theological proper-ties; elastic; linear displacement; loss; storage modulus; tandelta; viscoelastic behaviorSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 5024 - 01) that may impact the use of this standard. (Marc
43、h 15, 2007)(1) Punctuation was corrected.(2) Portions were re-worded for clarification.(3) The Significance and Use subsection 5.4 was revised.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of th
44、is standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five ye
45、ars andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical commi
46、ttee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 194
47、28-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Specimen (Elastic Modulus, G, E6 Pa)Temperature A B C D E50C 3238 8512 3303 2847 263375C 2771 1159 2242 2061 1953100C 1805 1560 1578 1635 1544FIG. 1 Dynamic Mechanical Properties in Compression (AtVarying Frequencies)D5024073
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