1、Designation: D5026 06 (Reapproved 2014)1D5026 15Standard Test Method forPlastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Tension1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5026; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEReapproved with an editorial change made to 10.1 in October 2014.1. Scope*1.1 This test method outlines the use
3、of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for gathering and reporting the viscoelasticproperties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular specimens molded directlyor cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The tensile data generated may be used to ide
4、ntify the thermomechanical propertiesof a plastic material or composition using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastic materialsusing nonresonant forced-vibration techniques,
5、 in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus; loss(viscous) modulus; complex modulus and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significanttransitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material system.1.3 This tes
6、t method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differencesfrom results observed in another study can usually be reconciled, without changing the observed
7、 data, by reporting in full (asdescribed in this test method) the conditions under which the data were obtained.1.5 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absoluteproperty values.1.6 Test data obtained by this test method
8、are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the r
9、esponsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 1This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 4.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Condi
10、tioning Plastics for TestingD4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic MaterialsD4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of ProceduresD4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical PropertiesIEEE/ASTM SI-10 Practice for Use of the International
11、 System of Units (SI) (the Modernized Metric System)2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 6721, Part 4 PlasticsDetermination of Dynamic Mechanical Properties, Part 4: Tensile VibrationNon-ResonanceMethod1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility o
12、f Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2014July 1, 2015. Published October 2014July 2015. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20062014 asD5026 - 06.D5026 - 06(2014)1. DOI: 10.1520/D5026-06R14.10.1520/D5026-15.2 For referencedASTM st
13、andards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th F
14、loor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately,
15、 ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
16、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions applicable to this test method refer to Terminology D4092.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscoelastic properties of a plastic material using dynam
17、ic mechanicaltechniques in tension. A test specimen of rectangular cross section is tested in dynamic tension. The specimen is grippedlongitudinally between two clamps. The specimen is placed in mechanical linear tensile displacement at fixed frequencies and ateither isothermal conditions or with a
18、linear temperature variation.with a linear temperature variation or variable frequencies atisothermal conditions. The elastic moduli or loss moduli, or both, of the polymeric material system are measured in tension.NOTE 2The particular method for measurement of the elastic and loss moduli and tan de
19、lta depends upon the individual instruments operatingprinciples.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic materials using verysmall amounts of material. The data obtained may be used for quality control, research an
20、d development, as well as theestablishment of optimum processing conditions.5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuringthe elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan de
21、lta of a material versus thesevariables can be used to provide graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosettingresin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions.5.3 This test method can be used to assess:5.3.1 Modulus as a function of te
22、mperature,5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency,5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation,5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus, and5.3.6 The effects of fo
23、rmulation additives which might affect processability or performance.performance,5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transiti
24、on temperature.5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested.Any testspecimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTMmaterials specification shall take
25、 precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM materialspecifications, then the default conditions apply.6. Interferences6.1 Since small test specimen geometries are used, it is essential that the specimens be representative of the polymeric materialbeing tested.
26、7. Apparatus7.1 The function of the apparatus is to hold a rectangular test specimen of a polymeric material system so that the material actsas the elastic and dissipative element in a mechanically driven linear displacement system. Dynamic mechanical instrumentsdescribed in this test method general
27、ly operate in a forced, constant amplitude, at a fixed frequency.7.2 The apparatus shall consist of the following:7.2.1 Fixed MemberA fixed or essentially stationary member carrying one grip.7.2.2 Movable MemberA movable member carrying a second grip.7.2.3 GripsGrips for holding the test specimen be
28、tween the fixed member and the movable member. The grips shall bemechanically aligned, that is, they shall be attached to the fixed and movable member, respectively, in such a manner that they willmove freely into alignment as soon as any load is applied, so that the long axis of the test specimen w
29、ill coincide with the directionof the applied pull through the center line of the grip assembly.7.2.3.1 The test specimen shall be held in such a way that slippage relative to the grips is prevented as much as possible.7.2.4 Linear Deformation (Strain) DeviceA device for applying a continuous linear
30、 deformation (strain) to the specimen. Inthe force-displacement device the deformation (strain) is applied and then released (see Table 1 of Practice D4065).7.2.5 DetectorsA device or devices for determining dependent and independent experimental parameters, such as force(stress), deformation (strai
31、n), frequency, and temperature. Temperature should be measurable with a precision of 61C, frequencyto 61 %, strain to 61 %, and force to 61 %.D5026 1527.2.6 Temperature Controller and OvenAdevice for controlling the temperature, either by heating (in steps or ramps), cooling(in steps or ramps) or ma
32、intaining a constant specimen environment, or a combination thereof.Atemperature controller should besufficiently stable to permit measurement of environmental chamber temperature to within 1C.7.3 Nitrogen, or other inert gas supply, for purging purposes, if appropriate.8. Test Specimens8.1 The test
33、 specimens may be cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes, or may be molded to the desired finished dimensions.Any rectangular specimen (representative of the material being tested and within the fixturing capabilities of the test equipment)may be used as long as it is clearly described in the tes
34、t report.9. Calibration9.1 Calibrate the instrument using procedures recommended by the manufacturer.10. Conditioning10.1 Condition the test specimens at 23.0 6 2.0C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 10 % relative humidity for not fewer than 40 h priorto test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618 unl
35、ess otherwise specified by contract or relevant ASTM materialspecification.11. Procedure11.1 Use an untested specimen for each measurement. Measure the width and thickness of the specimen to the nearest 0.03 mm(0.001 in.) at the center of the specimen.11.2 Clamp the test specimen between the movable
36、 and stationary members; use shim stock, if necessary, to minimize slippagewithin the clamp.11.3 Pre-load the test specimen so that there is a positive force. Monitor the normal force to ensure adequate pre-loading.11.4 Measure to the nearest 0.03 mm (0.001 in.) the jaw separation between the movabl
37、e and stationary members.11.5 Select the desired frequency (or frequencies) for dynamic linear displacement.11.6 Select the linear-displacement amplitude within the linear elastic region of the material being tested. If the linear elasticregion is not known, perform a strain sweep at ambient tempera
38、ture to determine an appropriate amplitude.11.7 Temperature Sweep:11.7.1 Temperature increases should be controlled to 1 to 2C for linear increases and 2 to 5C/min with a minimum of 1-minthermal-soak time for step increases.11.7.2 The tan delta peak shall coincide with the dramatic change in modulus
39、 through the glass transition region.12. Calculation12.1 The equations listed in Practice D4065 are used to calculate the following important rheological properties measured inforced, nonresonant dynamic displacement:displacement where:E = storage (elastic) modulus in bending,E“ = loss (viscous) mod
40、ulus in bending,E* = complex modulus in bending, andTan = tan delta.12.1.1 Storage (elastic) modulus in tension, E,12.1.2 Loss (viscous) modulus in tension, E“,12.1.3 Complex modulus in tension, E*, and12.1.4 Tan delta, d*.13. Report13.1 Report the following information:13.1.1 Complete identificatio
41、n of the material tested, including type, source, manufacturers code, number, form, principaldimensions and previous processing, or thermal history, or both, if available,13.1.2 Description and direction of cutting and loading specimen, including preload force,13.1.3 Conditioning procedure,13.1.4 De
42、scription of the instrument used for the test,13.1.5 Description of the calibration procedure,13.1.6 Identification of the sample atmosphere by gas composition, purity, and rate used, if appropriate,13.1.7 Width and thickness of specimen,D5026 15313.1.8 Jaw separation distance,13.1.9 Frequency of dy
43、namic displacement,13.1.10 Amplitude of displacement,13.1.11 Thermal history, history; heating rate, if applicable,13.1.12 Number of specimens tested,D5026 15413.1.13 Table of data and results, including moduli and tan delta as a function of temperature, frequency, strain, or time (asappropriate), a
44、nd13.1.14 A plot of the modulus (moduli) and tan delta as a function of temperature (see Fig. 1), frequency, strain, or time (asappropriate).14. Precision and Bias14.1 The precision and bias of this test method are under investigation by a task group of Section D20.10.15. Anyone wishingto participat
45、e in this work may contact the Chairman, Section D20.10.15,ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA1942815. Keywords15.1 dynamic mechanical rheological properties; elastic; linear displacement; loss; storage modulus; tan delta; tension;viscoelastic behaviorSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 h
46、as identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D5026 - 06(2014)1) that may impact the use of this standard. (October(July 1, 2014)2015)(1) EditoriallyRevised 4.1revised, 10.112.1, and 13.1.11.(2) Added 5.3.7, 5.3.8, and 5.3.9.Committee D20 has identified the loc
47、ation of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D5026 - 06)that may impact the use of this standard. (October 1, 2014)(1) Editorially revised 10.1.FIG. 1 Dynamic Mechanical Properties in Tension (at Different Frequencies)D5026 155ASTM International takes no position respecting the v
48、alidity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is s
49、ubject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Sta
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