ASTM D5035-2011 Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)《纺织纤维的伸长率和断裂力的标准试验方法(条样法)》.pdf

1、Designation: D5035 11Standard Test Method forBreaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (StripMethod)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers raveled strip and cut strip testprocedures for determining the breaking force and elongationof mos

3、t textile fabrics. Provision is made for wet testing.1.1.1 The raveled strip test is applicable to woven fabricswhile the cut strip test is applicable to nonwoven fabrics, feltedfabrics, and dipped or coated fabrics.1.2 This test method is not recommended for knitted fabricsor for other textile fabr

4、ics which have high stretch (more than11 %).NOTE 1For the determination of the breaking force and elongation oftextile fabrics using the grab test and modified grab test procedures, referto Test Method D5034.NOTE 2For determination of the breaking force and elongation ofsome specific types of fabric

5、s which use the strip test, refer to Specifica-tions D579 and D580.1.3 This test method shows the values in both inch-poundunits and SI units. Inch-pound units is the technically correctname for the customary units used in the United States. SI unitsis the technically correct name for the system of

6、metric unitsknown as the International System of Units. The values statedin either acceptable metric units or in other units shall beregarded separately as standard. The values expressed in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other, withou

7、t combining inany way.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior

8、to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD579 Specification for Greige Woven Glass FabricsD580 Specification for Greige Woven Glass Tapes andWebbingsD629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of

9、 TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation andRelated Properties of TextilesD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and FibersD4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethodsD5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongatio

10、nof Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method:breaking force, elongation, tensile test, refer to TerminologyD4848.3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method:constant-rate-of-extension, constant rate of load, constant rat

11、eof traverse, refer to Terminology D4849.3.3 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method:cut strip test, raveled strip test, strip test, refer to TerminologyD4850.3.4 For other textile terms used in this test method, refer toTerminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A test specimen

12、 is clamped in a tensile testing machineand a force applied to the specimen until it breaks. Values forthe breaking force and elongation of the test specimen areobtained from machine scales, dials, autographic recordingcharts, or a computer interfaced with the testing machine.4.2 This test method de

13、scribes procedures for carrying outfabric tensile tests using four types of specimen, and three1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,Specific.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. P

14、ublished January 2011. Replaces striptesting sections, Sections 17 through 20, of Test Method D1682. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5035 06(2008)1.DOI: 10.1520/D5035-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custom

15、er Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.alternative types of testing machines

16、. For reporting, use thefollowing system to identify specific specimen and machinecombinations.4.2.1 Type of specimen:4.2.1.1 1R25 mm (1.0 in.) raveled strip test4.2.1.2 2R50 mm (2.0 in.) raveled strip test4.2.1.3 1C25 mm (1.0 in.) cut strip test4.2.1.4 2C50 mm (2.0 in.) cut strip test4.2.2 Type of

17、tensile testing machine:4.2.2.1 Econstant-rate-of-extension (CRE)4.2.2.2 Lconstant-rate-of-load (CRL)4.2.2.3 Tconstant-rate-of-traverse (CRT)4.2.3 Possible combinations can be identified as follows:Test SpecimenType of TesterConstant-Rate-of-ExtensionConstant-Rate-of-LoadConstant-Rate-of-Traverse25-

18、mm (1-in.) raveled strip 1R-E 1R-L 1R-T50-mm (2-in.) raveled strip 2R-E 2R-L 2R-T25-mm (1-in.) cut strip 1C-E 1C-L 1C-T50-mm (2-in.) cut strip 2C-E 2C-L 2C-T4.2.3.1 For example, 1R-E refers to a 25-mm (1-in.) raveledstrip test carried out on a constant-rate-of-extension tensiletesting machine.5. Sig

19、nificance and Use5.1 The raveled strip test in this test method is consideredsatisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments ofwoven textile fabrics because the method has been usedextensively in the trade for acceptance testing. The same is truefor the cut strip test for felted or nonwo

20、ven textile fabrics.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative test should be performed to determine if there is astatistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-tance. At a minimum, use the samp

21、les for such a comparativetest that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the samelot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate resultsduring initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory. The test results from the laboratoriesinvolved should be compared u

22、sing a statistical test forunpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If bias is found, either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 The method is not recommended for knitted fa

23、bricsbecause of their high stretch.5.3 Some modification of the techniques may be necessaryfor any fabric having a strength in excess of 200 N/cm (1140lbf/in.) width. Special precautionary measures are provided foruse when necessary with strong fabrics, or fabrics made fromglass fibers (see Specific

24、ation D579), to prevent them fromslipping in the clamps or being damaged as a result of beinggripped in the clamps.5.4 All of the procedures are applicable for testing fabricseither conditioned or wet.5.5 Comparison of results from tensile testing machinesoperating on different principles is not rec

25、ommended. Whendifferent types of machines are used for comparison testing,constant time-to-break at 206 3 s is the established way ofproducing data. Even then the data may differ significantly.5.6 Although a constant-rate-of-extension tensile testingmachine is preferred in these methods, in cases of

26、 dispute,unless there is agreement to the contrary between the purchaserand supplier, a constant-time-to-break (20 6 3 s) is to be used.5.7 The raveled strip procedure is applicable to the deter-mination of the force required to break a specific width offabric. The breaking force information on wove

27、n fabrics isparticularly useful for comparison of the effective strength ofthe yarns in the fabric with the combined strength of an equalnumber of the same yarns which are not woven. The procedureis not recommended for fabrics having fewer than 20 yarnsacross the width of the specimen. If a 20-yarns

28、-per-specimenwidth cannot be obtained with a 25-mm (1-in.) strip, a 50-mm(2-in.) strip should be used. In general, the observed force fora 50-mm (2-in.) specimen is not double the observed force fora 25-mm (1-in.) specimen and the results should be reported asobserved on a 50-mm (2-in.) strip withou

29、t mathematicaladjustment to 25 mm (1 in.). If a fabric cannot be raveledreadily, use either a cut strip or grab procedure.5.8 The cut strip procedure is applicable to heavily fulledfabrics, woven fabrics that cannot be readily raveled, feltedfabrics and nonwoven fabrics. This procedure is not recom-

30、mended for fabrics which can be raveled because the yarns atthe edges tend to unravel during testing. The recommendationregarding the minimum number of yarns in a woven specimendiscussed in 5.7 for raveled strips applies equally to cut strips.6. Apparatus, Reagents, and Materials6.1 Tensile Testing

31、Machine, of the CRE, CRL, or CRT typeconforming to Specification D76, with respect to force indica-tion, working range, capacity, and elongation indicator anddesigned for operation at a speed of 300 6 10 mm/min (12 60.5 in./min); or, a variable speed drive, change gears, orinterchangeable loads as r

32、equired to obtain the 20 6 3stime-to-break (see 5.5 and 5.6).6.2 Clamps and Jaw FacesEach jaw face shall be smooth,flat, and with a metallic or other agreed upon surface. The facesshall be parallel and have machining centers with respect toone another in the same clamp and to the corresponding jawfa

33、ce of the other clamp.6.2.1 For all strip tests or for narrow fabrics and tapes beingtested full width, each jaw face shall measure at least 10 mm(0.5 in.) wider than the specimen being tested and at least 25mm (1.0 in.) in the direction of the applied force.6.3 Metal Clamp, auxiliary, weighing 170

34、g (6.0 oz) with100-mm (4-in.) width anvils.6.4 Distilled Water, for wet testing.6.5 Nonionic Wetting Agent, for wet testing.6.6 Container, for wetting out specimens.6.7 Standard fabrics3, for use in verification of apparatus.(See Annex A1.)6.8 Pins, stainless-steel, 10-mm (38-in.) diameter by 125mm

35、(5 in.) long, two required if used.3Apparatus and accessories are commercially available.D5035 1127. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleTake a lot sample as directed in theapplicable material specification. In the absence of such aspecification randomly select the rolls or pieces that constitutethe lot sample us

36、ing the following schedule:Number of Rolls, Pieces inLot, InclusiveNumber of Rolls or Pieces inLot Sample1to3 All4to24 425 to 50 5Over 50 10 % to a maximum of 10 of the rollsor piecesNOTE 3An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and supplier requires taking into account the

37、 variability betweenrolls of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll of fabricto provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producers risk, consumersrisk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleFrom each roll or piece of fabrictaken from the lot sampl

38、e, cut at least one laboratory samplethe full width of the fabric and1m(1yd)along the selvage(machine direction).NOTE 4Results obtained on small hand samples or swatches can onlybe considered as representative of the sample swatch submitted and cannotbe assumed to be representative of the fabric pie

39、ce from which the handsample or swatch was taken.7.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sample, take fivespecimens from the warp (machine) direction and eight speci-mens from the filling (cross) direction (if tested) for eachtesting condition.7.3.1 Testing conditions include the following:7.3.1.1 Wa

40、rp or Machine DirectionStandard conditionsfor testing textiles,7.3.1.2 Warp or Machine DirectionWet at 21C (70F),7.3.1.3 Filling or Cross DirectionStandard conditions fortesting textiles, and7.3.1.4 Filling or Cross DirectionWet at 21C (70F).7.3.2 When using the constant-time-to-break technique andu

41、nfamiliar fabrics, prepare two or three extra specimens toestablish the proper rate of loading (speed for testing).NOTE 5Reinforcing fabric systems generally need to demonstrate acompatibility with the properties of the system being reinforced. Thiscomes with an understanding that this compatibility

42、 may be influenced bysuch factors as stress and strain orientation. It is therefore suggested thatthe option of testing in off-axis orientations, such as 645, be consideredto verify suitability for applications where stresses and strains are knownto exist in orientations other than along the directi

43、on of the primary axes.8. Conditioning8.1 For Conditioned Testing:8.1.1 If the samples have a higher moisture content than themoisture present when at equilibrium in the standard atmo-sphere for testing textiles, precondition as directed in PracticeD1776.8.1.2 Bring samples to moisture equilibrium i

44、n the standardatmosphere for testing textiles as directed in Practice D1776.Equilibrium is considered to have been reached when theincrease in mass of the specimen in successive weighings madeat intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % of themass of the specimen.NOTE 6It is recognized th

45、at, in practice, materials are frequently notweighed to determine when moisture equilibrium has been reached. Whileconditioning for a fixed time cannot be accepted in cases of dispute, it maybe sufficient in routine testing to expose the material to the standardatmosphere for testing textiles for a

46、reasonable period of time before thespecimens are tested. As a guide, the following conditioning periods aresuggested:FiberMinimum Condi-tioning Period,h4Animal Fibers (for example, wool and regenerated proteins) 8Vegetable Fibers (for example, cotton) 6Viscose 8Acetate 4Fibers having a regain less

47、than 5 % at 65 % relativehumidity28.2 For Wet Testing:8.2.1 Specimens to be tested in the wet condition shall beimmersed in water at room temperature until thoroughly wetted(Note 7). To thoroughly wet a specimen, it may be necessary toadd not more than 0.05 % of a nonionic wetting agent to thewater.

48、 A test of any specimen shall be completed within 2 minafter its removal from the water.NOTE 7The material has been thoroughly wet out when it has beendetermined that additional immersion time does not produce any addi-tional changes in breaking strength of test specimens. This method ofdeterminatio

49、n must be used in cases of dispute; however, for routinetesting in the laboratory, it may be sufficient to immerse the material 1 h.8.2.2 The procedures in this test method should be used withcaution when testing fabrics that do not wet out uniformly andthoroughly because of the presence of sizing, oil, protectivecoatings, or water repellents.8.2.3 When the strength of wet specimens without sizing,water repellents, etc. is required, before preparing the testspecimens, treat the material as directed in Test Methods D629,using appropriate de-sizing, etc.