1、Designation: D5035 11 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forBreaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (StripMethod)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method c
3、overs raveled strip and cut strip testprocedures for determining the breaking force and elongationof most textile fabrics. Provision is made for wet testing.1.1.1 The raveled strip test is applicable to woven fabricswhile the cut strip test is applicable to nonwoven fabrics, feltedfabrics, and dippe
4、d or coated fabrics.1.2 This test method is not recommended for knitted fabricsor for other textile fabrics which have high stretch (more than11 %).NOTE 1For the determination of the breaking force and elongation oftextile fabrics using the grab test and modified grab test procedures, referto Test M
5、ethod D5034.NOTE 2For determination of the breaking force and elongation ofsome specific types of fabrics which use the strip test, refer to Specifica-tions D579 and D580.1.3 This test method shows the values in both inch-poundunits and SI units. Inch-pound units is the technically correctname for t
6、he customary units used in the United States. SI unitsis the technically correct name for the system of metric unitsknown as the International System of Units. The values statedin either acceptable metric units or in other units shall beregarded separately as standard. The values expressed in eachsy
7、stem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other, without combining inany way.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap
8、pro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD579 Specification for Greige Woven Glass FabricsD
9、580 Specification for Greige Woven Glass Tapes andWebbingsD629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation andRelated Properties of TextilesD4849 Terminology Related to Yarns and FibersD4850 Ter
10、minology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric TestMethodsD5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Grab Test)3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method:breaking force, elongation, tensile test, refer to TerminologyD4848.3.2 For definitions o
11、f textile terms used in this test method:constant-rate-of-extension, constant rate of load, constant rateof traverse, refer to Terminology D4849.3.3 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method:cut strip test, raveled strip test, strip test, refer to TerminologyD4850.3.4 For other texti
12、le terms used in this test method, refer toTerminology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A test specimen is clamped in a tensile testing machineand a force applied to the specimen until it breaks. Values forthe breaking force and elongation of the test specimen are1This test method is under the juri
13、sdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,Specific.Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published September 2015. Replaces striptesting sections, Sections 17 through 20, of Test Method D1682. Originallyapproved in 1990.
14、 Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5035 11. DOI:10.1520/D5035-11R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page ont
15、he ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1obtained from machine scales, dials, autographic recordingcharts, or a computer interfaced with the testing machine.4.2 This test method describes procedures for carrying
16、 outfabric tensile tests using four types of specimen, and threealternative types of testing machines. For reporting, use thefollowing system to identify specific specimen and machinecombinations.4.2.1 Type of specimen:4.2.1.1 1R25 mm (1.0 in.) raveled strip test4.2.1.2 2R50 mm (2.0 in.) raveled str
17、ip test4.2.1.3 1C25 mm (1.0 in.) cut strip test4.2.1.4 2C50 mm (2.0 in.) cut strip test4.2.2 Type of tensile testing machine:4.2.2.1 Econstant-rate-of-extension (CRE)4.2.2.2 Lconstant-rate-of-load (CRL)4.2.2.3 Tconstant-rate-of-traverse (CRT)4.2.3 Possible combinations can be identified as follows:T
18、est SpecimenType of TesterConstant-Rate-of-ExtensionConstant-Rate-of-LoadConstant-Rate-of-Traverse25-mm (1-in.) raveled strip 1R-E 1R-L 1R-T50-mm (2-in.) raveled strip 2R-E 2R-L 2R-T25-mm (1-in.) cut strip 1C-E 1C-L 1C-T50-mm (2-in.) cut strip 2C-E 2C-L 2C-T4.2.3.1 For example, 1R-E refers to a 25-m
19、m (1-in.) raveledstrip test carried out on a constant-rate-of-extension tensiletesting machine.5. Significance and Use5.1 The raveled strip test in this test method is consideredsatisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments ofwoven textile fabrics because the method has been usedextens
20、ively in the trade for acceptance testing. The same is truefor the cut strip test for felted or nonwoven textile fabrics.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative test should be performed to determine if there i
21、s astatistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-tance. At a minimum, use the samples for such a comparativetest that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the samelot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate resultsduring initial testing and randomly assigned in
22、 equal numbersto each laboratory. The test results from the laboratoriesinvolved should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If bias is found, either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that materia
23、l must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 The method is not recommended for knitted fabricsbecause of their high stretch.5.3 Some modification of the techniques may be necessaryfor any fabric having a strength in excess of 200 N/cm (1140lbf/in.) width. Special precautionary measures a
24、re provided foruse when necessary with strong fabrics, or fabrics made fromglass fibers (see Specification D579), to prevent them fromslipping in the clamps or being damaged as a result of beinggripped in the clamps.5.4 All of the procedures are applicable for testing fabricseither conditioned or we
25、t.5.5 Comparison of results from tensile testing machinesoperating on different principles is not recommended. Whendifferent types of machines are used for comparison testing,constant time-to-break at 206 3 s is the established way ofproducing data. Even then the data may differ significantly.5.6 Al
26、though a constant-rate-of-extension tensile testingmachine is preferred in these methods, in cases of dispute,unless there is agreement to the contrary between the purchaserand supplier, a constant-time-to-break (20 6 3 s) is to be used.5.7 The raveled strip procedure is applicable to the deter-mina
27、tion of the force required to break a specific width offabric. The breaking force information on woven fabrics isparticularly useful for comparison of the effective strength ofthe yarns in the fabric with the combined strength of an equalnumber of the same yarns which are not woven. The procedureis
28、not recommended for fabrics having fewer than 20 yarnsacross the width of the specimen. If a 20-yarns-per-specimenwidth cannot be obtained with a 25-mm (1-in.) strip, a 50-mm(2-in.) strip should be used. In general, the observed force fora 50-mm (2-in.) specimen is not double the observed force fora
29、 25-mm (1-in.) specimen and the results should be reported asobserved on a 50-mm (2-in.) strip without mathematicaladjustment to 25 mm (1 in.). If a fabric cannot be raveledreadily, use either a cut strip or grab procedure.5.8 The cut strip procedure is applicable to heavily fulledfabrics, woven fab
30、rics that cannot be readily raveled, feltedfabrics and nonwoven fabrics. This procedure is not recom-mended for fabrics which can be raveled because the yarns atthe edges tend to unravel during testing. The recommendationregarding the minimum number of yarns in a woven specimendiscussed in 5.7 for r
31、aveled strips applies equally to cut strips.6. Apparatus, Reagents, and Materials6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, of the CRE, CRL, or CRT typeconforming to Specification D76, with respect to forceindication, working range, capacity, and elongation indicatorand designed for operation at a speed of 300 6
32、10 mm/min (126 0.5 in./min); or, a variable speed drive, change gears, orinterchangeable loads as required to obtain the 20 6 3stime-to-break (see 5.5 and 5.6).6.2 Clamps and Jaw FacesEach jaw face shall be smooth,flat, and with a metallic or other agreed upon surface. The facesshall be parallel and
33、 have machining centers with respect toone another in the same clamp and to the corresponding jawface of the other clamp.6.2.1 For all strip tests or for narrow fabrics and tapes beingtested full width, each jaw face shall measure at least 10 mm(0.5 in.) wider than the specimen being tested and at l
34、east 25mm (1.0 in.) in the direction of the applied force.6.3 Metal Clamp, auxiliary, weighing 170 g (6.0 oz) with100-mm (4-in.) width anvils.6.4 Distilled Water, for wet testing.6.5 Nonionic Wetting Agent, for wet testing.D5035 11 (2015)26.6 Container, for wetting out specimens.6.7 Standard fabrics
35、3, for use in verification of apparatus.(See Annex A1.)6.8 Pins, stainless-steel, 10-mm (38-in.) diameter by 125mm (5 in.) long, two required if used.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleTake a lot sample as directed in theapplicable material specification. In the absence of such aspecification randomly select
36、the rolls or pieces that constitutethe lot sample using the following schedule:Number of Rolls, Pieces inLot, InclusiveNumber of Rolls or Pieces inLot Sample1to3 All4to24 425 to 50 5Over 50 10 % to a maximum of 10 of the rollsor piecesNOTE 3An adequate specification or other agreement between thepur
37、chaser and supplier requires taking into account the variability betweenrolls of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll of fabricto provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producers risk, consumersrisk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleFrom
38、each roll or piece of fabrictaken from the lot sample, cut at least one laboratory samplethe full width of the fabric and1m(1yd)along the selvage(machine direction).NOTE 4Results obtained on small hand samples or swatches can onlybe considered as representative of the sample swatch submitted and can
39、notbe assumed to be representative of the fabric piece from which the handsample or swatch was taken.7.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sample, take fivespecimens from the warp (machine) direction and eight speci-mens from the filling (cross) direction (if tested) for eachtesting condition.7.3.1
40、 Testing conditions include the following:7.3.1.1 Warp or Machine DirectionStandard conditionsfor testing textiles,7.3.1.2 Warp or Machine DirectionWet at 21C (70F),7.3.1.3 Filling or Cross DirectionStandard conditions fortesting textiles, and7.3.1.4 Filling or Cross DirectionWet at 21C (70F).7.3.2
41、When using the constant-time-to-break technique andunfamiliar fabrics, prepare two or three extra specimens toestablish the proper rate of loading (speed for testing).NOTE 5Reinforcing fabric systems generally need to demonstrate acompatibility with the properties of the system being reinforced. Thi
42、scomes with an understanding that this compatibility may be influenced bysuch factors as stress and strain orientation. It is therefore suggested thatthe option of testing in off-axis orientations, such as 645, be consideredto verify suitability for applications where stresses and strains are knownt
43、o exist in orientations other than along the direction of the primary axes.8. Conditioning8.1 For Conditioned Testing:8.1.1 If the samples have a higher moisture content than themoisture present when at equilibrium in the standard atmo-sphere for testing textiles, precondition as directed in Practic
44、eD1776.8.1.2 Bring samples to moisture equilibrium in the standardatmosphere for testing textiles as directed in Practice D1776.Equilibrium is considered to have been reached when theincrease in mass of the specimen in successive weighings madeat intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 %
45、of themass of the specimen.NOTE 6It is recognized that, in practice, materials are frequently notweighed to determine when moisture equilibrium has been reached. Whileconditioning for a fixed time cannot be accepted in cases of dispute, it maybe sufficient in routine testing to expose the material t
46、o the standardatmosphere for testing textiles for a reasonable period of time before thespecimens are tested. As a guide, the following conditioning periods aresuggested:FiberMinimumConditioningPeriod, h4Animal Fibers (for example, wool and regenerated proteins) 8Vegetable Fibers (for example, cotto
47、n) 6Viscose 8Acetate 4Fibers having a regain less than 5 % at 65 % relativehumidity28.2 For Wet Testing:8.2.1 Specimens to be tested in the wet condition shall beimmersed in water at room temperature until thoroughly wetted(Note 7). To thoroughly wet a specimen, it may be necessary toadd not more th
48、an 0.05 % of a nonionic wetting agent to thewater. A test of any specimen shall be completed within 2 minafter its removal from the water.NOTE 7The material has been thoroughly wet out when it has beendetermined that additional immersion time does not produce any addi-tional changes in breaking stre
49、ngth of test specimens. This method ofdetermination must be used in cases of dispute; however, for routinetesting in the laboratory, it may be sufficient to immerse the material 1 h.8.2.2 The procedures in this test method should be used withcaution when testing fabrics that do not wet out uniformly andthoroughly because of the presence of sizing, oil, protectivecoatings, or water repellents.8.2.3 When the strength of wet specimens without sizing,water repellents, etc. is required, before preparing the testspecimens, treat the material as directed in Te
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